In 2020, staff and students from the Botany Laboratory at the Institute of Natural Sciences began inventorying the vascular plant collection at the A.A. Makarov Herbarium of North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU) and creating an electronic catalog. This article presents information on the collection of the genus Thymus L. in the NEFU Herbarium. The genus Thymus is one of the largest and taxonomically complex in the family Lamiaceae Martinov. The aim of this study is to inventory and critically revise the genus Thymus L. in the NEFU Herbarium collection. Herbarium specimens served as the basis for this work. Based on the results of the inventory of the genus Thymus, an electronic catalog was compiled containing all herbarium label data and georeferencing. In total, the genus Thymus is represented in the Herbarium's main collection by 33 specimens, collected from the 1950-1980s from various regions of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). In subsequent years, thyme collections were conducted by staff and students of the Biology Department of the NEFU Institute of Natural Sciences during educational field trips (in the Khangalassky and Namsky districts of Central Yakutia), which are used in educational work. The collections included specimens whose taxa were listed according to the nomenclatural rules of the 1940-1950s. Consequently, a critical revision of all specimens was conducted. 10 species were identified: Thymus bituminosus, T. brevipetiolatus, T. diversifolius, T. extremus, T. iljinii, T. jurtzevii, T. karavaevii, T. mongolicus s. str., T. sibiricus, and T. tonsilis. As a result of the collection revision, 2 type specimens (isotype) were discovered of Thymus jurtzevii Vasjukov. The staff and students of the botany laboratory at the Institute of Natural Sciences continue to inventory and compile an electronic catalog of the vascular plant of the A.A. Makarov Herbarium collection.

This article presents the results of a study examining the response of light coniferous trees, dominant in the taiga biome of Central Yakutia, to air pollution in the vicinity of the Yakutsk municipal solid waste landfill (6 km of the Vilyuy highway). Scots pine and Cajander larch, growing near the municipal landfill, were selected as test specimens. The sensitivity of woody plants to air pollution was assessed using lateral shoot growth. The aim of the study was to evaluate the response of Scots pine and Cajander larch to air pollution caused by the municipal landfill. To this end, lateral branch growth was measured over a 15-20-year period at various distances from the landfill. The conducted studies showed that the average lateral shoot growth of Scots pine gradually increased by 8.7% with distance from the landfill, from 6.01±0.35 to 6.91±0.33 cm. For Cajander larch, growth showed a trend of increasing by almost 12%, from 5.93±0.20 to 7.11±0.20. Thus, instrumental analysis demonstrated that lateral shoot growth significantly increases with distance from the landfill for both tree species. This highly likely indicates a negative impact of the Yakutsk municipal solid waste landfill on the growth of trees in nearby forests. The obtained results also confirm the effectiveness of the chosen phytoindication method based on annual tree growth. Its advantages include its retrospective nature, simplicity, clarity, and speed of data collection, low invasiveness for trees, and the ability to easily formalize and interpret the obtained data.

In the context of modern climate change and anthropogenic soil pollution, the study of the mechanisms of stress resistance of agricultural crops is an urgent task. The purpose of this study was a comprehensive analysis of the reactions of the antioxidant system of barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.) to the effects of key abiotic stressors: drought, low (4 °C) and high (35 °C) temperatures, as well as the toxic effects of copper sulfate (cuso₄). The work assessed physiological and biochemical parameters, including the concentration of low molecular weight antioxidants (NMAO), peroxidase activity and the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of oxidative damage to lipids. It has been established that different stresses induce qualitatively different responses of the antioxidant system. Drought caused a sharp (more than 5-fold) increase in the NMAO pool, while heat shock led to its depletion (at least 9.9 micrograms/g·eq) and a compensatory increase in peroxidase activity (up to 83.2 micromol/ min·g), which was combined with a maximum level of MDA (3.1 micrograms/g). Cold stress and low doses of copper activated both protective links, while high concentrations of CUSO₄ caused decompensation with suppression of enzymatic activity. It has been shown that the most profound cell damage is associated with heat stress and copper toxicosis, which disrupt antioxidant protection. Based on the calculated coefficients (K1=NMAO/MDA, K2=Peroxidase/ The dominant protection strategies have been identified: non—enzymatic - in case of drought and enzymatic — in case of temperature shocks. The results of the work are important for predicting the stability of cereals in adverse conditions.

