This paper presents the testing of a new method for determining sex from the reproductive organs of immature shrews (Sorex). The sex was determined using 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 6% apple cider vinegar (CH3COOH). Research on mammalian reproduction is of great theoretical and practical importance. It determines the dynamics of the number of animals and is used in its forecasts.The sex ratio has a significant influence on the intensity of reproduction. Many researchers cannot determine the sex when dissecting young insectivores. The genital organs of shrews are difficult to see because of their small size, their location in the body, the abundance of bodily fluids in the body. Over the two decades of the 21st century, not a few teaching aids have been published, methodological guidelines. These works are devoted to the improvement of small mammal research methods. At the same time, data on identification of the generative organs of immature shrews are not published yet or missing. The purpose of this study is to clarify the sex of shrews using hydrogen peroxide and its catalyst. We took apple cider vinegar as the catalyst. The objective of the study was the use of publicly available, budgetary funds in the autopsy of insectivores for sex identification. During the study, 1000 trap-days and 470 cone-days were worked out, 323 small mammals were taken into account, 220 of them Sorex. The method was tested on 192 immature shrews, the sex difference was found to be 94,3%. Sex organs of small animals changed in shape and color during the reaction, hydrogen peroxide with blood catalase. In 40,3% of males (a fraction of the identified individuals), the spermatic ducts were elevated, and 50,8% - of seminal ducts and testes were discolored. In 35,9% of females, the uterus opened and increased in size, in 49,2% brightened. In 5,7% of specimens, the sex was not established due to postmortem damage to internal organs: 4,1% were eaten, 1,6% were torn up. Using the experience gained will resolve controversial situations in determining the sex of small mammals of all age groups. The applied method is possible in the field and vivarium, as well as in practice when teaching students, graduate students of biological specialties.

This article presents the results of the analysis of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the lichens Cetraria islandica and Cladonia arbuscula, depending on the treatment methods of the layers and the ratio of dilution of the dry extract with water. 40% water-ethanol extract was obtained from living parts of dried lichens collected in an ecologically clean area of Yakutia. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by spectrophotometric method, and the determination of antimicrobial activity was carried out by the disco-diffusion method in agar. The highest content of low molecular weight antioxidants was found in Cetraria islandica at the ratio of dry extract:distilled water is 1:1, and in the extract from Cladonia arbuscula - at a ratio of 1:5. At the same time, it is shown that the preliminary mechanochemical treatment of raw materials of lichen layers (particle size up to 1 mm) increases the yield of low molecular weight antioxidants by up to 50% compared with coarse grinding (particle size 2 mm). The antibacterial activity of the studied lichens was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli when diluting the dry extract with water 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5. The most significant antibacterial effect was detected in the extract of the studied lichens in a ratio of 1:1. The diameter of the bacteriostatic zone on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and E. coli under the action of the extract of Cetraria islandica was 12 ± 0.14 mm, 11± 0.12 mm and 12± 0.13 mm, respectively. Suppression of the growth zone with Cladonia arbuscula extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli was 15±0.18 mm, 12±0.20 mm and 13±0.20 mm in diameter, respectively. The results were commensurate with the action of oxacillin, but more effective than the action of penicillin, which served as a control.

The display of nano objects to this day remains one of the most difficult and urgent tasks of science and technology. The characteristic disadvantages of existing microscopy methods for studying nano objects are the lack of image volume. To fill this gap, together with St. Petersburg State University and Northeastern Federal University, an electron-holographic installation is being developed to study the structure of thin films, fibers and macromolecules, operating under ultra-high vacuum conditions. To get a complete picture of the investigated object, a system of coarse and fine movement is used. In order to obtain reliable and accurate data, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of positioning of the sharp cathode relative to the object under investigation. To improve accuracy, drawings of a new fine movement created on the basis of piezoceramic tubes of the PT130 series were created during scientific research. The accuracy of coarse movement was improved due to the use of the absolute encoder M6A2-38F10B-5C-2.5M. A functional diagram has been created for the Kendroscope installation, which made it possible to create a control program for coarse and fine movement with feedback along the Z axis. The program allows you to control the process automatically and manually. Due to the presence of feedback along the Z axis, it became possible to protect against piercing of the object under study by the tip when approaching and scanning.

