Тhе сomparative study of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the lichens Cetraria islandica (L.) and Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.)

This article presents the results of the analysis of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the lichens Cetraria islandica and Cladonia arbuscula, depending on the treatment methods of the layers and the ratio of dilution of the dry extract with water. 40% water-ethanol extract was obtained from living parts of dried lichens collected in an ecologically clean area of Yakutia. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by spectrophotometric method, and the determination of antimicrobial activity was carried out by the disco-diffusion method in agar. The highest content of low molecular weight antioxidants was found in Cetraria islandica at the ratio of dry extract:distilled water is 1:1, and in the extract from Cladonia arbuscula - at a ratio of 1:5. At the same time, it is shown that the preliminary mechanochemical treatment of raw materials of lichen layers (particle size up to 1 mm) increases the yield of low molecular weight antioxidants by up to 50% compared with coarse grinding (particle size 2 mm). The antibacterial activity of the studied lichens was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli when diluting the dry extract with water 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5. The most significant antibacterial effect was detected in the extract of the studied lichens in a ratio of 1:1. The diameter of the bacteriostatic zone on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and E. coli under the action of the extract of Cetraria islandica was 12 ± 0.14 mm, 11± 0.12 mm and 12± 0.13 mm, respectively. Suppression of the growth zone with Cladonia arbuscula extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli was 15±0.18 mm, 12±0.20 mm and 13±0.20 mm in diameter, respectively. The results were commensurate with the action of oxacillin, but more effective than the action of penicillin, which served as a control.

lichens, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, mechanical activation, extract dilution, water-ethyl solution, antimicrobial activity, disk-diffusion method, low molecular weight antioxidants, spectrophotometric method

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