Comparative constructions with the operator dömei in the Tuvan language

The specifics of comparative constructions of the Tuvan language are revealed by the example of the functioning of the operator dömei. Such constructions may include an auxiliary element - an operator, or a comparison module that marks the fact of comparing objects, and introduces additional shades of meaning into the construction (confidence, uncertainty, doubts, assumptions). A descriptive method was used to systematize and generalize the results of observations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time lexical units, conditioned by some external and internal conditions, are considered as comparative. To external conditions, we refer: cases, particles. Substantive components denoting representatives of fauna, flora, as well as natural phenomena are most often used as an object of comparison. The structure of the comparative construction in our work is given by the following formula: A + C + β + B, where A is the subject of speech (what is being compared), B is the input image (what is being compared with), C is the module (the attribute by which it is being compared), в is the operator (the formal indicator of comparison). As an indicator of comparison, the comparative dömei ‘similar’ is used, denoting similarity, likeness, resemblance and controlling the ablative case -bile (structural diagram: NNOM NINSTR dömei); and less often the dative case = ga (structural diagram: NNOM NDAT dömei), and structures with particles -la, -dyr, - il are also considered. As a result of the conducted research, we come to the following conclusions: Comparison is a mental ethnical-specific formation reflecting the totality of knowledge about this object expressed by various linguistic means. The comparison that each ethnic group possesses always finds its expression in language at all its levels. As a research perspective, we believe that in other languages it is possible to find not only similar Tuvan linguistic means of verbalization of the concept of comparison, but also to replenish this repertory with other comparatives.

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