Groups of ethnographic realities and their artistic translation into Russian (on the material of works of V. S. Yakovlev-Dalan "Tygyn Darhan", P. A. Oyunsky "Great Kudangsa")

At present, the problems of cultural relations and the preservation of cultural diversity are of great interest to modern society. And, undoubtedly, the repository of cultural values of the people is their language, which calls objects of reality, based on historical experience, living conditions of ethnos, cultural traditions and religion. It is the units of language that allow you to understand, learn the national images of different peoples. Translation as a kind of spiritual activity of man has always played an essential role in history, development, promotion of culture of individual peoples and world culture as a whole. In the history of Yakut-Russian translation there is a large number of translated texts reflecting the national character. But nevertheless theoretical developments began to appear only at the end of the 20 century and at the beginning of the 21 century. The main problem of translation is the transfer of non-equivalent vocabulary, which is practically non-translatable. In modern translation theory bezekvivalentny lexicon is defined as lexical units, calling the objects characteristic of life (life, culture, social and historical development) one people and alien to another. Translation of this layer of vocabulary plays a major role in the implementation of intercultural communication in the modern world and requires the translator to keep the local colour of the original as much as possible. The aim of the study is to identify and classify ethnographic realities of Yakut epic works, to determine ways of their translation. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set and solved: familiarization with the basic concepts, requirements of the general theory of translation; classification of realities extracted from the works of V. S. Yakovlev-Dalan "Tygyn Darhan," P. A. Oyunsky "Great Kudangsa"; Identification and analysis of ways of translation of ethnographic realities from Yakut into Russian; Summary of performance. The material for this study was provided by examples of ethnographic realities extracted from the works of V. S. Jakovlev-Dalan "Tygyn Darhan" and the text of the translation by A. Saposhnikov, P. A. Oyunsky "Great Kudangsa" and the Russian translation by A. Borisovoy. In developing the proposed study, the following methods were used: the continuous sampling method revealed examples from the study material for analysis; Descriptive method - to highlight and describe ethnographic realities in epic works, to study their transmission into Russian; Comparative method allowed to identify common and distinctive properties and characteristics between Yakut and Russian language forms, translation matches, equivalents. During the research are allocated and analysed 181 examples of ethnographic realities: realities describing life and mores: traditional food (26), utensils, utensils (25), home, home accessories (18), traditional clothing (15), jewellery (5), transport (4); cultural realities, art: faith, tradition, customs (30), national games (12), folklore (5), musical instrument (3), time, calendar (3); labour: tools (10), farming (9), people of labor (3); ethnonyms (13). Realities show the original culture of the Saha people, which the translator, as a link between the author and the reader, must convey fully. In the works "Tygyn Darhan," Great Kudangsa "realities are translated by transcription, like, generalization, description. The essence of realities convey in detail the ways of description and transcription.

intercultural communication, ethnographic realities, culture, groups of realities, life and mores, work, culture and art, ethnic objects, artistic translation, methods of translation

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