In 1912, A. E. Kulakovsky wrote an article "Species of anima and vegetal reign that are known to the Yakuts", which was published in 1929. In this work, A. E. Kulakovsky wrote that the Yakut youth does not know the names used in flora and fauna. This is true at present time, because junior school children and even adult high school students do not know the species composition of plants and animals not only in Yakutia, but also in some areas where they live. This work reveals not only Yakut, Russian and Latin names of birds, but also their habitats in the early 20th century. According to the list by A. E. Kulakovsky, there are 145 species of birds in Yakutia. Modern species composition includes 315 species. Comparing these materials, it is possible to establish the species that appeared on the territory of Yakutia during the 20th century. 35 new species of birds have entered the territory of Yakutia only during the recent years. It is the result of their natural settlement due to the destruction of the existing ecological barrier. The Yakut names of birds are one of the main indicators in this work which were first collected and published by A. E. Kulakovsky. In subsequent works, ornithologists use the same name, but without a reference to this work of A. E. Kulakovsky. This is due to the fact that the works by A. E. Kulakovsky was banned and unavailable for use by scientists. It should be noted that A. E. Kulakovsky cited the Yakut names of birds collected from the entire territory of Yakutia and most of them practically coincide in many of its areas. Studying this article, it is possible to determine the beginning of penetration and transformation some of the penetrated species into sedentary - rook, field and house sparrows, gray heron, woodcock, etc. Part of the bird species listed in the article is currently absent in the territory of Yakutia, which may be due to the pulsation of their habitats. These pulsations of habitats under favorable conditions contributed to the formation of stable populations of individual bird species.

A high morbidity rate of zoonotic infections is one of the urgent problems of human health in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). The harsh climatic conditions in Yakutia seem should prevent spread of invasions, but nevertheless, many types of parasites remain active and have a pronounced tendency to spread and create extensive natural foci. Earlier, a seroepidemiological survey of some zoonoses was carried out in residents of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) living in the subarctic (Vilyuisk) and arctic (Verkhoyansk) climatic zones [1, 2]. Currently, it seems relevant to study the prevalence of zoonotic infections in the central pastoral regions of Yakutia, where the main rural population is concentrated and where the prevalence of immune markers of zoonotic diseases has not been screened. This paper presents the results of a serological study of 3 parasitic infections (echinococcosis, trichinellosis and toxocariasis) in residents of the central Yakutia. The research material and personal data were collected from the residents of Megino-Kangalassky (Pavlovsk), Ust-Aldansky (Borogontsy) and Churapchinsky (Maralay) uluses. Test systems "DRG diagnostics" (Germany) were used for immunoassay analysis. According to the results of the enzyme immunoassay, IgG markers to echinococcus (4.4%), trichinella (2.2%), toxocara (1.1%) were detected in the studied sample (n = 90). A comparative analysis was conducted with data obtained earlier for Yakuts living in Viluyusk (n = 90) and in the villages of Suordak and Tomtor of Verkhoyansk ulus (n = 77) and data of the Federal Service for the Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor). The prevalence of enzyme immunoassay markers of these parasitic infections for three Yakut populations from 5 regions of Yakutia (n=257) was 1.9% for echinococcus, 2.3% for trichinella, and 1.9% for toxocara. Rather high seroprevalence rates require further additional clinical and epidemiological studies of these helminth zoonoses in Yakutia.

The question of the influence of particle size distribution on the reserves, content and composition of soil humus has a great importance in assessing some soil functions, including the functions of fertility and soil memory. In most publications, reflecting the dependence of the humus state on the particle size distribution of the rocks, the soils of the European part of Russia are considered. To date, there aren’t separate assessments of the indicators of the humus state of permafrost pale soils of Central Yakutia, but the parent rocks of the soils are characterized by spatial variability and stratification by granulometric composition. The purpose of the work is evaluation and comparison of the humus state of permafrost pale solodiс soils, which occupy the vast territory of Central Yakutia and formed on rocks with different particle size distribution. The soils of five sections, developed on the taiga landscapes of the Central Yakutian Plain (62° N, 129-130° E) were chosen as objects of research. The content and composition of humus were analyzed by Tyrin’s method modified by Ponomareva-Plotnikova, the particle size distribution and some physicochemical properties of the soils were studied by standard techniques of soil research. The name of the soil differences was established according to the regional classification of the permafrost soils of Yakutia (by WRB Cambic Cryosols). The results of studies confirmed the regularity established earlier for some soils of other regions of Russia the level of humus accumulation in soils of autonomous landscapes is governed by their particle size distribution and increases with weighting of its: of the loamy varieties of permafrost pale soils of Central Yakutia have higher level of humus accumulation than supeschans. There are differences in the humus composition of the mineral part of the studied soil profile - the light particle size of soil-forming rocks causes an increase in the share of fulvic acids in the humus composition of pale solodic sandy soils due to the high mobility of the FA-1a fraction and the greatest accumulation of the FA-2 and FA-3 fractions in underlying horizons. In the group composition of humus, there is a change in type of humus from humate-fulvate and fulvate in pale solodic soils with sandy-loamy composition to fulvate-humate and humate-fulvate in pale solodic soils with medium loamy composition. In the upper part of the profile, enriched with organic matter, the differences of a composition of the humus of loamy and sandy varieties of pale solodic soils are not as clear and regular as in the mineral one.

