National and cultural stereotypes in the works of Altai writers

In  every  literature  there  are  artists  of  the  word  who  are  distinguished  by  the  depth  of  their   penetration  into  the  spiritual  foundations  of  their  own  culture,  covering  many  genres  and  styles.  As  such  an  "epicentre"  we  have  chosen  the  polyphonic  creativity  of  the  Altai  classics  D.B.  Kainchin  (1938-2012),  A.O.  Adarov  (1932-2005),  L.V.  Kokyshev  (1933-1975)  and  E.M.  Palkin  (1934-1991).  The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the reflection of national and cultural stereotypes  in the material of their works. On the basis of the analysis of individual plots and episodes of a number  of  novels,  the  article  analyses  various  actions  and  deeds  of  the  main  and  secondary  characters.  The author examines the modification of stereotypes in the works and notes the presence of surface and deep categories of stereotypes in the novels of Altai writers on diachronic and synchronic sections. The article also characterises the cultural codes common to the literary and mythological tradition and fixed in public memory.  The  interrelation  of  national  and  cultural  codes  of  the  Altai  ethnos  and  national  and  cultural stereotypes is determined on the example of heroic deeds and actions. The artistic image of the world  of  the  Altai  people,  described  in  the  stable  elements,  codes  and  motifs  of  folk  culture,  can  be  reconstructed in its separate socio-historical slices in the context of the changing lifestyles of the ethnos (pre-revolutionary  Altai,  the  establishment  of  Soviet  power,  repressions,  the  Great  Patriotic  War,  the  post-war  period).  The  article  reveals  the  peculiarities  of  the  implementation  of  the  concept  of  "own world"/"foreign  world",  considers  the  means  of  reflection  of  ethnic  identity,  characterising  the  consciousness of the characters of the work. It is proved that in the novel the national and cultural stereotype is  a  relatively  stable  and  generalising  image,  a  set  of  cultural  values  peculiar  to  the  representatives  of the Altai ethnos is defined. The peculiarities of the functioning of national images and image-symbols in  the  novel  are  reflected,  as  well  as  the  specificity  of  the  representation  of  related  representations  in different episodes and plots. The possibility of overcoming the schematism of socialist realism, renewal of artistic forms and content in the deepening of psychologism and philosophical subtext in the works of Altai  writers is considered.

1. Safiullin YaG. Steep turns: Arabic, Latin, Cyrillic. Kazan Almanac. Kazan: Biryuza, 2017:171-180.

2. Sultanov KK. “Labyrinth of clutches”. Ethnic - national – artistic. History of national literatures. Rereading and rethinking. Moscow, 1996:150-161.

3. Gachev GD. Imminent. Accelerated Development of Literature. Moscow, 1989:113,158.

4. Kindikova NM. Creativity of D. Kainchin: the results of the last decade. Altai literature in the context of Turkic-speaking literatures of Siberia. Gorno-Altaisk, 2001:3,5-6.

5. Palkina RA. The novel in the literatures of the peoples of South Siberia. Gorno-Altaisk, 1979:123.

6. Kindikova NM. Problems of translation of national literatures. Mutual translation of national literatures: preservation of ethno-cultural features. Gorno-Altaisk, 2014:9.

7. Amineva VR. Comparative genrology: methods of research. In: Proceedings of the International scientific conference “Literature and artistic culture of Turkic peoples in the context of East - West”. Kazan: Artifact, 2018:303-309.

8. Nikolyukin AN. (ed.) Literary encyclopedia of terms and concepts. Moscow: Intelvak, 2001:107.

9. Gachev GD. Cosmo-Psycho-Logos. Moscow: Akademichesky Prospect, 2007:278.

10. Kainchin DB. Ӱstibiste Ӱch-Sӱmer. Gorno-Altaisk, 2003:494. (in Altai)

11. Potapov LP. Altai shamanism. Leningrad: Nauka, 1991:321.

12. Kokyshev LV. Arina. Gorno-Altaisk, 1959:239.

13. Kokyshev LV. Mechin dyldys. Gorno-Altaisk, 1971:294. (in Altai)

14. Palkin EM. Bichigeneer djakshy, Erte! Gorno-Altaisk, 1978:324. (in Altai)

15. Adarov AO. Ӧlӱmniҥ chaҥkyr kuzhy. Gorno-Altaisk, 1993:469. (in Altai)