On some formulas found in samples of folklore of the Tungus, Turkic and Mongolian peoples
https://doi.org/10.25587/SVFU.2019.69.25527
Abstract
The subject of the article is the common verbal formulas that make up typical places of narration in the folklore of the Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus peoples. Formulas or relatively stable phrases expressing certain actions of the heroes of epic narratives represent a typical feature of the genres of a heroic epic and samples of a heroic fairy tale, or a heroic fairy tale, which has many common features with the epic and exists in the folklore tradition at the same time as the epic. There is a relationship of interdependence between these forms. The study aims to identify and demonstrate similarities in the epic of Yakuts and Tungus peoples (Evenki and Evens) in order to discover the main direction of the influences of epic traditions (general cultural influence of the Yakut epic on the Tungus and the local manifestations of the impact of the local Tungus epic on the Yakut epic). The compared formulas and the motifs expressed by them, common to the Yakut and Tungus epics, have clear parallels in the epic and heroic tales of the Mongolian peoples (Buryats and especially Kalmyks) and in the epic folklore of the Turkic peoples of Siberia (Tuvans, Shors, Altaians). The main object of the study are units of text: themes, motives, concepts and means of their expression. Formulas representing a particular motif or epic concept have the properties of variation (reduction, sometimes distribution); being stable units of the text content plan, these text units in their verbal design are able to show implementations of different subject codes, which creates variants of formulas without changing the structure of the epic text. In the formulas describing the path of the epic hero, the Tungus and the Yakuts use the phenological and meteorological code (the names of the seasons and weather conditions) in Kalmyks, the chronological code of the names of time periods prevails. In the formulas describing the heroic food, the main role is played by the appeal of the hero with large and small bones of eaten animals.
Keywords
folklore,
heroic epos,
heroic tale,
olonkho,
motifs,
themes,
formulas,
Turkic peoples,
Mongolian peoples,
Tungus peoples
Supporting agencies: The research was conducted with the financial support of the Russian Fund of Fundamental Research (RFFR) within the framework of a scientific project No. 18-412-140013 р_а
About the Author
А. А. Burykin
Kalmyk Scientific Center RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Burykin Alexey Alexeyevich – Doctor of Philological Sciences, Leading Researcher of Department of Folklore
Elista
References
1. Vasilevich G. M. Istoricheskij fol'klor ehvenkov. – M.-L.: Nauka, 1966. – 400 s.
2. Romanova A. V., Myreeva A. N. Fol'klor ehvenkov YAkutii. – L.: Nauka, 1971. – 331 s.
3. Meletinskij E. M. Vvedenie v istoricheskuyu poehtiku ehposa i romana. – M.: Nauka, 1986. – 318 s.
4. Burykin A. A. K problematike issledovaniya yakutsko-tungusskih svyazej v ehpose // Vestnik Severo-Vostochnogo federal'nogo universiteta imeni M. K. Ammosova: Seriya EHposovedenie. – 2018. № 2 (10). – S. 22-30.
5. Burykin A. A. Yakut-Even Folklore Correlations in Epic Genres of the Evens of Yakutia // Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7(4) (Special Issue on Area Studies. Cilt 7, Sayı 4 (2018): P.85-94.
6. EHvenkijskie geroicheskie skazaniya. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1990. – 392 s.
7. Lebedev V. D. YAzyk ehvenov YAkutii. – L.: Nauka, 1978. – 208 s.
8. Danilov E. A. Irkehnmehl, Ojinde, Mehtehleh. – YAkutsk: YAkutskij kraj, 1991. – 52 s.
9. Kyys Dehbilijeh: YAkutskij geroicheskij ehpos. – Novosibirsk: VO «Nauka», 1993. – 330 s.
10. YAkutskij geroicheskij ehpos. Moguchij EHr Sogotoh. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1996. – 440 s.
11. Govorov D. M. Nepobedimyj Myul'dzhyu Byogyo. – YAkutsk: Bichik, 2010. – Kn. 2. – 320 s.
12. Popov A. A. YAkutskij fol'klor. – M.: Sovetskij pisatel', 1936. – 321 s.
13. Taube EH. Skazki i predaniya altajskih tuvincev. – M.: Vostochnaya literatura, 1994. – 382 s.
14. Kalmyckie bogatyrskie skazki. – M.: Vostochnaya literatura, 2017.
15. Tuvinskie narodnye skazki. – M.: Nauka, 1971. – 208 s.
16. Tuvinskie geroicheskie skazaniya. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1997. – 584 s.
17. Tuvinskie narodnye skazki / Sost. M. Hadahaneh. – M.: Detskaya literatura, 1988. – 80 s.
18. Gogoleva M. T. Olonho i tuvinskie geroicheskie skazaniya // Vestnik SVFU. – 2014. – T. 11, № 4. – S. 61-69.
19. YAkovlev E. Pyat' sojotskih skazok // ZHivaya Starina. – 1902, vyp. 2. – S. 237-244.
20. Altajskie narodnye skazki. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2002. – 454 s.
21. Dyrenkova N. P. SHorskij fol'klor. – M.; L.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1940.
22. Buryatskie volshebnye skazki. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1993. – 341 s.
23. Buryatskie narodnye skazki / Sost. B.S. Dugarov. – M.: Sovremennik, 1990. – 389 s.
24. Mednovolosaya devushka. Kalmyckie narodnye skazki. Per., sost. i primech. M. Vatagina. – M.: Glavnaya redakciya vostochnoj literatury izdatel'stva «Nauka», 1964. – 272 s.
Review
For citations:
Burykin А.А. On some formulas found in samples of folklore of the Tungus, Turkic and Mongolian peoples. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. 2019;(1):70-80. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25587/SVFU.2019.69.25527
Views:
93
Email this article 