<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestvfu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М. К. Аммосова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-5404</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5620</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/2222-5404-2025-22-3-55-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestvfu-644</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы оценки и анализа разрешающей способности цифровых голографических микроскопов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Method for estimating and analyzing the resolution of digital holographic microscopy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-9564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федоров Артур Григорьевич – к. т. н., доц. каф. теоретической физики.</p><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artur G. Fedorov – Cand. Sci. (Technology), Associate Professor, Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics and Technologies, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University.</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ag.fedorov@s-vfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жондорова</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhondorova</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жондорова Любовь Леонидовна – студент 4 курса, группы Ф-21-1 ФТИ.</p><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov L. Zhondorova – 4th year Undergraduate Student, Institute of Physics and Technologies, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University.</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-7592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федорова Любовь Константиновна – ведущий инженер кафедры теоретической физики, ФТИ.</p><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov K. Fedorova – Leading Engineer, Department of Theoretical Physics and Technologies, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University.</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">flk_84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федоров А.Г., Жондорова Л.Л., Федорова Л.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федоров А.Г., Жондорова Л.Л., Федорова Л.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorov A.G., Zhondorova L.L., Fedorova L.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestvfu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/644">https://vestvfu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/644</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей работе рассматривается комплексный численный подход к оценке и анализу разрешающей способности цифровых голографических микроскопов. Рассмотрены пять ключевых факторов, оказывающих наибольшее влияние на качество восстановления изображения: расстояние от объекта до сенсора, временная и пространственная когерентность источника, физический размер пикселя детектора, а также оптическое поле зрения (Field of View, FOV). Для каждого из указанных факторов разработаны алгоритмы численного моделирования, объединенные в единую программную платформу, позволяющую проводить систематический анализ без необходимости проведения физических экспериментов. Это особенно актуально при разработке компактных и недорогих цифровых голографических микроскопов. Реализована численная модель распространения волны методом углового спектра, проведено моделирование типовой схемы голографического микроскопа. Валидация результатов и оценка разрешающей способности основаны на мишени USAF-1951. Установлено, что наиболее значимые ограничения связаны с размером пикселя, расстоянием между объектом и экраном и размерами области восстановления. Когерентные характеристики источника также оказывают влияние, однако в ряде практических случаев могут быть компенсированы на этапе проектирования. Показано, что разработанный алгоритм позволяет производить предварительную оценку теоретического предела разрешения для заданной конфигурации системы и выявлять доминирующие ограничения. Научная новизна работы заключается в объединении всех основных факторов в единой программной среде, что позволяет проводить численную оптимизацию параметров цифровых голографических микроскопов на этапе его проектирования. Предложенный подход может быть использован при создании портативных голографических микроскопов для задач биомедицины, мониторинга микропластика и других прикладных областей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study presents a comprehensive numerical approach for evaluating and analyzing the resolution of digital holographic microscopes. The analysis focuses on five key factors that have the greatest impact on image reconstruction quality: object-to-sensor distance, temporal and spatial coherence of the illumination source, physical pixel size of the detector, and the optical field of view (FOV). For each of these factors, numerical modeling algorithms were developed and integrated into a unified software platform that enables systematic analysis without the need for physical experiments. This is particularly relevant for the development of compact and low-cost digital holographic microscopes. A wave propagation model based on the angular spectrum method was implemented, and simulations were conducted for a typical holographic microscope configuration. Validation of the results and resolution assessment were carried out using the USAF 1951 resolution target. It was found that the most significant limitations are associated with pixel size, object-to-sensor distance, and the size of the reconstruction area. Coherence properties of the source also affect resolution but can often be compensated for during the design phase. It is demonstrated that the developed algorithm enables preliminary estimation of the theoretical resolution limit for a given system configuration and identification of dominant constraints. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the integration of all major resolution-related factors into a single computational environment, enabling numerical optimization of digital holographic microscope parameters during the design stage. The proposed approach can be applied in the development of portable holographic microscopes for applications in biomedicine, microplastic monitoring, and other practical domains.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осевая голография</kwd><kwd>цифровая голографическая микроскопия</kwd><kwd>разрешающая способность</kwd><kwd>когерентность</kwd><kwd>численное восстановление голографических изображений</kwd><kwd>частота среза</kwd><kwd>оптическое поле зрения</kwd><kwd>числовая апертура</kwd><kwd>спектральная ширина</kwd><kwd>диафрагма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>in-line holography</kwd><kwd>digital holographic microscopy</kwd><kwd>resolution</kwd><kwd>coherence</kwd><kwd>numerical reconstruction of holographic images</kwd><kwd>cut-off frequency</kwd><kwd>optical field of view</kwd><kwd>numerical aperture</kwd><kwd>spectral bandwidth</kwd><kwd>diaphragm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егоров Н.