Conjugation of the past categorical tense in the Yakut language

In Yakutian linguistics, starting with the work “About the language of the Yakutians”by O. N. Betlingk is customary to consider the form of the past categorical tense in the affix -t / -d, which expresses the recent past tense in comparison with the form -byt, which shows the long-past time. In the grammars of other Turkic languages, this form is designated, for the most part, as -ty (Languages of the peoples of the USSR, 1966) and is called the Past Categorical Tense. Because of this, discrepancies occur in the designation of the conjugation form. On the one hand, when the affix of time is used the -t form, it is considered that here the affix is a form of conjugation: bar-t-ym (-yng, -a / ta, -byt, -ygyt, -ylar); on the other hand, when the affix of time uses the -ty form, it is considered that a concise short form of predicate affix is used here: bar-ty-m (-en-ghe, -0, -byt, -gyt, -lar). This article is devoted to the resolution of this delicate problem in the Yakutian and Turkic linguistics. Analysis of the conjugation of participial forms of the Yakut language showed the nominal nature of the origin of the conjugated forms. Thus, the forms of conjugation are: in the present tense - the full affix of the predicate, derived from the personal pronoun, and in the past tense - the analytical affix, derived from the fusion of the form of the categorical past tense with the short affix of the predicate. The use of the predicate affix in this position confirms the presence of a narrow vowel at the end of the past tense affix. This fact indicates that the new conjugation affix is homonymous with the affix of belonging and has the meaning of the past tense and always forms a nominal predicate.

recently passed tense, Past Categorical Tense, Yakutian, Turkic languages, conjugation paradigm, predicate affix, affix affiliation, short predicate affix, nominal predicate, participle, analytical affix

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