Anthocyanins, a large class of organic compounds comprising plant polyphenols, are naturally occurring pigments. In plants, anthocyanins have been shown to exert a positive influence, enhancing drought and frost resistance, promoting pollination through vibrant floral coloration, and bolstering resistance to diverse diseases. Plant pigments, anthocyanins, have continued to be a great interest because of their safety and practical benefits in improving human health. In this study, anthocyanin solutions were prepared from red cabbage, blue violet flowers, blueberry skins, and viburnum berry juice. Specific conditions for the preparation of these solutions were selected and described. Notably, a solution can be readily prepared by combining 30-60 g of finely chopped red cabbage with 100 ml of boiling distilled water; the resulting solution is ready for research purposes after cooling to room temperature. The study also defines the quantity of anthocyanin solutions for change in color. It has been determined that as little as six drops of anthocyanin solutions introduced into 15 ml of the tested solutions is sufficient. The influence of various factors on the change in the color intensity of anthocyanin solutions was investigated by observing the change in the optical density of the studied solutions using a blue light filter with a wavelength of 415 nm. It has been established that the optical density of anthocyanin solutions in acidic and alkaline increases in comparison with a neutral medium, and in an alkaline medium there is also a change in the color of the studied solutions. In contrast to the solution obtained from the juice of viburnum berries, a similar regularity of changes in optical density from the reaction of the medium of anthocyanin solutions obtained from red cabbage, blue violet flowers, and blueberry berries was observed. It was shown that under equal conditions, the intensity of the color of the studied solutions increases with an increase in the number of anthocyanin solutions applied. It has been established that the change in the intensity of the color of anthocyanin solutions is not affected by the basicity of acids or ultraviolet irradiation for 3 hours. The possibility of using anthocyanin solutions from red cabbage and blueberry skin as coloring pigments for dyeing genuine leather, cotton and woolen threads, and moss has been investigated. It was revealed that the deepest coloration of the samples is observed when staining with solutions from the skin of blueberries. As is well know, anthocyanin solutions are good antioxidants; therefore, the introduction of red cabbage or blueberry skin solutions into foods, such as milk or sour cream, undoubtedly increases the nutritional value of the products consumed. Good compatibility of anthocyanin solutions with milk and sour cream has been shown. The introduction of small amounts of citric acid or baking soda into anthocyanin solutions makes it possible to obtain dairy products with different intensities of color. To reduce the effect of dilution of milk when adding a solution of anthocyanins from red cabbage, it is proposed to pour boiling milk over finely chopped red cabbage. Multicolored jelly from dairy products with anthocyanin solutions could be obtained. An increase in antioxidants components may also occur.

Maintaining air quality and a comfortable indoor microclimate is ensured by HVAC systems, however, their operation is associated with substantial energy consumption, particularly during the cold season, when heating the supply air may double the total heating costs. One of the most promising technologies for significantly improving building operation efficiency and reducing energy expenditures required to maintain comfortable climatic conditions is the use of ventilation systems with heat recuperation, which enable the return of thermal energy from exhaust air back into the premises through heat exchangers. The objective of the present study is to enhance the efficiency of heat transfer in a ventilation system with heat recuperation by means of structural modernization through the integration of additional plates that intensify the turbulent flow regime of the heat-transfer medium. To achieve this objective, an accurate computational model was developed, based on the numerical solution of the Reynolds equations of motion and the application of the standard k-ε turbulence model. The study revealed that the efficiency of heat recuperation can be increased by adding additional plates to the system that induce turbulence in the airflow. The optimization of the recuperator’s design was carried out using the coordinate descent method. Patterns of variation in the following parameters were identified: separation line configuration, pressure loss, heat transfer coefficient, and Reynolds number depending on the geometric dimensions of the plates. The optimal dimensionless ratios are: l/d = 7, h/d = 0.6, δ/d = 0.1. Expressions have been obtained for calculating the heat transfer coefficient and pressure loss when using plates in the recuperator. The results obtained are of practical value for the design of supply and exhaust ventilation systems with heat recuperation