The article presents the characteristics of the morphometric features of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus, Schreber, 1780) of the Russian Plain. These characteristics depend on the geographical localization of the population. The reconstruction of the ecosystems happen under the influence of the whole complex of adverse factors in the territory of the Russian Plain, in particular in the White Sea-Kuloi Plateau (the BKP). The study of the morphometric characteristics of the BKP bank vole is interesting in the light of geographical variability and forms of adaptation of these species to the changing conditions of existence. At the same time, the data characterizing exterior features of the BKP Myodes glareolus are not published yet or missing. Aim of the research is to identify clinal variability of the morphometric indices of the bank vole in the central part of the BKP and in other areas of the Russian Plain. The objective of the study was to analyze the M. glareolus exterior features depending on the geographical localization of the population. The research was conducted in 2014-2018 in the territory of the central part of the Plateau by traditional trap lines and trap grooves methods. There were 7054 trap-days and 2648 cone-days spent during the work. The 601 mouse-like rodents including Myodes glareolus (n=183) were taken into account. Statistical analysis was conducted using software packages Statistica, PAST. It is well established that the bank vole of the central part of the Plateau has larger size-weight indices than the individuals from the northwestern, the northern, the western, the central and the eastern regions of the Russian Plain (Bergman's Rule). The length of the limbs of the Myodes glareolus in the research area is smaller than the length of the limbs of the individuals from more southern and northeastern areas of the plains (Alenn’s Rule). Perspectives and further directions of work consist in identification of morphometric characteristics changes of the bank vole to the changing conditions of existence on the White Sea-Kuloi Plateau, (especially of Arkhangelsk region), including both natural and transformed areas in general.

Northern regions of Russia, rich in mineral resources, are characterized by an extreme climate, presence of permafrost, seasonal transport accessibility and undeveloped infrastructure. At the same time, a local trucking service is often the only way to deliver goods for industry and national consumption to the North. Roads in permafrost areas are laid in difficult ground conditions. Soils of a seasonal frosting-thawing layer in foundations of roads are often subject to frost heaving, which leads to heaving when the layer freezes and to subside when it thaws. Similar cryogenic phenomena, together with extreme climatic influences, lead to increased wear of the roads with formation of ruts, cracks and irregularities. The movement of the road transport along low-quality northern roads is followed by intensive influence of sign-variable loads of wheels and details of a suspension, in particular springs. It leads to the forced accidental fluctuations of a system of a suspension which amplitude and frequency significantly depend on a seasonal condition of the road. Thus, for assessment of reliability, damageability of a suspension of automotive vehicles of the North the research of mechanical interaction in the "car-the road" system depending on seasonal factors is relevant. The purpose of this work is identification of features of influence of a seasonal condition of the road on fluctuations of a suspension of the North automotive vehicles. In work for the description of mechanical interaction of a suspension of automotive vehicles with the road in the conditions of a cryolithozone the theory of linear dynamic systems is used. It allowed to reveal dependence of characteristics of the accidental forced fluctuations of a car suspension on a seasonal condition of a profile of the road. Mathematical processing of experimental data of a profile of the site of the dirt road of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic at various times years - in the summer, in the winter, in the fall and is for this purpose carried out in the spring. Depending on a season autocorrelated functions of a profile of the section of the road on which spectral characteristics of influence of roughnesses of the road are determined by seasons are received. The prospects of use of the theory of linear dynamic systems for studying of accidental fluctuations of a suspension of automotive vehicles depending on seasonal conditions of a cryolithozone are shown.

