The urban soils formed within a cryolithozone are the special objects of environmental monitoring of urban ecosystems. The purpose of this work is to study the soils and ground technogenic surface formations (TSF) in the territory of industrial bases within Yakutsk city. The objects of study are the urbanozems alkalic (Cryic Urbic Technosol (Sodic)), the ekranozems alkalic (Cryic Ekranic Technosol (Sodic)), and TSF, developed on the northwestern part of Yakutsk within the second floodplain terrace of the Lena river (62°02'N, 129°39'E). The main morphological features and properties of these soils were determined on the territory of one of the industrial bases within the city. It has been established that the peculiarity of their morphological structure is the presence in the profile (within one meter) of a series of dense sandy anthropogenic horizons with different contents of inclusions of building pebbles and in the lower part of buried mineral horizons of natural permafrost meadow chernozemic solonetzic soil. The results of this study showed that these soils are characterized by an alkaline reaction, an increased content of absorbed sodium, an uneven distribution of the main physicochemical and chemical parameters along the profile, mainly a light granulometric composition of the upper layers and clayey buried natural horizons. The morphogenetic properties of anthropogenic layers are largely determined by the composition of the introduced material and their coating character, but at the same time, the influence of natural factors and soil formation processes, such as humus formation, carbonizing, salinization, alkalization, and partially cryoturbation, are not excluded. A relatively high content of mobile forms of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in surface horizons was noted, which is associated with anthropogenic impact.

Soil cover studies were conducted in the basin of the Dezhnevka stream, a right tributary of the Chulman river, administratively in the Neryungrinsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Since the 1990s, coal mining has been carried out here by open-pit mining, and since 2003 by mine mining. Man-made landscapes have been formed within the mining branch of the Denisovsky GOK of LLC UK KOLMAR. The research area is located in a zone of continuous permafrost distribution, the climate is characterized as sharply continental with long winters and moderately warm short summers. The following types of zonal soils are distinguished in the basin of the Dezhnevka stream of the Chulman depression: permafrost podzolic illuvial-humus, permafrost podzolic illuvial-ferruginous and permafrost-pale-brown and intrazonal: permafrost alluvial sod. These soils are characterized by a light granulometric composition and washing water regime. Data on the process of soil cover restoration in post-technogenic landscapes formed during coal mining in the Chulman depression (South Yakutia) were obtained. The research was carried out on overburden dumps formed in the early 90's. According to the profile-genetic soil classification of technogenic landscapes according to the morphological characteristics selected lumiosity initial class lithogenic undeveloped soils, the initial embryonic soils and organo-accumulative class of biogenic-undeveloped soils and determined their physicochemical properties. These young soils have a high content of organogenic substances that are inherited from the original rocks containing coal. In embryos, after 25-30 years, there is a projective vegetation cover of 60-100% and the accumulation of organic matter on the surface, which indicates an organo-accumulative stage of soil cover restoration, which is reduced to the accumulation of undecomposed plant residues. The application of the grading system according to the degree of transformation and the ability to restore the soil cover revealed that the "Modified" group includes 1.25 ha or less than 1% of technogenic disturbed territories, and the "Highly modified" group includes 168 ha of technogenic disturbed territories.

A spherical plasmoid is the result of a unique type of pulsed «Gatchina» discharge, in which a plasma clot grows out of the discharge and separates from the central electrode and its glow lasts in free flight for several hundred milliseconds without an external electrical power source before dissipating. To date, there is no detailed understanding of the processes that determine the key stages in the development of a pulsed «Gatchina» discharge and are necessary to establish the mechanisms of formation of long-lived spherical plasmoids, so experimental studies are urgent. A setup has been created to study this type of discharge. The main units of the installation are described, including: a reactor, high-voltage equipment, current and voltage sensors, and a gas spark gap. In addition, a number of experiments are described and a set of preliminary data are included that provide a basis for further research: the discharge current and voltage across the capacitor, the shape and color of the resulting plasmoids, the ejection of particles from the plasmoid and the bursts of balls inside the plasmoid. The following important results were obtained: formations of spherical and toroidal bulk plasmoids were demonstrated; observation of the color of plasmoids showed that they change color during their life during propagation (yellow, red, purple, green colors were observed); the emission of brightly glowing small particles from the plasmoid was recorded in an autonomous mode; it is shown that round glowing balls flare up inside the plasmoid during its life. As a result of the experiments, no high variability from discharge to discharge was observed. When the discharge is realized, plasmoids with similar basic characteristics (size, lifetime, current strength, flight speed, etc.) are stably reproduced with a spread of up to 20% of the «Gatchina» one.

