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Expression of Meaning ‘wide’ in Words with Root Phonemes [l] and [l'] in Mongolic Languages (Phonosemantic Aspect)

https://doi.org/10.25587/u0302-8729-4682-l

Abstract

The author analyzes expression of such a basic spatial feature of the object as width in words with root consonants [l], [l'] in Mongolic languages. The relevance of the paper is related to the fact that perceptions of space indicate an understanding of the fundamental categories of human consciousness. The purpose of the work is to establish the connection between the meaning ‘wide’ and such articulatory attribute of the root phonemes [l], [l'], as the adjacency of the tongue to the palate. In order to achieve the purpose, the following tasks were set: to identify a layer of imitative words with root phonemes [l], [l'] united by the attribute ‘wide’, as well as to analyze words of basic vocabulary formed from imitative roots with this meaning. Descriptive-synchronic, comparative methods, methods of statistical analysis and meaningful interpretation of the material are used to achieve objectives. These root consonants are considered as dominants, which contain the general sign, i.e. "wide". It is revealed that the semantics of the root primarily depends on the acoustic-articulation properties of the dominating root consonant, which carries basic information on sensually perceived phenomena, with variation of vowels, as well as umlaut and auslaut (non-dominant) consonants. Main figurative meanings are composed of the semantic potential of two or three consonant root components. It is evident that the positions of the umlaut and auslaut consonants are less significant than the position of the dominant. The considered material confirmed that the same type of consonants both in umlaut, and auslaut can express the same meaning ‘wide’ (alč ↔ čal, als ↔ sal, alt ↔ tal, ald ↔ dal). The author identifies the meaning of the word ala ‘crotch’ as the meaning initial for the development of the semantic continuum ‘wide’. Tightening of the tip of the tongue to the hard sky at the moment of pronunciation of the phonemes [l] and [l'] relates to the connection of the legs. It confirms that man himself is a source of spatial orientation. The semantics of some words expanded to ‘light, unclouded’, ‘abundant’. The study highlights the paramount importance of a specific lay of figurative words of Mongolic languages for reconstruction of the meaning of words of so-called basic vocabulary.

About the Author

E. V. Sundueva
Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Sundueva E.V. Expression of Meaning ‘wide’ in Words with Root Phonemes [l] and [l'] in Mongolic Languages (Phonosemantic Aspect). Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. 2021;(2):82-90. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25587/u0302-8729-4682-l

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