Phenolic compounds are well known as antioxidant compounds and they have been causing great interest for a long time because of their positive effects on human health, for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The study of the accumulation of phenolic compounds in Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench is very relevant, due to its strong antioxidant properties. The main effect of antioxidant compounds is to delay oxidation of other molecules and inhibit the spread of oxidative chain reactions by free radicals, protecting the human body and reducing oxidative damage that can cause many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the study of these biologically active compounds is very promising due to their strong antioxidant properties and subsequent introduction of Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench into the Russian medicine. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench growing in Yakutia is little studied and there are no scientific papers on its chemical composition. The aim of the presented study is to investigate changes in accumulation of phenolic compounds in leaves of Chamaedaphne calyculata. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to collect samples, study the quantitative composition of phenolic compounds and determine which months of the year have the highest levels of the studied components. Samples were collected in Central Yakutia, in the valley of Tuymaada on the 2nd above the floodplain terrace, 14 km northwest of Yakutsk, on the shore of Lake Khomustaakh for half a year - from June to November. To study the quantitative composition of phenolic compounds, we used methods such as the Folin-Chocalteu method of quantitative determination of phenolic compounds, the method of quantitative analysis of flavonoids using aluminum chloride, the method of quantitative analysis of the sum of phenylpropanoids, the method of determination of tannins, and the method of quantitative determination of flavonoids using the specific coefficient of redemption of the dominant flavonoid. A gradual increase in the level of secondary metabolites was observed over the course of 6 months. Ultimately, the study showed that the highest content of flavonoids, phenols and phenylpropanoids was found in November, where temperatures dropped to -35º Celsius. Thus, leaves contain a large number of phenolic compounds: hydroxycinnamic acids, arbutin, proanthocyanides, catechins, myricetin, quercetin, gossipetin, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. All identified compounds in Chamaedaphne calyculata give it an advantage in surviving in harsh climatic conditions.

At the present time, topically to study the possibilities of using carbon dots for biomedical applications. The creation of low-toxic nanosystems based on carbon dots that can replace toxic semiconductor quantum dots and are used in the creation of biosensors, bioimaging and theranostic agents is promising and has a novelty. In this work, carbon dots were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using glucose and soot from birch bark soot as carbon precursors. Aqueous solution of ammonia was used for doping with nitrogen atoms of carbon dots. The average sizes of carbon dots from glucose were to 14 nm, from birch bark soot - 49 nm. The difference in the sizes of carbon dots is due to the different nature of carbon precursors. The resulting carbon dots exhibit absorption in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum and luminescence in the blue-green region. The composition of functional groups on the surface of carbon dots represented by carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups. Functionalization with chromophore groups was made to change the properties of the obtained carbon dots. It has been established that the addition of chromophores changes the absorption spectra of carbon dots and shifts the luminescence spectra to the red region of the spectrum.

At present, significant progress has been made in the generation of spherical plasmoids using the Gatchina discharge, which, according to many scientists, can be analogues of ball lightning. Such plasmoids, generated by a high-voltage discharge above the water surface, have an autonomous phase, the origin of which and the underlying processes are the subject of modern research. It should be noted that in Russia the questions about ball lightning showed interest, including Nobel laureates V. L. Ginzburg and P. L. Kapitsa. Most often, for switching the Gatchina discharge, gas dischargers are used, which are unable to provide an experimental study of the effect of the rate of increase in voltage and current on long-lived spherical plasmoids. In this paper, we solve the problem of switching the Gatchina discharge using another device, a hydrogen-filled pulsed thyratron. The purpose of this work is to create a high-voltage switch of the storage capacitance of the Gatchina discharge by a pulsed thyratron, as well as to test the designed and manufactured installation. The main part of the study describes a high-voltage installation containing a plasmoid generator, a storage capacitance switching unit with a pulsed thyratron, and a thyratron ignition pulse generation unit using a pulsed transformer. The developed high-voltage capacitive energy storage is made according to the scheme of parallel connection of capacitors. Energy is stored in a capacitor bank, which is charged to a predetermined high voltage using a charger and discharged to the load through a switching system consisting of a switch and its control device. The paper presents the electrical circuits of a high-voltage charger, a switching unit for a storage capacity by a pulsed thyratron, and a unit for generating a thyratron start-up voltage pulse. Also shown are drawings of individual parts of the manufactured installation. As the results of the study, the first test results of the developed installation are presented. The voltage and current pulses on the thyratron and on the capacitor are estimated. Qualitatively new results are obtained for the generation of spherical plasmoids using a thyratron, namely, the transition of a plasmoid from a spherical shape to a toroidal one in one discharge. In conclusion, based on the results of the research, some practical advice is given for using the thyratron as a switch.