В., Антонова Л.И., Карпов А.Г. и др. Теоретическая и экспериментальная оценки электрических параметров голографического микроскопа. Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования. 2020;(10):79-84. DOI: 10.31857/S1028096020100040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorov NV, Antonova LI, Karpov AG, et al. Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the electrical parameters of a holographic microscope. Journal of surface investigation. X-ray, synchrotron and neutron techniques. 2020;(10):79-84 (in Russian). DOI: 10.31857/S1028096020100040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Egorov NV, Karpov AG, Fedorov AG, et al. Technique for investigating the spatial structure of thin films at a nanolevel. Journal of surface investigation. X-ray, synchrotron and neutron techniques. 2011;5(5):992-995. DOI: 10.1134/S1027451011100089</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egorov NV, Karpov AG, Fedorov AG, et al. Technique for investigating the spatial structure of thin films at a nanolevel. Journal of surface investigation. X-ray, synchrotron and neutron techniques. 2011;5(5):992-995 (in English). DOI: 10.1134/S1027451011100089</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amann S, Witzleben M, Breuer S. 3D-printable portable open-source platform for low-cost lens-less holographic cellular imaging. Scientific Reports. 2019;(9):11260. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47689-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amann S, Witzleben M, Breuer S. 3D-printable portable open-source platform for low-cost lens-less holographic cellular imaging. Scientific Reports. 2019;(9):11260 (in English). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47689-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar ShM, Hong J. A review of 3D particle tracking and flow diagnostics using digital holograpy. Measurement science and technology. 2025;36(3):032005. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6501/adabff</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar ShM, Hong J. A review of 3D particle tracking and flow diagnostics using digital holograpy. Measurement science and technology. 2025;36(3):032005 (in English). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6501/adabff</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicholas BF, Lei F, Jiarong H. Holographic Air-Quality Monitor (HAM). Indoor Air. 2024;(1):2210837. DOI: 10.1155/2024/2210837.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicholas BF, Lei F, Jiarong H. Holographic Air-Quality Monitor (HAM). Indoor Air. 2024;(1):2210837 (in English). DOI: 10.1155/2024/2210837.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J, Go T, Lee S. J. Volumetric monitoring of airborne particulate matter concentration using smartphone-based digital holographic microscopy and deep learning. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021;(418):126351. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J, Go T, Lee S. J. Volumetric monitoring of airborne particulate matter concentration using smartphone-based digital holographic microscopy and deep learning. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021;(418):126351 (in English). DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kemppinen O, Laning JC, Mersmann RD, et al. Imaging atmospheric aerosol particles from a UAV with digital holography. Scientific Reports. 2020;(10):16085. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72411-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kemppinen O, Laning JC, Mersmann RD, et al. Imaging atmospheric aerosol particles from a UAV with digital holography. Scientific Reports. 2020;(10):16085 (in English). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72411-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cacace T, Del-Coco M, Carcagnì P, et al. HMPD: A novel dataset for microplastics classification with digital holography. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. In: Image Analysis and Processing. 2023:123-133. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43153-1_11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cacace T, Del-Coco M, Carcagnì P, et al. HMPD: A novel dataset for microplastics classification with digital holography. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. In: Image Analysis and Processing. 2023:123-133 (in English). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43153-1_11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuxing Li, Yanmin Zhu, Jianqing H, et al. High-throughput microplastic assessment using polarization holographic imaging. Scientific Reports. 2024;(14):2355. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52762-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuxing Li, Yanmin Zhu, Jianqing H, et al. High-throughput microplastic assessment using polarization holographic imaging. Scientific Reports. 2024;(14):2355 (in English). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52762-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim MK. Applications of digital holography in biomedical microscopy. Journal of the Optical Society of Korea. 2010;14(2):77-89. DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2010.14.2.077</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim MK. Applications of digital holography in biomedical microscopy. Journal of the Optical Society of Korea. 2010;14(2):77-89 (in English). DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2010.14.2.077</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anayet UD, Abdul BA, Muzafar B, et al. Applications of artificial intelligence and digital holography in biomedical microscopy. Authorea. 2023:28. DOI: 10.22541/au.167698220.02553258/v1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anayet UD, Abdul BA, Muzafar B, et al. Applications of artificial intelligence and digital holography in biomedical microscopy. Authorea. 2023:28 (in English). DOI: 10.22541/au.167698220.02553258/v1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu H, Zhang Ch, Xu W, et al. Detection of ceramic stress intensity factor based on digital holography. Applied Optics. 2025;64(4):910-916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.545843</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu H, Zhang Ch, Xu W, et al. Detection of ceramic stress intensity factor based on digital holography. Applied Optics. 2025;64(4):910-916 (in English). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.545843</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daniel RC, Cosme F. High-resolution imaging for in-situ non-destructive testing by quantitative lensless digital holography. Frontiers in Photonics. 2024;(5):1351744. DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2024.1351744</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daniel RC, Cosme F. High-resolution imaging for in-situ non-destructive testing by quantitative lensless digital holography. Frontiers in Photonics. 