A comprehensive study was carried out by numerical (mathematical) and simulation (computer) modeling of the discharge process of a capacitor bank through a sample in the form of a copper wire in an installation for studying the effect of electroplasticity. The electroplastic effect is a phenomenon in which the yield strength decreases under the influence of electric current. A patented installation for studying the effect of electroplasticity is presented. The first results performed at this installation have been obtained, which relate to comparing the degree of influence of the electroplasticity effect on copper and aluminum samples. Due to the higher electrical conductivity and lower skin effect of the copper samples, the effect of electroplastic deformation in them was more evident, as a result of which it was decided to begin more detailed studies with samples in the form of copper wire. Differential equations describing the current curves obtained when a charged battery of capacitors is discharged through a sample in the form of a copper wire without taking into account changes in the internal structure of the samples are given. Using the least squares method and the discrete Fourier transform, the inductance and resistance parameters of the entire system were estimated, respectively. The total capacity of the capacitor bank is determined numerically, with an error of no more than 2%. Two identical simulation models have been developed for the calculated parameters in the MatLab software package and the SimInTech environment, consisting of RLC elements connected in series, measuring units (ammeter and voltmeter) and oscilloscopes. The simulation results are compared with the current curve obtained during field tests under the same initial conditions. Conclusions are drawn about the almost complete prediction by both models of parameters such as the peak current value and pulse length within the error limits of the measuring equipment.

This paper explores the modeling of stationary and oscillating discrete breathers in a biatomic crystal of the CsCl type with interatomic interactions described by the β-FPUT potential using molecular dynamics methods. Discrete breathers (DBs) are spatially localized oscillations of particles in defect-free nonlinear chains that can exist only in discrete media and nonlinear systems. Ordered CsCl-type structures belong to crystals with a body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice, the nonlinear dynamics of which have recently attracted considerable interest and attention from researchers. The history of the discovery and evolution of research into DBs and delocalized nonlinear vibrational modes (DNVMs) is presented. Growing interest in the study of mobile DBs capable of transferring energy across the crystal lattice is demonstrated. A computational cell for a bcc crystal with a CsCl structure is depicted, where the case of a large difference in the atomic masses of the components is analyzed. The DNVM and its frequency response are shown, where a gap appears in the phonon spectrum of the crystal. The frequency response of a discrete breather with a hard type of nonlinearity is presented, numerically found in the gap of the phonon spectrum by applying the localization function to the DNVM. This function has the form of a hyperbolic cosine, which allows the discrete breather frequency to deviate from the lower boundary of the phonon spectrum with increasing amplitude. Molecular dynamics simulations in the LAMMPS package resulted in discrete breathers centered on an atom and between two adjacent heavy atoms. Their motions are shown, where the atoms of the heavy sublattice move with much larger amplitudes than the light atoms. Finally, the time dependences of a stationary discrete breather centered on an atom and of discrete breathers oscillating near this configuration are shown. The possibility of the existence of discrete breathers only with an oscillation amplitude greater than 0.2 of the interatomic distance is noted.

This paper presents analysis of photographs of noctilucent clouds taken on June 30, 2021, over the central part of Yakutia. They were distinguished by their brightness and shape in the form of blurred elongated parallel stripes of haze and many clear waves perpendicular to them. These waves on the clouds demonstrate a "trace" from the propagation of internal gravity waves from the lower layers of the atmosphere to the upper ones. The conditions for the formation and observation of noctilucent clouds are described. Based on Aura MLS satellite data on moisture content and mesopause temperature, the freezing temperature of water vapor was calculated. The increasing frequency of detection of noctilucent clouds is associated with an increase in the concentration of methane in the atmosphere. One of the powerful sources of greenhouse gas emissions is biomass combustion. In the summer of 2021 in Yakutia, extremely strong forest fires were observed over the past four decades. This is evidenced by the active fire data from MODIS and VIIRS sensors. The question arose: "Do emissions from severe fires affect the formation of noctilucent clouds?" For this purpose, methane concentration distribution maps were constructed based on AIRS data, with wind fields from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. A strong anticyclone at the end of July 2021 contributed to intensification of forest fires and significant increase in the methane content in the atmosphere in central Yakutia. Such meteorological conditions and the propagation of internal gravity waves could have affected the vertical transport of methane molecules, which likely were transformed into water molecules during chemical reactions in the stratosphere. An increase in the moisture content of the mesosphere could have been one of the components of the cause of the formation of bright noctilucent clouds on June 30, 2021.