The process of evaporation-condensation of natural cumulus clouds on natural and alternative condensation nuclei is investigated. Natural condensation nuclei mean atmospheric aerosols, and alternative ones - hydroclusters with an ionic center. Atmospheric aerosols are finely dispersed particles of dust or liquid matter suspended in the atmosphere or gaseous medium. Hydroclusters with an ionic center are charged particles formed by interaction with cosmic radiation. In contrast to natural condensation nuclei located at an altitude of ≈1 km from the Earth, alternative ones prevail at heights of ≈2 km and above. It has been experimentally confirmed that at this level there is a fourfold supersaturation of water vapor. Based on the above facts, approximate analytical modeling of the evaporation-condensation of natural cumulus clouds on natural and alternative condensation nuclei is carried out. Cumulus clouds are considered as expanding, immiscible spherical masses, consisting of dry air, water vapor, and condensation nuclei. The rise of the cloud occurs due to its heating during condensation and subsequent adiabatic expansion. The rate of rising of cumulus clouds is determined depending on the degree of supersaturation of wet masses and the properties of droplet nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere. In particular, it has been shown that the speed of ascent of the cloud, depending on the properties of the nuclei, has an almost fourfold difference. Numerical modeling of the heat balance of a cloud for natural single and alternative fourfold supersaturations of water vapor at cloud radii of 500, 1000, and 1500 m is carried out. The results of theoretical calculations show that vapor evaporation-condensation on alternative cores can lead to a sharp, avalanche-like formation of thunderstorm clouds. It is shown that the release of heat during this process, depending on the supersaturation temperature, is several times higher than the amount of heat released during condensation on natural nuclei. Thus, the work shows that alternative condensation nuclei can be the source of thunderclouds.

Today the fixation, translation and publication of Kalmyk paroemias has a two-centuries history. At the same time there are archival records of Proverbs and sayings that have not yet been introduced into wide scientific circulation. The handwritten collection of I. I. Popov's paroemias from the funds of the state archive of the Rostov region is the interest for researching many issues of Kalmyk studies, wider Mongol studies: from the publication of folklore texts, translation problems to linguistic and cultural researches. In the introductory article to the collection the collector described in detail the meaning of the word «ulgr» (üliger). He noted it as a term for the genre of Proverbs. Each proverb in the handwritten collection of I. I. Popov is numbered, presented in the original in «clear writing» («todo bichig»), translated into Russian, given in the Kalmyk language in transliteration in Cyrillic and accompanied by a note. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the article is to give an Archeographic description of the collection of Proverbs and sayings of the Don Kalmyks in the recording of I. I. Popov, to consider its structure, to analyze samples of paroemias, their translation into Russian, to study the notes to the texts in a comprehensive plan in connection with the ideas of the Don Kalmyks about the world and the surrounding nature, their rites and customs. To achieve these goals, a number of tasks were solved: the form and structure of the handwritten collection of paroemias in Popov's notes were described, variants of Proverbs and sayings in the oral tradition of the Don Kalmyks were established in comparison with published samples, and the peculiarities of ideas and customs reflected in the texts were revealed. Results and conclusions. It is known that Proverbs as part of the oral tradition of the people transmit the experience and knowledge of previous generations. At the present time, when the oral tradition is fading, paroemia as works that reflecting the perception of the world and being a repository of collective wisdom, are of particular interest. In this regard the considered collection of paroemias is studied for further publication in the framework of the project on a grant of the Russian Foundation for basic research «The inédites of Kalmyk folklore from the I. I. Popov Archive». As a result of the research, it should be noted that the collection of Popov is a source for the oral tradition of the Kalmyks, representing samples of the don Kalmyks' paremias. The collector's translation of Proverbs and sayings into Russian is accompanied by comments on individual lexemes with reference to dictionaries and examples of their use in speech. Thanks to the detailed notes to the texts, the collection acquires the character of an explanatory dictionary of Proverbs and sayings of the Kalmyks. The handwritten book by I. I. Popov provides a fertile material for studying the problem of translation of a folklore text. The collection of Kalmyk Proverbs and sayings of I. I. Popov generally represents an important stage of edition textual work with samples of paroemias.

The article considers phytonyms of berries in the Yakut language and their dialectal synonyms in the lexical-semantic and areal aspects. Berries are quite various thematic subgroup of the lexical-semantic group of phytonyms. Thus, the berries represent a special layer of the vocabulary of the Yakut language. Due to their narrow zone of prevalence, dialect units in the Yakut language are an interesting object for research. Despite the importance of studying the names of berry phytonyms and their dialect synonyms, this issue has not been used as a special object of scientific research until now. Based on this fact, the purpose of this article is the lexical typification of the Yakut dialect names of berry plants as well as the description of their areal characteristics. The linguistic material of the study are 165 dialectal units, including their phonomorphological and semantic variations selected by continuous sampling from the “Dialectological Dictionary of the Yakut Language” (main and additional volumes), “The Large Explanatory Dictionary of the Yakut Language” and the scientific work of A.E. Kulakovsky. The analysis of dialectal units made it possible to divide berry phytonyms and their dialectal synonyms into 14 synonymous groups.