Absrtract. The relevance of the research is dictated by the insufficiency and non-expansiveness of the linguo-poetic approach in considering the phenomenon of the development of Udmurt literature, by the lack of scientific works focused both on the grammar of poetry and on the category of the temporality of the poetic whole, its artistic contexts. The novelty of the work is the selection of the main grammatical-lexical segments of the lyrical transfer of temporality, the identification of scenarios of individual author's semantization of the present, the study of P. Zakharov's poetic corpus from the point of view of language transformations and linguistic poetic realities, projected onto modern Udmurt literature in general. The article has the following objectives: to fix the structure-forming significance of the present in the system of P. Zakharov's poetic idiostyle, to identify key grammatical markers of his artistic expression, to establish the main motive-situational contexts of intra-poetic mainstreaming of a present, to define the “lines of movement” of the Udmurt poetic language at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The purpose of the study is to analyze the multilevel connectedness of the grammatical plan of the text and its artistic semantics, to show the interconversion of form and content, language elements and individual author's world view. In the article, the combined combination of the method of linguo-poetic analysis of the artistic text, structural-semantic and linguistic-stylistic methods, the method of artistic and biographical reconstruction, hermeneutical technique were used. Analysis of the poetic works of P. Zakharov allowed to identify key artistic contexts of the present time - the problem-thematic complex of social response, the author's discourse of dissatisfaction with his ethnic and economic position, the rhetoric of love recognition and the existence of a romantic experience, meditative self-absorption of a lyrical subject. Interpretation of Zakharov's poetic corpus showed that there are two representative groups - the first group includes texts marked by explicated language searches, the second group includes texts lacking the author’s visible linguistic participation. The study of poetic temporality, its artistic contexts is promising, because it greatly expands and deepens the understanding of the development of national literature and the specifics of the transformation of literary language at the present stage. In addition, the linguo-poetic method as an integrative method makes it possible to analytically trace the dynamics of the author's language searches and linguistic aesthetic decisions.

The author investigates the initial stage of formation of children's literature of the Russian Saami, without which the picture of the Saami literary process will be incomplete. This is the relevance of the presented material. Children's literature of the Saami has not been the subject of analysis of scientists, which indicates the novelty of the study. The aim of the work is to trace the origin of the Sami children's literature, to reveal its features at the initial stage. The material of the study was the scientific and cognitive literature of the last quarter of the XX century: ABC books, books for reading, books for students to get acquainted with the world around them, the works of the Saami writers, A. Bazhanov, O. Voronova, A. Antonova. The study involved archival materials of the Museum of Sami literature and written language to them. O. Voronova, materials on the development of languages and writing of the peoples of the North in the Murmansk region. The paper uses historical-literary and comparative methods of research. The analysis of the material showed that the formation of children's literature of the Saami of the Kola Peninsula took place in two stages and was associated with the creation of writing in the Sami language. In the 30-ies of XX century children's literature has established itself as a scientific and educational translation. In the 70-ies of XX century we can speak about the emergence of ethical and entertaining literature, which was presented as a translation in the Sami language, and original works in their native language. Children's literature of the Kola Saami at the stage of its origin was not distinguished from the adult literature and existed in the Saami and Russian languages. The circle of children's reading included both works written for children and works intended for adults, but close and understandable to children. Children's literature already existed in the Sami and Russian languages at the stage of its origin.

The article is devoted to the study of the etymological characteristics of the names of the colors horse in the Yakut language. Appeal to the scientific development of the problem due to the lack in the Yakut linguistics of etymological studies of the names of the colors of a horse. In total, 170 names of horse colors were found, including 13 “basic”. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that for the first time the etymological characteristic of the Yakut names of the main colors horse is determined. An attempt is made to identify the phonetic peculiarities of the names of the main horse colors and the nature of the stability and variability of the lexical meanings of the names of the main horse colors in the Yakut language is considered in comparative terms with other Turkic and Mongolian languages in order to determine their etymological characteristic. Based on the goal, the following tasks are put in the work: collection of empirical research material from lexicographic sources and informants; their distribution according to the “main” colors; determination of the etymological characteristics of the names of the main horse colors: Turkic and Mongolian borrowings; consideration of the stability and variability of the lexical meanings of names of horse's colors in the Yakut language in comparative terms with some Turkic and Mongolian languages, consideration of the phonological features of the names of horse's colors in the Yakut language in comparative terms with some Turkic and Mongolian languages. To achieve this goal, comparative and comparative and historical methods were used to identify the common and the specific in other Turkic and Mongolian languages; quantitative statistical method of research, with the help of which quantitative and percentage indicators are derived from the main results of analyzes. Analysis of the etymological characteristics of the names of the main colors of the horse determined: Turkic borrowings - 6 (46%) (eg, yak. khara ‘black’, yak. aragas ‘palomino’, yak. sur ‘grulla’, yak. turagas ‘bay’, yak. kogochor ‘gray’), mongolian borrowing - 5 (38%) (eg, yak. saalyr ‘buckskin’, yak. buurul ‘roan’, yak. chuogur ‘spotted’, yak. khonor ‘chestnut with flaxen mane and tail’, yak. kyran ‘liver-chestnut’).

