Quantitative changes in the content of phenolic compounds in leaves of Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench in Central Yakutia

Phenolic compounds are well known as antioxidant compounds and they have been causing great interest for a long time because of their positive effects on human health, for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The study of the accumulation of phenolic compounds in Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench is very relevant, due to its strong antioxidant properties. The main effect of antioxidant compounds is to delay oxidation of other molecules and inhibit the spread of oxidative chain reactions by free radicals, protecting the human body and reducing oxidative damage that can cause many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the study of these biologically active compounds is very promising due to their strong antioxidant properties and subsequent introduction of Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench into the Russian medicine. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench growing in Yakutia is little studied and there are no scientific papers on its chemical composition. The aim of the presented study is to investigate changes in accumulation of phenolic compounds in leaves of Chamaedaphne calyculata. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to collect samples, study the quantitative composition of phenolic compounds and determine which months of the year have the highest levels of the studied components. Samples were collected in Central Yakutia, in the valley of Tuymaada on the 2nd above the floodplain terrace, 14 km northwest of Yakutsk, on the shore of Lake Khomustaakh for half a year - from June to November. To study the quantitative composition of phenolic compounds, we used methods such as the Folin-Chocalteu method of quantitative determination of phenolic compounds, the method of quantitative analysis of flavonoids using aluminum chloride, the method of quantitative analysis of the sum of phenylpropanoids, the method of determination of tannins, and the method of quantitative determination of flavonoids using the specific coefficient of redemption of the dominant flavonoid. A gradual increase in the level of secondary metabolites was observed over the course of 6 months. Ultimately, the study showed that the highest content of flavonoids, phenols and phenylpropanoids was found in November, where temperatures dropped to -35º Celsius. Thus, leaves contain a large number of phenolic compounds: hydroxycinnamic acids, arbutin, proanthocyanides, catechins, myricetin, quercetin, gossipetin, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. All identified compounds in Chamaedaphne calyculata give it an advantage in surviving in harsh climatic conditions.

Chamaedaphne calyculata, Central Yakutia, cryolithozone, biologically active compounds, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, quantitative analysis, medicinal product

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