The article presents a comprehensive linguistic analysis of the representation of the archetypal "Friend/Enemy" dichotomy in Somerset Maugham's short story "A Friend In Need" through the prism of lexico-semantic fields and thematic-rhematic coherence. The relevance of the research is due to the growing interest in the study of cognitive and archetypal foundations of discourse, as well as the need to expand the methodological tools of text linguistics in the analysis of deep semantic structures. The problem of the work is related to the paradoxical combination of outwardly friendly behavior and deep hostility in the text of the story, which creates the effect of cognitive dissonance. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the linguistic mechanisms of representation of this dichotomy through a system of interacting lexico-semantic fields and the features of thematic progression. The methodology is based on an integrated approach combining methods of component, contextual and distributive analysis with elements of discourse analysis. As a result of the study, the complex structure of the interpenetrating lexical and semantic fields "Friendship" and "Hostility" was revealed, the features of the thematic-rhematic progression with a gradual shift in focus from external characteristics to hidden motives were identified, stylistic techniques (irony, antithesis, euphemisms) that enhance the contrast between the external benevolence and internal hostility of the protagonist were analyzed. Special attention is paid to the final dialogue, which destroys the thematic-rhematic coherence of the text. The prospects of the research are related to the expansion of the analysis to other texts of S. Maugham's short stories in order to identify systemic linguistic mechanisms of representation of archetypal dichotomies, as well as to the development of an integrative methodology for the analysis of archetypal concepts in artistic discourse.

This article examines the Yakut toyuk of the Vilyui regional tradition. The authors identify the main criteria for the transmission of the Yakut toyuk within this tradition. The first criterion of tradition is identified as the continuity of the Vilyui regional song tradition, which lies in the oral transmission of the toyuk performance. The second criterion is the system of imagery in the Vilyui toyuk. One of the central images in the toyuk of the Vilyui regional tradition is the image of the girl Suokhaldyiya Tolbonnookh (The Luminous). The third criterion of the Vilyui regional tradition is defined as the compositional and stylistic system. It consists of three parts: an introductory beginning, a main part, and a concluding part. The poetics of the Vilyui toyuks  are characterized by epithets of complex structure–extended and layered epithets. The fourth criterion of the Vilyui regional tradition is a specific singing style – eten yllyyr (literally: singing by pronouncing the words). Musicologists such as E. E. Alekseev, G. G. Alekseeva, A. S. Larionova, and others emphasize this stylistic feature as being unique to the Vilyui song tradition. In the process of mastering continuity, an interaction occurs between the old and new traditions, whereby the new tradition is built upon the foundation of the old one. The transmission and preservation of the Vilyui regional tradition of the Yakut toyuk lie in the actualization of its continuity, its system of imagery, and its compositional and stylistic features.