Understanding the structural and semantic features of neologisms, as well as the cognitive mechanisms that determine the processes of neonomination in meteorological discourse is very important for the study of neologization processes in meteorological discourse. Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify and analyze neolexemes as a result of cognitive knowledge and understanding of meteorological reality by an individual taking into account structural linguistic means. The tasks set to achieve this goal are reduced to the selection of neologisms by a continuous sampling method and their classification into several groups, based on their belonging to various spheres that are associated with meteorological and climatic conditions or affect it on a global scale. Using the method of linguistic observation and description, as well as the method of component analysis, allows to perform another task - to identify certain semantic and cognitive characteristics of each group. The actual material chosen for the study was new words and phrases that have appeared in the English meteorological discourse in recent decades. The volume of the article does not allow to cite the entire volume of the collected material (more than 100 units), so the author chose 30 of the most interesting examples. Publications covering the changing state of the meteorological reality on specialized websites (WeatherOnline, MetOffice, WMO, Global Climate Observing System), news sites (BBC, Express, Reuters) and in the Economist were taken as sources. Data from dictionaries of neologisms (Cambridge Dictionary: New Words, Merriam-Webster Word Central, Oxford English Dictionary: New Words) were also used in the selection and analysis of the factual material. The relevance of this study lies both in the importance of studying the mechanisms of the emergence of new lexical units reflecting changing meteorological processes, and in the increased interest not only of experts and specialists in the seriousness of the emerging meteorological situation, leading to a new interpretation of ideas about the human impact on climate change and their role in overcoming the consequences and solving climate problems. The conclusions drawn on the basis of the conducted analysis indicate the structural and cognitive factors of the neologization that ensure the development of reality and the updating of the linguistic picture of the world due to the new words in the meteorological discourse.

The overarching influence of Chinese culture on Japanese culture is an acknowledged fact. However, in the area of language, we can observe a process that took place in the opposite direction. In the process of long and intensive cultural relations, historically, due to the commonality of writing, there was a constant exchange in the field of language between these countries, so it is the lexicological aspect of bilateral linguacultural relations that is of particular interest. The focus of this paper is the borrowed vocabulary, namely Japanese borrowings in the Chinese language, which occupy a special place in its lexical system. This article reviews the classifications of Japanese borrowings in Chinese based on the scientific works on the mentioned problems published in Japanese. In addition, we consider the situation with the research in this field in Japanese linguistics. As a result, we managed to reveal the difference in approaches of Chinese and Japanese linguists to this layer of the Chinese language lexicon, and that even in the Japanese segment of scientific literature on this subject the works of Chinese linguists prevail. The subject of interest of Japanese researchers are mostly borrowings into the Chinese language from the Japanese language, which took place in the latest period, namely after the beginning of the policy of reforms and opening, i.e., after the 80s of the twentieth century. It is noteworthy that due to the common written language, all the available classifications of Japanese borrowings are distinguished by the attention to the graphic aspect of the words of the donor language (Japanese), so that they present more complex, detailed systems, including several levels. Considering the insufficient development of the topic in Russian Oriental studies, the present work opens up scope for further cross-cultural research in the field of areal linguistics in general, as well as Sino-Japanese linguocultural relations and issues of typology of lexical borrowings, in particular.

