The Life and Work of F. M. Dostoevsky in Context Hermeneutic Triangle

The article proposes an approach based on the hermeneutic triangle supplemented by a phenomenological substantiation of the limits of identification, communication, rhythms of world harmony, which corresponds to the ideas about the coordinate system of the world based on the dynamic equilibria developed in our previous works. These limits are simultaneously considered for the author of the text and the reader (the reader’s expectations). The approach based on the hermeneutic triangle: “author, text, reader,” in our opinion, has the greatest prospects in the study of Russian classical literature. The approach involves the active interaction of the elements of the triangle, as well as related phenomena and horizons. In this process, from the code laid down by the author in the text, thanks to the efforts of the reader, a work is born. In this work, we consider only the philological aspects of Dostoevsky's work, while in domestic criticism much attention was paid to his civic position and religious and philosophical views. In identification, Dostoevsky constantly emphasizes the desire to express himself at all costs, although often one-sidedly. The identification of the person was most clearly expressed by his "underground man", who seeks at all costs to express his own "I". However, Dostoevsky does not merge with the accuser-hero, and in some ways, on the contrary, convicts him and contrasts his worldview with his own. Communication is determined by the created Dostoevsky systems that characterize his novels. A distorted consciousness created by an unhappy suffering person dominates in this flawed gloomy world. Here, love takes ugly forms; rare animals appearing near a person are abnormal, etc. Dostoevsky’s rhythms are determined by his expressive style, the creation of borderline situations. Despite all the flawed scenery, the rhythms of his works are focused on the sublime, on beauty, on all the best that can be in a person. In addition, the work uses the hermeneutic approach of M. Heidegger dividing the meanings into the meanings of “world” and “earth”. The main insights of Dostoevsky are the ontological depth of evil in man, the comprehensive disclosure of personality, the harmony of the symphony of the voices of his heroes.

author, reader, text, identification, personality, inferiority of the world of heroes, orientation to ideals, polyphony, rhythm, expression

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