This article investigates the verbalization of the image of “Khaya” (‘mountain’) in the linguistic consciousness of Yakut language speakers residing in the Abyysky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The relevance of the study is determined by the need to document and preserve the linguistic heritage of Arctic indigenous peoples, whose worldviews assign a central role to sacred landscape concepts. The aim of the research is to identify the specifics of the mental representation of the mountain image within an ethnolocal group of northern Yakuts through the analysis and comparison of data from an associative experiment. The empirical basis comprises the results of an associative experiment conducted by the author in 2025 in the village of Kuberganya of the Abyysky District (n=32), alongside materials from the Associative Dictionary of the Yakut Language (2005-2010) for comparative analysis. The study employed interpretive analysis of responses, classified according to the type of associative links (similarity/ contiguity). The findings reveal the dominance of a spatial code in the perception of the concept. The key feature is verticality (the frequent response “ürdük” – ‘high’ - 32%), which actualizes the image of the mountain as a spatial dominant, an obstacle, and an object to be overcome. A unique thematic emphasis on the North (“khaar” – ‘snow’, “khotu doidu” – ‘North’) was identified among the Abyy respondents, reflecting the influence of the natural and climatic context. It was established that the associative field of the stimulus is predominantly syntagmatic in nature (74%) and also contains singular responses that reveal the polysemy of the lexeme ‘khaya’. The study demonstrates that, despite the polysemous nature of the concept, its actual content in the speakers' consciousness is determined by both the cultural-historical background and direct life experience within a specific natural environment. The obtained results underscore the value of local studies for a comprehensive understanding of the Yakut people's linguistic worldview and can be utilized in further comparative and diachronic research on the Yakut language's conceptual sphere.

The significance of the research is related to the development and application of the cognitive-semantic approach to epithetation. The novelty of the research consists of the fact that epithetation is considered as one of the leading mechanisms of metaphor formation in the Tsvetaeva’s idiolect. In this article our purpose is to describe the directions of epithetation of the concept "life" in the M. Tsvetaeva’s poetic texts. For this purpose, it is necessary to explain the following main tasks: to characterize epithetation as a cognitive process, to identify the main directions of epithetation of the concept "life" based on the M. Tsvetaeva’s poetic texts, to determine the specifics of the epithetation of life in her works. This research is based on the combination of cognitive methods of analyzing linguistic facts – cognitivesemantic, blending and lexical-semantic – component, lexicographic; the method of quantitative analysis of linguistic data is also used. The involvement of lexicographic sources, including data from The Russian National Corpus, makes it possible to compare the speech and author's use of attributive words with the concept under consideration, as well as to determine the interrelations of the concept of "life" with semantically close concepts and the antonym "death". The comprehension of concept "life" in the M. Tsvetaeva’s poetic texts is an existential, creative problem; earthly life is understood as imperfect and is contrasted with death, the future life. To fully describe the concept, attributes with the root alive-/life-, which are endowed with objects of the external world, were used. The transience and sinfulness of life provoke the poet to think about suicide, life after death. It is proved that that the specificity of the epithetation of concept "life" is based on the associative similarity of this abstract concept and the human body, natural objects, artifacts. The leading direction of the epithetation of concept "life" is anthropomorphic: life appears in the form of an actor, a subject. 

The article attempts to clarify the typology of female images in the stories of I.S. Turgenev of the 1850-1860s using the material of such works as "The Calm" (1854), "Correspondence" (1856), "Faust" (1856), "Asya" (1857), "First Love" (1860), "Unhappy" (1868), "Ghosts" (1864), "Strange Story" (1869), which are the most representative from the point of view of solving the problem posed. The relevance of the article is determined, firstly, by the fact that literary scholars still primarily focus on the writer’s novels, while his stories remain somewhat on the periphery; secondly, the need for a more in-depth and comprehensive study of the stories of the period in question; thirdly, the importance of a detailed development of female characters and an attempt to classify them. The purpose of the article: to identify the unique typology of female images in the stories of I.S. Turgenev of the 1850-1860s. Research objectives: 1) to determine how the facts of the writer’s biography, the changing position of women in the socio-cultural life of Russia in the second half of the 19th century, and the features of the structure of female characters in Russian literature of the period influenced the system of female heroines in Turgenev’s works; 2) identify different types of female images and their characteristic features, methods of creation; 3) study the significance of the system of female images in the writer’s stories. To achieve the stated goals and objectives, a specific historical research method is used, which allows us to correlate the nature of female images in Turgenev's works with the rethinking of the role of women in society and the associated transformation of female images in the literature of the period under study. The study identified the following types of female characters: a pure, sublime, spiritual "Turgenev girl", socially active, independently thinking, striving to determine the place of women in the society of her time, a "new woman", a unique, lonely, "strange girl" who stands out from her surroundings, a strong-willed, powerful, conquering men's hearts, possessing an irrational nature, a "demonic woman". Turgenev creates a whole palette of female images, a detailed study of which contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics of female characters, their place in the poetics of the writer and in the literary process of the era.

