Investigation of biological samples of children with hematuria syndrome using IR spectroscopy

The number of children with various kidney pathologies has increased significantly in recent years. The reason for this may be an unfavorable environmental situation, complications of infectious diseases, racial and genetic predispositions, etc. It is known that hematuria is one of the main symptoms of a disease of the urinary system. A large number of factors can cause hematuria, among which the most common are: mechanical injuries, microbial inflammatory processes, immunocomplex nephritis, renal vasculitis, etc. This paper deals with glomerulonephritis of renal origin, in the differential diagnosis of which a kidney biopsy is often used. Kidney biopsy is the primary method of differentiating renal disease, and although this procedure is considered safe and in most cases proceeds without critical complications, the risk of complications still remains. The list of risks arising during a kidney biopsy can include: the formation of a hematoma, infection, arteriovenous fistula as a result of needle injury to the walls of large vessels. All of the above can lead to serious complications or even death. In this regard, there is a need for the formation of new, modern and non-invasive differential diagnostic methods. Given the fact that in clinical medicine there is a growing interest in new methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention, which in particular is due to the emergence of new methods and devices that allow the study of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of biological samples at the molecular and nano levels, in this paper we investigated dry blood smears of children with hematuria syndrome with diagnoses: acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy. The smears were applied to a slide and examined by infrared spectrometry. Maxima of characteristic bands were selected for the study and maximums of the corresponding peaks of the spectrum of children with hematuria syndrome and the control group were compared, statistical processing of data using Student's t-test was carried out. As a result, a statistically significant difference in the maximum peaks between the samples studied and those of the control group was revealed. Based on the data obtained, we suppose that it is possible to create a new, noninvasive method of differential diagnostics of renal diseases.

1. Papayan, A. V. Clinical nephrology of childhood / A. V. Papayan, N. D. Savenkova. - St. Petersburg: Sotis, 1997. - 718 p.

2. Levey, A. S. et al. (2007) ‘Chronic kidney disease: common, harmful and treatable. World Kidney Day 2007’ American journal of nephrology, 27(1), pp. 108-112.

3. Potemkina, A. P. Characteristics of glomerular hematuria in children / A. P. Potemkina, T. V. Margieva, 0. V. Komarova // Pediatric pharmacology. - 2007. - 9(3). - Fp. 46-51.

4. Cameron, J. S. (1998) ‘Patient with proteinuria and/or hematuria’ Oxford Textbook of Clinical Neurology, p. 484.

5. Pikeras, A., White, R.N., Raafat, F. (1998) ‘Diagnostics of kidney biopsy in children with hematuria’ Milford pediatrics. Nephrology, 12, pp. 386-391.

6. Tryggvason, K., Patrakka, J. (2006) ‘Thin basement membrane nephropathy’ Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 17(3), pp. 813-822.

7. Blinov F. V. Acute glomerulonephritis in children: a collection of scientific papers / F. V. Blinov, M. S. Neprimerova // Fundamental and applied research in the field of natural and technical sciences. Part 1. - Belgorod, 2018. - Рp. 117-124.

8. Ismailov, I. Ya. Chronic glomerulonephritis / I. Ya. Ismailov, V. V. Skvortsov // Nurse. - 2018. - T. 20. - No. 6. - Рp. 17-20.

9. Loskutova, S.A. Acute glomerulonephritis in children - causes, course and prevention / S.A. Loskutova, E.I. Krasnova, N.A. Pekareva // Attending physician. - 2012. - No. 6. - Рp. 24-24.

10. Chronic kidney disease: problems and their solution / T. Yu. Lekhmus, E. I. Germash, R. R. Kilmetova // Bulletin of the Bashkir State Medical University. - 2014. - T. 1. - Рp. 64-72.

11. Hayashi, T. et al. (2000) ‘Cardiovascular effect of normalizing the hematocrit level during erythropoietin therapy in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure’ American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 35(2), pp. 250-256.

12. Antoniv, V. F. Gender characteristics in tumors of the ENT organs / V. F. Antoniv, V. I. Popadyuk, K. V. Efimochkina // Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series Medicine. - 2011. - No. 3. - Pp. 112-115.

13. Chizh, K. A. IgA-vasculitis: an old friend / K. A. Chizh, Yu. L. Zhuravkov, A. A. Koroleva // Military medicine. - 2016. - No. 3. - Pp. 138-141.

14. Khodzhaeva, N. N. The state of the cellular link of specific immunity in children with thalassemia / N. N. Khodzhaeva, K. I. Ismailov, F. A. Muhammadnabieva // T. 1. - 2021. - T. 7. - Рp. 395.

15. Rakhmanova, L. K. Chronic glomerulonephritis in children: a manual / L. K. Rakhmanova, B. T. Daminov, U. N. Karimova. - Tashkent, 2017.