vestvfuВестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М. К. АммосоваVestnik of North-Eastern Federal University2222-54042587-5620Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова10.25587/2222-5404-2026-23-2-20-30vestvfu-751Research ArticleБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИBIOLOGICAL SCIENCESСравнение токсичности диметилформамида и диметилсульфоксида для пресноводных растений: новая информация о токсичности и толерантностиComparison of the toxicity of dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide to freshwater plants: new information on toxicity and tolerancehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2722-7283ПоклоновВ. А.PoklonovV. A.

Поклонов Владислав Александрович – к. б. н., зав. лаб. экологического мониторинга водных объектов.

Москва

AuthorID 566054

Vladislav A. Poklonov – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring of Water Bodies of the IIUEPS/MNEPU.

Moscow

AuthorID 566054

warvir@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5593-5044ОстроумовС. А.OstroumovS. A.

Остроумов Сергей Андреевич – д. б. н., в. н. с. лаборатории физико-химии биомембран, биологический факультет.

Москва

AuthorID 91983

Sergei A. Ostroumov – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Faculty of Biology of the Moscow State University.

Moscow

AuthorID 91983

ar55@yandex.ruМеждународный независимый эколого-политологический университетРоссияInternational Independent University of Environmental & Political SciencesRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияMoscow State UniversityRussian Federation2026020720262322030Copyright © Поклонов В.А., Остроумов С.А., 20262026Поклонов В.А., Остроумов С.А.Poklonov V.A., Ostroumov S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestvfu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/751

Органические растворители диметилформамид (ДМФ) и диметилсульфоксид (ДМСО) широко используются во всем мире в различных областях благодаря своим свойствам. Данные растворители могут заменять друг друга в определенных реакциях. Дана оценка токсичности двух распространенных органических растворителей ДМФ и ДМСО для трех видов пресноводных макрофитов Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton natans. В микрокосмах были созданы концентрации поллютантов по 1,7 (17 мг/л), 5 (50 мг/л) и 10 (100 мг/л) ПДК (предельно допустимая концентрация). Инкубация продолжалась 14 дней. Инкубация происходила в условиях естественной фотопериодичности при температуре воды 3,8–13,2 °С. Экспериментальным путем получена новая информация о том, что макрофит C. demersum оказался достаточно высокочувствительным тест-объектом при воздействии ДМФ и ДМСО (гибель при 100 мг/л ДМФ и ДМСО), который можно использовать в целях биоиндикации в определенных условиях. Концентрации 17 мг/л (1,7 ПДК) и 50 мг/л (5 ПДК) ДМФ и ДМСО не оказывали воздействия на эти макрофиты. В условиях эксперимента растворители не оказали ярко выраженного токсического воздействия на E. canadensis, поэтому элодею можно рассматривать для использования в целях фиторемедиации. Дана рекомендация по установлению PNEC (прогнозируемая концентрация, не вызывающая эффекта) для пресноводных организмов в паспорте безопасности ДМФ. На основе полученных данных можно временно рекомендовать PNEC для высших водных растений (пресноводных) на уровне 17 мг/л. Для окончательного установления обоснованной величины PNEC могут понадобиться дополнительные исследования: эксперименты с использованием более длительных инкубаций. Полученные данные необходимы для развития фитотехнологий по очистке воды и паспортизации данных веществ. Выявлен ряд условий, при которых эти виды растений могут быть использованы для экотехнологий.

Organic solvents dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are used worldwide in various fields due to their properties. The toxicity of two types of organic solvents (DMF and DMSO) for three species of freshwater macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton natans was assessed. The concentrations of the tested chemicals of 1.7 (17 mg/L), 5 (50 mg/L), and 10 (100 mg/L) MAC (maximum permissible concentration) were created in the microcosms. Incubation lasted 14 days. Incubation was at a water temperature of 3.8-13.2°C. The macrophyte C. demersum turned out to be relatively more sensitive to the effects of DMF and DMSO (death at 100 mg/L DMF and DMSO), which can be used for bioindication purposes under certain conditions. Concentrations of 17 mg/L (1.7 MAC) and 50 mg/L (5 MAC) of DMF and DMSO had no effect on the aquatic organisms studied in this work. The solvents had no noticeable toxic effect on E. canadensis, so it can be considered for phytoremediation. A recommendation was made to establish a PNEC (predicted no-effect concentration) for freshwater organisms in the DMF safety data sheet. Based on the data obtained, a PNEC of 17 mg/L can be recommended for freshwater higher aquatic plants. The obtained data are necessary for the development of phytotechnologies for water purification and the certification of these substances.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.