The purpose of the study is to identify aggressive speech tactics in the sports discourse of football fans, as well as to determine their linguistic explication based on scientific articles from online versions of Chinese publications. In the article, using the example of statements by researchers of Chinese linguoculture taken from online articles, the means of implementing verbal aggression in the discourse of Chinese football fans are studied. Lexical representation of metaphorical understanding of human appearance through animalistic images in a comparative aspect. The authors present a scientific comparative linguistic study of social and cultural factors of verbal aggression from the standpoint of sciences studying human behavior and mental processes, which also provides an opportunity to systematize the features of socio-cultural processes in the light of support for culture as a whole. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the consideration of the means of hidden and overt manifestations of speech verbal aggression in the discourse of subcultures of Chinese football fans. As a result of the study, it was established that verbal aggression in the discourse of football fans is carried out implicitly and explicitly to implement an intentional and unintentional perlocutionary effect. Speech aggression of representatives of the subcultural group of football fans is a priori diverse. The ambiguous nature of its manifestation gives rise to a plurality of forms of aggressive expressions. A prospect for further research in this area is the comparison of linguistic markers and tactics of verbal aggression in different languages (for example, Russian and Chinese), identifying the specific features characteristic of representatives of these linguacultural communities.

This article is devoted to a linguistic analysis of phonetic dialectisms in the poetry of P. A. Oyunsky, the founder of Yakut literature. The study of phonetic dialectisms in the language of P. A. Oyunsky's poetry is of significant scientific interest in the context of studying the development of the Yakut literary language. Despite the fundamental role of Oyunsky's work in shaping literary norms, a systematic linguistic analysis of the dialectal basis of his poetic language has remained insufficiently developed. The relevance of this study stems from the need to study the dialectal basis of literary texts to understand the development of the Yakut literary language and preserve its cultural heritage. The aim of this work is to identify, systematize, and linguistically interpret phonetic dialectisms in P. A. Oyunsky's poetry as elements of his artistic system and markers of a specific dialect zone. The material for this study is a corpus of poetic texts from the first volume of the writer's collected works (1992). The study utilized a combination of linguistic analysis methods, including continuous sampling, descriptive and comparative methods for identifying and classifying dialect forms, and functional analysis to determine their role in the artistic structure of the text. The study identified and classified the main types of phonetic dialectisms: vowel correspondences (ao: дайды /дойду), consonants (б~м, с~Һ, т~д, р~ч, р~т: убайар/умайар, дуусатын/дууһатын), and diphthongs (ээ~үө, өө~үө:мөҕүрүөтүн / мөҕүрээтин). It was established that these elements perform not only nominative but also crucial stylistic functions in the poetic text (creating national flavor, rhythmic and melodic organization, and expression), shaping the author's unique idiostyle. The preservation of archaic diphthongs makes P. A. Oyunsky's poetry a valuable source for the historical phonetics of the Yakut language. The results of this study are of interest to specialists in dialectology, the history of literary language, and the work of P. A. Oyunsky.

