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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestvfu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М. К. Аммосова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-5404</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/2222-5404-2023-20-3-20-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestvfu-363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Запаздывающие взаимодействия электронов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Retarded interactions of electrons</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кычкин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kychkin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кычкин Иннокентий Саввич – д. ф.-м. н., проф. каф. общей и экспериментальной физики ФТИ</p><p>г. Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kychkin Innokentij Savvich ‒ Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Department of General and Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics and Technology</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kof_fti@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивцев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivtsev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сивцев Василий Иванович – к. ф.-м. н., доц. каф. общей и экспериментальной физики ФТИ</p><p>г. Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sivtsev Vasilij Ivanovich ‒ Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General and Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics and Technology </p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vi.sivtcev@s-vfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СВФУ им. М.К. Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СВФУ им. М.К. Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кычкин И.С., Сивцев В.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кычкин И.С., Сивцев В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kychkin I.S., Sivtsev V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestvfu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/363">https://vestvfu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/363</self-uri><abstract><p>Многоэлектронные атомы и ионы, особенно ионы с высокой степенью ионизации, наблюдаемые в естественных и лабораторных условиях, являются релятивистскими системами, в которых орбитальное квантовое число теряет свой обычный смысл, становится плохим квантовым числом и в этом случае возникает необходимость релятивистского подхода к исследованию этих систем, т. е. работа в естественном для релятивизма j–представлении. Это требует учета не только электрических, магнитных, но и запаздывающих взаимодействий между электронами таких систем за счет конечности скорости света в вакууме. В статье релятивистский оператор энергии запаздывающих взаимодействий между электронами в приближении v2/c2(часть оператора Брейта), используя метод неприводимых тензорных операторов Ракаха, приведен к двум разным видам, выраженным через стандартные неприводимые тензорные операторы, используемые в теории атома, ядра, физики твердого тела. Полученные выражения для оператора энергии запаздывающих взаимодействий представлены в виде, естественном для релятивистского подхода, т. е. в j-представлении. То, что оператор энергии запаздывающих взаимодействий представляет двухэлектронное взаимодействие, представляющее собой прямое произведение операторов-матриц в представлении Паули и затрагивающее разные электроны, позволяет представить двухэлектронную волновую функцию как прямое произведение одноэлектронных волновых функций – биспиноров дираковского типа и все это позволяет использовать метод неприводимых тензорных операторов Ракаха в вычислении матричного элемента. Матричные элементы оператора энергии запаздывающих взаимодействий представлены через стандартные величины теории атома и ядра.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Multielectron atoms and ions, especially ions with a high degree of ionization, observed in natural and laboratory conditions, are relativistic systems in which the orbital quantum number loses its ordinary meaning. It becomes a bad quantum number, and in this case, there is a need for a relativistic approach to study these systems, i.e., research in the j-representation natural for relativism. It requires considering not only electrical and magnetic, but also retarded interactions between the electrons of such systems due to the finiteness of the speed of light in a vacuum. In the article, the relativistic energy operator of retarded interactions between electrons in the v2/c2 approximation (part of the Breit operator) is reduced to two different forms using the method of Racah irreducible tensor operators. These forms are expressed in terms of standard irreducible tensor operators used in the theory of the atom, nucleus, and solid-state physics. The resulting expressions for the operator of the energy of retarded interactions are presented in a form natural for the relativistic approach, i.e. in j - representation. The energy operator of the retarded interactions is a two-electron interaction that is a direct multiplication of operators (matrices in the Pauli representation) which affects different electrons. Therefore, the two-electron wave function is represented as a direct multiplication of one-electron wave functions, that is Dirac-type bispinors. All this allows using the method of Raсah irreducible tensor operators in calculating the matrix element. The matrix elements of the energy operator of the retarded interactions are represented in terms of the standard values of the atom and nucleus theory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оператор запаздывающих взаимодействий</kwd><kwd>j-представление</kwd><kwd>оператор Брейта</kwd><kwd>неприводимый тензорный оператор</kwd><kwd>уравнения Дирака</kwd><kwd>матрицы Дирака</kwd><kwd>матрица Паули</kwd><kwd>символ Вигнера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retarded interaction operator</kwd><kwd>j-representation</kwd><kwd>Breit operator</kwd><kwd>tensor operator</kwd><kwd>Dirac equations</kwd><kwd>Dirac matrices</kwd><kwd>Pauli matrix</kwd><kwd>Wigner symbol</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дирак, П. А. М. Собрание научных трудов. Т. 2. Квантовая теория (научные статьи 1924–1947) / П. А. М. 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