2024;(5):1351744 (in English). DOI: 10.3389/fphot.2024.1351744</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Zh, Miccio L, Coppola S, et al. Digital holography as metrology tool at micro-nanoscale for soft matter. Light: Advanced Manufacturing. 2022;3(1):151-176. DOI: 10.37188/lam.2022.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Zh, Miccio L, Coppola S, et al. Digital holography as metrology tool at micro-nanoscale for soft matter. Light: Advanced Manufacturing. 2022;3(1):151-176 (in English). DOI: 10.37188/lam.2022.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J, Kim Y, Lee HS, et al. Single-shot reconstruction of three-dimensional morphology of biological cells in digital holographic microscopy using a physics-driven neural network. Nature Communications. 2024;(16):4840. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60200-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J, Kim Y, Lee HS, et al. Single-shot reconstruction of three-dimensional morphology of biological cells in digital holographic microscopy using a physics-driven neural network. Nature Communications. 2024;(16):4840 (in English). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60200-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang M, He H, Yu L. Real-time 3D imaging of ocean algae with crosstalk suppressed single-shot digital holographic microscopy. Biomedical Optics Express. 2022;13(8):4455-4467. DOI: 10.1364/BOE.463678</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang M, He H, Yu L. Real-time 3D imaging of ocean algae with crosstalk suppressed single-shot digital holographic microscopy. Biomedical Optics Express. 2022;13(8):4455-4467 (in English). DOI: 10.1364/BOE.463678</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федоров А.Г., Платонов В.В., Жондорова Л.Л. и др. Разработка модели цифрового голографического микроскопа для исследования структур в оптическом диапазоне. Вестник СВФУ. 2024;21(2):77-83. DOI: 10.25587/2222-5404-2024-21-2-77-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov AG, Platonov VV, Zhondorova LL, Fedorova LN. Development of a digital holographic microscope model for the investigate of structures in the optical range. Vestnik of NEFU. 2034;21(2):77-83 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pen G, Caojin Y. Resolution enhancement of digital holographic microscopy via synthetic aperture: a review. Light: Advanced Manufacturing. 2022;3(1):105-120. DOI: 10.37188/lam.2022.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pen G, Caojin Y. Resolution enhancement of digital holographic microscopy via synthetic aperture: a review. Light: Advanced Manufacturing. 2022;3(1):105-120 (in English). DOI: 10.37188/lam.2022.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobi A, Peng G, Vismay T. Optical super-resolution imaging: A review and perspective. Optics and Lasers in Engineering. 2024;(183):108536. DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108536</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobi A, Peng G, Vismay T. Optical super-resolution imaging: A review and perspective. Optics and Lasers in Engineering. 2024;(183):108536 (in English). DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108536</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jayakumar N, Ahluwalia BS. From superior contrast to super resolution label free optical microscopy. npj Imaging. 2025;3(1):1-16. DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00064-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jayakumar N, Ahluwalia BS. From superior contrast to super resolution label free optical microscopy. npj Imaging. 2025;3(1):1-16 (in English). DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00064-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Zh, Cao L. Quantitative phase imaging based on holography: trends and new perspectives. Light: Science &amp; Applications. 2024;3(1):145. DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01453-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Zh, Cao L. Quantitative phase imaging based on holography: trends and new perspectives. Light: Science &amp; Applications. 2024;3(1):145 (in English). DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01453-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J, Sun J, Chen Q, Zuo Ch. Resolution analysis in a lens-free on-chip digital holographic microscope. IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging. 2020;(6):697-710. DOI: 10.1109/TCI.2020.2964247</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J, Sun J, Chen Q, Zuo Ch. Resolution analysis in a lens-free on-chip digital holographic microscope. IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging. 2020;(6):697-710 (in English). DOI: 10.1109/TCI.2020.2964247</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федоров А.Г., Трофимов В. В., Карпов А. Г. Численные методы и алгоритмы восстановления голографических изображений с произвольным выбором физических размеров плоскости объекта и наблюдения. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Прикладная математика. Информатика. Процессы управления. 2022;18(1):99-110. DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu10.2022.108</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov AG. Trofimov VV, Karpov AG. Numerical methods and algorithms for reconstruction of holographic images with flexibility choice of physical size of the object and observation area. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes. 2022;18(1):99-110 (in Russian). DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu10.2022.108</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott C, Potsaid B, Wen JT. Wide field scanning telescope using MEMS deformable mirrors. International Journal of Optomechatronics. 2010;4(3):285-305. DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2010.513720</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott C, Potsaid B, Wen JT. Wide field scanning telescope using MEMS deformable mirrors. International Journal of Optomechatronics. 2010;4(3):285-305 (in English). DOI: 10.1080/15599612.2010.513720</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang M, Feng Sh, Wu J. Multilayer pixel super-resolution lensless in-line holographic microscope with random sample movement. Scientific Reports. 2017;(7):12791. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13134-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang M, Feng Sh, Wu J. Multilayer pixel super-resolution lensless in-line holographic microscope with random sample movement. Scientific Reports. 2017;(7):12791 (in English). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13134-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heejung L, JongWu K, Junwoo K, et al. Noniterative sub-pixel shifting super-resolution lensless digital holography. Optics Express. 2021;29(19):29996-30007. DOI: 10.1364/OE.433719</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heejung L, JongWu K, Junwoo K, et al. Noniterative sub-pixel shifting super-resolution lensless digital holography. Optics Express. 2021;29(19):29996-30007 (in English). DOI: 10.1364/OE.433719</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