At present, close attention of linguists is paid to business communication, since business discourse objectively turned out to be much more dynamic than other discursive spheres. This is largely due to the high activity of the business community and the rapid development of business around the world, despite the economic crisis and many geopolitical events that we are witnessing. On the other hand, the corresponding development of a linguistic personality in the modern business community is conditioned by the speech behavior of numerous communication participants who are somehow related to modern business. This criterion makes specialists take a fresh look at many traditional linguistic phenomena. The relevance of the study of neologisms of business discourse is determined primarily by the intensity of the process of neologization of this discursive sphere. In the era of current social upheavals, we are witnessing an acceleration of the processes of linguistic development, which leads to the emergence of a huge number of linguistic neoplasms in the field of business communication and the need for their qualitative and quantitative description, systematization and classification in order to understand the nature of the formation of such words. The article discusses the main ways of forming English-language neologisms of business topics, provides statistics on the productivity of these methods, analyzes the word-formation models of new words that make it possible to predetermine certain trends in language evolution. The work used such methods of scientific knowledge as literature analysis, generalization of experience, as well as word-formation analysis, quantitative analysis and deduction. The result of the study was a classification of the ways of forming English-language neologisms of business communication, which can contribute to a deeper understanding of the general laws of word formation in business discourse in order to identify further prospects for their use and development in the language.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that the study of the chronotopic organization of the Yakut epic, including olonkho of the Vilyui region, allows determining the specifics of the poetics of this genre of folklore. The purpose of the work is to reveal the features of the spatio-temporal organization of the Yakut heroic epic from the point of view of the worldview, plot composition, biographical and narrative time. Research objectives include the consideration of the spatio-temporal structure of the worldview in olonkho, determination of the chronotopic organization of the epic plot, the biographical time of the characters, the study of narrative time, the use of stylistic devices. The research material is the olonkho by the Vilyuysky narrator S. N. Karataev “Bogatyr Tong Saar”. To achieve the purpose and address the research objectives, the authors utilize structural-semantic analysis, comparative method, systematic analysis of the poetics of the Yakut epic, taking into account a broad understanding of poetics, which includes the structural forms of the text. The research revealed that the spatio-temporal organization of the Yakut heroic epic determines its genre feature, playing an important role in structuring the worldview, plot composition, the use of stylistic techniques and means, as well as in the development of olonkho storytelling. It was determined that olonkho is characterized by a mythopoetic idea of the time of the first creation, the creation of the world according to the principle of the “expanding universe”, a threefold world model, the world tree, where the character moves from the center to the periphery, ordering and mastering the space. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that spatio-temporal categorization plays an important role in the plot construction of olonkho, the main parameter of which is a linear chronological sequence of events, consisting of the character’s spatial movements, his relationships with other epic characters. A technique of hyperbolization, various ways of expressing the chronotope were used for descriptions of time. It was revealed that the biographical time of olonkho characters also has its own specifics, expressed in the characters’ static age. The narrator’s attitude to the events in the epic is expressed by peculiar narrative time. Some local differences in the chronotopic organization of the Vilyui olonkho were found.

The article is devoted to the study of motivational features of the nomination of animals in the language of the Anabar Dolgans based on the materials of the Yuryung-Khayan dialect dictionary of the Dolgan language. In the course of the analysis of 33 zoonyms, 6 motivational features were identified that underlie the formation of the names of wildlife objects in the language of the Anabar Dolgans: “appearance” (45%), “behavioral features” (27%), “economic purpose” (12%), "according to the emitted sound" (6%), "functional purpose" (6%), "the emitted smell" (3%). The most productive way of forming zoonyms in the language of the Anabar animals is the signs of the appearance of the animal, due to which more than 45% of lexical units occurred, where native speakers mark the most common among the rest differentiating features of objects of the animal world. Among them, the most productive in the nominations is the selection of the color or color of the animal, for the designation of which primordial (black, red) and formally meta-formed (copper) color designations, color designations of a complex color (variegated, with a mark, with a collar) are used: hara atah muksuun, kyһyl tүөsteeh, erien harah, altan harah, hara tүөsteeh, imneeh taba, moibordooh. In the paper, a descriptive analysis to determine the main alleged motivational signs of the nomination of animals of the world in the Dolgan language; quantitative-statistical method for identifying the most productive models of zoonyms formation. A key role in the future of the cognitive strategy for nominating animals in the language of Anabar debts is occupied by the identification of the anatomical features of representatives of the animal world: atah “leg” (hara atah muksuun), tүös “chest” (kyһyl tүөsteeh), kharah “eyes” (erien kharah, altan kharah), muos “horns” (alchaqar muostaah taba, anabyl muostaah taba) and others. The examined zoonyms provide reliable grounds for believing that reindeer herding for the Dolgans played a key role as the main element in the functioning of the people.