The article is dedicated to studying a political language of a well-known political writer Dmitry Bykov, whose works have brought about a new development in journalism - a poetic journalism. The object under study is one of his poems, written as a reaction to the latest events in Russia, and being, in their essence, a poetic journalistic work. He satirizes the event quite explicitly or describes a character in an ironic manner. Using various compositional, lexical and syntactic techniques, Bykov influences the audience, shaping the readers’ opinion on the latest events and political and public activists. The topicality of the conducted analysis is caused by linguists’ interest to the language of the contemporary journalism; therefore, the stylistic analysis of the poetic work will meet many issues associated with the development of such research directions as functional stylistics and text stylistics, poetic journalism. The goal of this research is to investigate the mechanisms of forming the ironic effect in political poetry through the techniques of linguistic expressiveness. The analysis used continuous sampling methods to identify the linguistic material, a method of stylistic analysis to analyze the stylistic connotation of the revealed linguistic means and the whole poem, as well as a descriptive method. To create the ironic effect in his poem, Dmitry Bykov uses such techniques as mixing different styles of vocabulary, primarily of high and low styles; he actively uses figures of speech (metaphors, epithets, comparisons, oxymorons), syntactical means (antithesis, anaphora) and contrasting. Having analyzed the content of the poem, we are concluding that through comic Dmitry Bykov brings the readers to the tragic: sadness and worry for Russia’s fate and its future are seen through the ironic piece of work. The goal of writing the poem is not making the readers laugh, but making them consider the fate of their motherland. Using various techniques of expressiveness, working to create the poem’s ironic effect, the author manages to shape certain public opinion, which manifests the features of poetic journalism.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the archetypal concept "water" in the epic of Jangara, which is based on the plot-forming nuclear themes and motifs of the archaic epic. It is in archaic systems that the mythological origins of the heroic epic are hidden. The purpose of this work is to consider the basic mythological principles associated with the archetypal concept "water." The novelty of the work is that for the first time, in relation to the Kalmyk epic, the complex considers archetypal meanings, the symbolism of water and its ambivalent character. The subject of the study are three songs of the Bagatsokhurovsky cycle (1853-1862) of unknown storytellers and one song "On Ulan Khongor" (1901) of the Don Kalmyk B.D. Obushinov of the Kalmyk epic. The analysis used structural-semantic, structural-typological and comparative methods. It was revealed that in the early samples of the Kalmyk epic, the connotation of the archetypal concept "water" is associated with its mythological origins, as one of the first elements of the universe. Reflected in archaic binary logic, like the first river with a double current or the River of Fire, with semantic opposition - water-fire. The plots of the songs go back to mythological ideas about chthonic chaos, which corresponds to the "main mythological plan" - the struggle of light against dark, the transition from chaos to space. First of all, this is presented in two plot-forming epic themes of the archaic epic - the hero's struggle against the monster from the Lower/Water World, which is based on the fight against chaos and the establishment of space; and rich matchmaking, where the narrowed represents the chthonic world. It is significant that the songs of the Bagatsokhurovsky cycle are characterized by the identity of the Lower and Water Worlds. Early samples of the Kalmyk epic contain motifs about the generating function of water, depicted through treatment with water and the new birth of the hero, the latter is associated with the ambivalence of fish. Absorbing the rich man with fish is death, and spitting is his new birth. The water in the epic is a marker between worlds, life and death, its own and a stranger. Analysis of samples revealed a transition from dual logic to a ternary model of the world, which demonstrates differential layers present as an epic background and testifying to the antiquity of the epic nucleus. The prospect of systematizing and describing the motive fund of the Jangar epic is to include it in the world folklore and mythological foundation.

Due to the change of adaptation processes’ character in the society the article attempts to establish a motivational structure for the value ситиһии (success) in the Yakut linguoculture and its motivational significance in comparison with the motivational structure of the axiological concept of success in Russian language. On the basis of the phenomenological approach to action, the activity theory of the two-way structure of motivation and the theory of speech activity, parameters are determined for the psycholinguistic analysis of the value ситиһии (success) as an indicator of adaptation processes. With the help of typologization of the data of the associative experiment according to the selected parameters on the basis of an integrative model of psychological meaning, identified emotions and needs associated with the axiological concept of success, as well as expectations associated with the conditions for their satisfaction; defined the structure and content of the "active" component; the structures of emotional, incentive and effective components, as well as the motivational structure of the value ситиһии (success) are proposed; it is concluded that the value expressed in the Yakut language by the word ситиһии (success) is predominantly positive and dynamic in view of its internal form; contributes to the psychological health in contrast to the value expressed in the Russian language by the word success. However, from the point of view of adaptation processes as a conscious and critical process, the value ситиһии (success) being associated mainly with achievements, is not an indicator of adaptation processes.