The article is devoted to the study of constructions with references to flowers (floronyms) in A.A. Akhmatova's lyrics. The frequency of usage of phytonyms' nominations, including their specific case – designations for flowering plants, is systematized. The peculiarities of linguistic representation of natural vocabulary are investigated. The main aspects of floronyms functioning are highlighted: reconstruction of a real landscape with elements of psychological extrapolation of characters’ feelings ("psychological landscape"), interpretation of cultural concepts related to flowers (so-called “floriography”, language of flowers), biographical and literary-critical elements in constructions using floronyms. Groups of phytonyms are differentiated according to their semantic and semiotic significance in the artistic worldview of A.A. Akhmatova, which allows relatively accurately reconstructing her individual authorial model of the artistic world that uses names of flowers and other plants, identifying the main trends in the use of floronyms in poetic texts taking into account the level of metaphorization processes and recreation of the "psychological landscape," transmitting feelings and emotions of characters through plant naming in poetic discourse. Cases of variable context naming of particular flora species are generalized, emphasizing unique personal preferences of the author regarding choice of specific denominations from the plant world. Special attention is paid to symbolic content of flower images in Akhmatova’s work, their role in shaping aesthetic space of her poetry, connection between natural motives and emotional state of lyrical heroes as well as autobiographical aspects of poetess’ creativity. Characteristic techniques of image creation built on interaction between natural and psychological components in Akhmatova's poetics are analyzed. The role of floronyms as significant elements of expressiveness and cultural memory underlining uniqueness of Anna Akhmatova's individual creative style is emphasized.

The article is devoted to the analysis of names of settlements of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), formed from hydronyms and hydrogeographic terms. Russian Russian linguists are interested in such a stratum of the Russian toponymic system as the regional oikonymicon, which includes and has been consolidated as proper names, in addition to Russian proper names, the names of water bodies and hydrogeographic terms in the languages of the peoples living in the territory (Yakut, Even, Evenki, Yukaghir). In this regard, the aim of the work was to determine the role of hydronyms and hydrogeographic terms in the formation of names of settlements in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as the names of administrative units – districts and uluses (of which 73.5% of the names were derived from hydronyms). As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that the names of almost all major rivers of Yakutia, as well as lakes, are used in the formation of oikonyms through transonymization, which is associated with the economic and cultural activities of the peoples living in the republic. Using a continuous sampling method from the "Dictionary of Toponyms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): settlements, villages, uluses, districts" it was revealed that out of 694 oikonyms, 56 names contain a direct reference to the geographical term "river", "lake", "stream", "swamp", etc. in various languages (Russian, Yakut, Even, Evenki, Yukaghir). It has been established that the most frequent among the oikonyms of the region are those formed from the appellatives kuel (yak. kuol "lake"), "river" (from yak. ureh), Topological bases are also involved in the formation of names of settlements–allegorical names of water bodies (Yakut ebe ’grandmother', Yukaghir abuchie 'grandmother, grandmother'), which may indicate the cultural traditions of the peoples.

This article presents a typological study of prototypical objects for basic color terms (‘black’, ‘white’, ‘red’, ‘yellow’, ‘blue’, ‘green’) across structurally and genetically diverse languages – Sakha, Russian, Finnish, and Italian. The relevance of this research stems from the need to investigate the relationship between linguistic mechanisms of color naming and cultural-ecological factors, particularly for Sakha, whose system of color terms remains understudied. We aim to identify both universal and culture-specific prototypical objects. The core concept of the research is “prototypical object” – a cultural-cognitive referent that serves as a benchmark for representing a color feature in language. For Sakha, prototypical objects were identified through etymological analysis, dictionary definitions, and denotative attributes, while data for the other languages were drawn from available sources. Sixty-three prototypes were classified into thematic groups (artifacts, body parts, pyrogenic objects, food, objects of nature) and analyzed quantitatively to determine predominant color naming sources. The results reveal a nature-centric orientation – natural objects constitute 50,8% of all prototypes. Such objects as ‘coal’ for black, ‘snow’ and ‘milk’ for white, ‘blood’ and ‘strawberry’ for red, ‘grass’ for green, and ‘sky’ for blue were identified as universal. We also establish a correlation between environmental conditions, types of economic systems, and the prototypical objects: the hunting-adaptive type (Sakha), the nature-agrarian type (Russian and Finnish), and the gastronomic-aesthetic type (Italian). Whereas northern hunting cultures demonstrate ecological determinism through adaptation to extreme climates, Italian culture exhibits gastronomic-aesthetic orientation shaped by favorable Mediterranean environment.