Absract. This article presents a linguistic and stylistic description of mass media texts, in the course of which the types of speech errors arising from direct translation from Russian into Yakut are revealed. The aim of the study is to identify stylistic errors in the texts of publicistic style, which completely violate the literary and usage norms of the Yakut language. Material for stylistic analysis based on the texts of television and radio national broadcasting company “Sakha”: “Sakha sire” news, “Sana kun” (“New day”), “Is surekhten” ("From a sincere heart"), “Kulum tugen” ("The hour"), information and advertising editions “Sakha radiota” ("Radio Sakha"). In the course of the research the following methods were used: linguistic observation and description method, comparative method, methods of semantic and stylistic interpretation. The subject of the study is the types of speech errors that reduce the level of culture of Yakut speech. The object of the study is stylistic errors that occur in the literal translation of language categories, words and phrases, syntactic units. The scientific novelty of the study is that the material of TV and radio programs of the NVK " Sakha” gives a classification of types of stylistic errors that occur when translated from Russian into the Yakut language, referring to the works of researchers of the Yakut linguistics P. S. Afanasyev, T. I. Petrova, M. P. Alekseev-Dapsi, I. P. Vinokurov, G. Filippov. The materials and results of the study can be used to develop textbooks on the culture of the Yakut language for higher and secondary schools, reference materials for philologists and journalists. The main conclusions of the study: In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian bilingualism remains stable, and the beginnings of polylinguism appear. It should be noted that the Yakut language operates and develops under the great influence of the Russian language. In the course of bilingual policy, the vocabulary and grammar of the Yakut language are significantly enriched with new borrowed words. It is fair to admit that while under the influence of the multicultural transformation of the Yakut language is gradually losing its original form, language usage (verbal tradition) that are passed down from generation to generation. As a result of the strong influence on the grammatical form and syntactic structure, new loan syntactic units are formed, which lead to speech errors in the language of the Sakha people.

This article examines the prose of the Yakut writer Vasily Haryshal (Vasily Egorovich Vasiliev) on the example of his novel “Sutarsibit surakter” (“Lost hearts”), written by the author in 2005 and published in the city of Yakutsk, the Yakut language, in 2012 the Russian-speaking reader, this work became known as “a Tale of eternal love” after the publication in the magazine “Aurora” (Saint Petersburg, 2016). The research urgency is caused by necessity of studying of literary work Haryshal, who appeared as a talented novelist and playwright, author of short stories, novels, plays. Being known in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia as a writer, he proved himself as a writer whose works of art are published in Yakutia, as well as in the Central literary and artistic journals of the Russian Federation. He is the author of such books as “In Amga was spring”, “War distant and close”, many dramatic works staged at the theaters of Yakutia. They present the author's observations on the fate of the Motherland, the people, his reflections on history, the role of the individual in it and his vision of the formation, revival, development and prospects of national culture in its synchronous and diachronic aspects. In General, the work of Vasily Haryshal little studied in the works of a literary nature, with the exception of certain articles of writers and experts. That is why we consider the publication of this article timely and necessary. The article aims to identify the features of prose Vasily Haryshal for example, his novel “Sutarsibit surakter” (“Lost hearts”), as well as literary analysis and actualization of creativity of the national writer of Yakutia. To achieve the goal the following tasks were set: 1. Explore the uniqueness of the composition of the work; 2. Identify and characterize the system of images of the story. 3. To proanalizirovat the poetics of the text (methods and techniques of the author; the composition of the tropes). 4. To determine the place of creativity Harishal in the modern Yakut literature. The object of the research is the author's story. Subject: features of the writer's prose (composition, system of images, poetics). The methodological basis of the work was for General and special work of M. M. Bakhtin, V. V. Vinogradov, B. V. Tomashevsky, V. M. Zhirmunsky, Y. M. Lotman, M. I. Steblin-Kamensky, E. M. Meletinsky, S. Y. Neklyudov, N. G. Michaelovsoi, as well as the works of Yakut literary critics N. N. Toburokov, G. S. Syromyatnikov, G. E. Boeskorov, Yu.N.Prokop'eva, E. V. Fedorova, A. A. Burtsev, P. V. Sivtseva-Maximova, V. B. Okorokova, A. N. Mireeva, D. E. Vasilyeva, Yu. G. Hasancovic etc. Used as the theoretical principles of the latest research in the field of study of Yakut literature. In particular, the dissertation and articles by T. N. Permyakova. It is stated that in the Yakut literary studies, the narrative as a genre was not the object of a special extensive study, in comparison with such phenomena as the story and the novel. The main methods of research: comparative historical literary analysis, observation, analysis of specific material - text. In ideological and sociological terms, the narrative of Vasily Haryshal is a single, organic complex of psychological drama, United by a common theme and is an anthem of life-affirming love. The author praises the ability of a person to go on a feat in the name of people, claims bright ideas, full of hope, optimism and goodness.