On the selectability of liquid hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions of small concentration by various adsorbents

Oil is a complex mixture of organic compounds. One liter of oil covers half a hectare of water surface film. Once in water bodies, oil adversely affects living organisms and water quality. One of the sources of water pollution by oil products is motor transport. As of January 1, 2022, there were 59.6 million registered vehicles for maintenance in the country, for which approximately 10,000 car washes were opened. With the increase in the number of cars, the number of car washes increases, and, consequently, the problems associated with the used water after washing cars, which contains about 20 mg/dm³ of petroleum products, are growing, and on average, about 200 dm3 of water are consumed for washing one car. For car washes, it is advisable to use local treatment complexes, the development of which is devoted to a large number of scientific research. Methods of wastewater treatment include chemical, biological, physicalchemical methods to reduce harmful compounds. Before supplying effluents to biofilters, they must be cleaned of small quantities of oil products by adsorption followed by filtration. Zeolite, sawdust, red clay, activated carbon, and walnut shell coal have been studied as adsorption materials for removing liquid hydrocarbons. A calculated equation for determining the content of liquid hydrocarbons in the studied aqueous solutions by the values of chemical oxygen consumption (COD) is derived. It is shown that the use of such adsorption materials as zeolite, sawdust, red clay reduces the content of liquid hydrocarbons to values that limit the use of water for economic purposes. The use of coals, including those obtained from walnut shells, allows the use of treated water for fishery needs. The studies carried out allow more active use of the adsorption phenomenon with the use of cheap and available adsorbents for local water treatment at car washes before discharging it into the general sewerage system.

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