This article identifies the main functions of symbolism of the sun in N. Gumilev’s poetry, explores the concept of ‘cosmism’ - a perspective of the world as a philosophical whole; exploring the idea of continuity of cultural and civilization models within the works of “acmeist” authors. Substantiation is made for the conceptual significance of the symbolism of astronomical objects in the works of N.S. Gumilev in general and of the “sun” in particular as the most important object in the daytime sky. The relevance of the study is determined, the purpose of which is to reproduce the specifics of the artistic presentation. The primary problem is an attempt to model the artistic space of the text that exists in the coordinates of the philosophical and aesthetic views of the poet. Static data are interpreted that determine the nature and number of references to the concept of “sun” in the poetic work of N. S. Gumilyov, the main patterns of usage of this concept are derived. The most productive semantic groups corresponding to traditional cultural interpretations and archetypes are distinguished. The main interpretations of the “sun” are emphasized as a relay of the sacred, divine, functional psychological landscape, sense-making detail of mythological and individual-author images. Various word forms denoting the sun (“dawn”, “day break”, “sunset”) are differentiated, associative rows are formed that correlate with the data. A comparative analysis of similar and opposite motifs in the interpretation of the sun is carried out, the influence of biographical facts on the interpretation of traditional folk ideas is determined, the individual-author concept of the “The Sun’s Maiden” is substantiated, the concept of the dual significance of the travel motif as a way of world cognition is introduced. A hypothesis is introduced about the fruitfulness of further analysis of the interpretation of celestial bodies and other cosmic objects in the works of N. Gumilyov as an aspect of creation of an artistic model.

The article is devoted to the study of school discourse as a source of knowledge about socio-cultural and educational traditions. Nowadays modern teachers’ speech culture is under the influence of other languages and cultures and it makes an imprint on education. That is why it is important to preserve the socio-cultural value of school language. The relevance of the study is that the modern school is a fundamental phase of a child’s socialisation during maturity but the opinions on school as an institution are controversial and ambiguous. The scientific novelty of the research lies in identification of school discourse as a subdiscourse of educational one, enumerating characteristics and emphasizing speech actions, which are specific for successful interaction between a teacher and a student. The purpose of this study is to analyze school discourse in terms of socio-cultural and educational traditions. To achieve the goal of the study certain methods have been used: observation, summarisation and descriptive techniques. The article considers the teachers’ speech actions at the lessons, which have been taken from teachers’ lesson plans working in Yekaterininsky Gymnasium #36 in Krasnodar. Based on the material collected for analysis specific speech actions for school discourse have been noted: guidance and encouragement, representatives, declaratives and mental performatives, operators of obligation. The author draws attention to the fact that school discourse has specific features: the graded nature of the assessment and evaluation and speech strategy. During the research, the author concludes the specificity of school discourse, and its specific features can be the source of knowledge about socio-cultural and educational traditions. The article provides definitions for “discourse”, “educational discourse”, “pedagogical discourse”, “school discourse” and describes the difference of concepts. This is necessary to define the school discourse as a subdiscourse of educational one. Enumerated specific features and analysis of linguistic material promotes general knowledge of school discourse. Thus, it is intended as a new perspective of further research.

In the article, from the functional and semantic positions, verbs with the meaning of the question in the Khakass language are considered, which are one of the semantic subgroups in the lexical-semantic group of verbs with the meaning of speaking. According to our information, in the Khakass language, taking into account synthetic and analytical formations, there are more than 20 verb units. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the lexical-semantic and functional features of verbs with the meaning of a question in the Khakass language. The material for the analysis was data from translation dictionaries and text sources of Khakass fiction and journalism, collected by the method of continuous sampling. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that, despite the existence of works on certain issues of the lexical system, at the present stage in the lexicology of the Khakass language there are many untouched problems. Verbs with the meaning of a question denote the speech process / utterance of the subject in order to obtain information of interest from the addressee. Our research has shown that these verbs in the Khakass language, as in other languages, reflect both one-act and multi-act speech impact on the addressee. In a sentence, they control the positions of the target and the object. The addressee, as a rule, is expressed by a name with the general concept of "person". The position of the object - content - question, depending on the semantic features of the verb, is characterized by different semantic content. Most of the Khakass simple and complex question verbs come from one common Türkic root сур- «1) ask; inquire ...». The most diverse semantic and structural expression is received by multi-act verbs of the question, which, in turn, in combination with auxiliary verbs, like complex verbs, express various shades of multi-act actions - situations of questioning. The pragmatic competence of statements formed by verbs with the meaning of a question includes an informal setting of the speech process, close distances, more often equal relationships between communicants, one of which encourages the other to communicate (answer).