A study of complex sentences containing comparative predicative combinations has been carried out on the base of Shor, the language of a Siberian indigenous people belonging to the Turkic group. The aim of the work is a systematic presentation of the Shor polypredicative comparative constructions in order to fill the gap. To single out complex sentences with a comparative predicative part in them from the Shor texts, to define the semantic function of the comparative part, to systematize the material in the form of patterns have been the current tasks. Structural, semantic and functional analysis served as the main research method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive coverage of the problem of syntactic comparativity. The Shor polypredicative comparative constructions are implemented as simile constructions and collation constructions. These ones fulfill different communicative tasks and are embodied in certain patterns. As a result of the structural and semantic classification of the stock of complex sentences in the Shor language, sentence patterns with a comparative component have been identified, the structural patterns of which form a syntactic paradigm. As for a research prespective the resulting patterns can serve as the basis for a section of the Turkic comparative syntax. The results of the study are of practical importance for the development of the Shor literary language, the systems of which are under codification. The patterns of polypredicative constructions identified in the Shor language can be included in the general fund of comparative structure patterns to represent specific language features.

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the cognitive nature of metaphor in scientific discourse, namely its role in the study of artificial intelligence (AI), which is especially relevant in a situation of rapid development of AI and the expansion of its fields of application. Researchers at various levels have not unreasonably noted that cognitive metaphor is used to describe AI in texts of various genres, from fiction to science; however, most large-scale research in this field focuses on the description of AI in the media and popular culture. In this article, we decided to consider cognitive metaphors that are used in describing AI in scientific discourse, and find out what functions metaphorical models perform not only in describing complex AI concepts, but also in their cognitive processing, conceptualization, and determining the vector of scientific thought development. The purpose of this study is to identify the main cognitive metaphors used in describing AI, critically analyze their functional load, and study the specifics of their use in modern scientific discourse. One of the main research questions is to determine to what extent general metaphorical models are applicable to the scientific context and to identify the unique features of scientific cognitive metaphor. In the course of this work, we solved a number of tasks, namely: we conducted a detailed systematic analysis of modern scientific literature on AI, formulated a definition of cognitive metaphor, described its structure and method of education, and determined the functions of cognitive metaphor in language.; The role of cognitive metaphor in the language of a certain scientific field has been identified, and cognitive metaphors used in describing AI in the compiled corpus have been selected and analyzed using the methodology of J. R. R. Tolkien. Lakoff and M. Johnson. The theoretical basis of the research consists of scientific works by T. N. Vinokurova, V. P. Danilenko, L. M. Alekseeva, D. V. Vasilenko, S. V. Grinev-Grinevich, J. Lakoff, M. Johnson, P. Norvig, S. Russell, and other authors, as well as materials from the project “Portraits and perceptions of AI and why they matter”.

The purpose of this scientific article is to study the distinctive features of information and analytical texts generated by a neural network in a special issue of the daily business newspaper RBC (РБК) (the edition is claimed to be partially generated using GigaChat and Kandinsky neural networks) and to put these features into a classification. Procedure and methods. A comparative method was used in the work (the author of the article attempted to identify and describe not only the common features (markers) of the generated text, but also the features of generation in various types and genres of media discourse, the difference between linguistic and pragmatic features in different languages is also described). Among others, a quantitative method was used (content analysis of specially selected text units – features of textual neural network generation). According to the results of the study, the previously identified classification of linguistic and pragmatic features of generated texts in media discourse was confirmed; statistical data were provided illustrating the presence of certain features of generation in the text (160) and proving their artificial origin: punctuation errors (10); morphological errors (7); syntactic errors (7); lexical errors (8); lexical repetition (13); spelling errors (7); graphic errors (8); logical errors (7); factual errors (11); clichés (71); redundancy (6); template structure (6). The text of the article provides an example of the analysis of one of the data analytics articles of the special issue of RBC (РБК), containing the largest number of linguistic and pragmatic features of neural network generation (55 items). Theoretical significance of the research results lies in the necessity to isolate a new separate area of linguistic knowledge – media linguistics of texts generated by a neural network. The practical significance contains the idea that the classification of linguistic and pragmatic features of a neural network media text identified by the author can be used to examine content for its artificial origin and intellectual fraud.