Ethnopoetics of the Mountain’s image in the poetry of the founders of Tuvan literature

Identifying the ethnopoetic specifics of artistic expression is essential when studying the literature of the peoples of the Russian Federation to understand their unique development patterns in the 20th century and to develop a new concept within the overall context of traditional culture in the era of modernization. Therefore, it is important to explore the problem of ethnopoetics in the works of the founders of national literature as a factor determining the distinctiveness of their artistic thinking and style, as well as the ideological and artistic structure of their works. The purpose of this study is to examine the symbolic image of the Mountain, which represents the ethnopoetic foundation of the artistic world in the poetry of the founders of Tuvan literature. This article examines the poetic works of Stepan Saryg-ool, Sergei Purbyu, Salchak Tamba, and Vasily Erenchin. The beginning of these writers' creative quests coincided with the formation, consolidation, and development of the new socialist system, a time of radical upheaval in the traditional life of the Tuvans – primordially nomadic people. The art of written language in Tuva developed in the context of the emergence of a new social system and the modernization of all spheres of life. This work employs comparative-historical and structural-semiotic methods, while also employing an intertextual approach to provide a holistic presentation of the ethnic model of the world and its transformation in poetry. The founders of Tuvan literature began writing during the atheist era, yet despite this, they managed to subtly express in their works the golden nuggets of national reality, the ethnic way of life, and the people's centuries-old experience. This national worldview is vividly expressed in poems dedicated to the poets' Native Land. The ethnopoetic image of the Mountain in Tuvan poetry is largely a symbol of rebirth, vitality, and maternalism. When creating the symbol of the mountain, writers often draw on folklore and mythology ingrained in their memories.

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