To date, the main construction materials have been concrete, brick, timber, steel. Improvement of their operational properties is a priority of modern scientific research. It becomes highly relevant to improve durability and qualities of construction materials used in construction of massive items, work on beddings, foundations, hydraulic structures, etc. Existing materials behave differently in different climatic zones, especially in cold climate zones. Of particular importance are these issues for seismically unstable territories, as well as for the climatic zones of the Far North, where low temperatures in winter and sharp annual temperature fluctuations with an amplitude of 105 degrees are observed. Frequent transitions through 0 degrees during the day during the autumn and spring periods, increased solar radiation due to transparency of the atmosphere, high humidity in Arctic climate zones have a negative impact on the strength properties of structural materials. The use of polymer impregnation for coating of concrete and wooden structures is one of effective methods for production of structural materials with high operational characteristics, with minimal economic costs [1-3]. These impregnations can be used not only in new construction, but also for the restoration of degraded products and structures. The paper presents the trials of modifications of M200 heavy concrete, light concrete based on locally sourced raw materials of Yakutia and local polymer impregnated lumber “Amokor”; as a result of the experiment data on improvement of strength characteristics of analysed materials has been obtained. Accelerated climatic tests of M200 heavy concrete were carried out, as well as mechanical tests for compression and bending, along with fractional analysis of concrete to study the structure of the materials before and after modification. It has been shown that modification of M200 concrete causes a decrease in porosity, partial dissolution of brittle components, which has led to an increase in strength properties. For light concrete, studies were carried out on the effect of cement percentage on the strength of modified and unmodified samples. It was found that the strength of the modified samples has reached the maximum at 6.5% cement ratio. Same modification of lumber leads to a general increase in its strength.

Written descriptions of the spiritual and material culture of the Yakut people are of great interest not only from the scientific point of view but also for ordinary people because it is a source of illuminating and reliable information about the past of the people. Such descriptions were made in both Yakut and Russian languages and also translated from Yakut. The main points of interest here are the names of culture-specific elements that are categorized as culture-specific words. The accuracy and indisputability of such words-equivalents in another language, as well as the objectivity of explanations as an auxiliary element of the translation of culture-specific elements, are also relevant for the preservation of the culture of the people and the transmission of knowledge about this culture. In the article, we have attempted to rank the translation options for the terms of the Yakut folk music art by the complexity of the description. Such gradation is of practical relevance for translation students and novice translators. The methodology is simple and applicable for similar work with texts of other areas of the Yakut culture. We used the method of continuous sampling from scientific and popular-science works on the Yakut folk music, found 145 terms, and then grouped as follows: a) by theme, b) by translation shift used in scientific texts in Russian, c) by the level of information given - transcription, analog, description. In the future, we plan to create a college dictionary containing various names and definitions of terms of other branches of the culture used in texts of different genres. Translation options for Yakut culture-specific terms can be used in different types of Yakut-Russian translation: for oral and adapted translations, it will be mainly selecting an analog. For more extensive texts compiling commentaries based on options from the college dictionary that have been copied before from hard-to-access scientific texts would be more suitable.

Gastronomic discourse is defined as a special type of communication, which is associated with the characteristics of the state of food products and the processes of their consumption. The term "gastronomic discourse" correlates with terms naming other types of discourses (political, religious, legal, medical, etc.). The purpose of the article is to reveal the evaluative and conceptual nature of the strategies of gastronomic discourse and to establish ways to implement axiological strategies of pragmonyms justifying and promoting relevant meanings motivated by the taste registers of the product. The relevance of the topic under study is due to the fact that all the attributes of gastronomic culture reflected in the discourse have not only purely utilitarian, pragmatic properties, but also a certain symbolic content, create a certain linguistic and cultural context. The analysis of practical material shows that according to such registers of taste as organoleptic and aesthetic, a person's attitude to tastes is different: positive - to sweet, neutral - to sour, somewhat negative - to bitter. The market in the context of globalization provides ample opportunities to get acquainted with the gastronomic culture of different peoples. Modern Russian mass media - the press, television, the Internet - offer their users a variety of culinary programs: these are special TV channels, cooking shows and TV series. In the modern world, advertising remains one of the most effective ways to attract the attention of consumers. The article presents morphological-syntactic and lexical-semantic ways of forming pragmonyms (names of food products, dishes of restaurants and cafes). The most effective is considered to be advertising, which combines the rational and emotional, i.e. affects both the mind and the feelings of the consumer. In advertising products, dishes of restaurants and cafes, verbal text is the main carrier of rational information, and iconic is more effective in conveying emotional mood. Any advertising campaign is based on the psychological characteristics of the product, so food advertising is often based on a "sensual video series". In advertising texts, where the emphasis is on the taste of the proposed product, the whole paradigm of the word "taste" is used.

The relevance of the current paper lies in the comparison of pragmatic strategies and their tactics within the framework of the narrative of representatives of two different cultures - German and Russian. The research was carried out on the material of German and Russian literary works. The analytical corpus of the paper includes novels “Urlaub mit Papa” (2010), “Tante Inge haut ab” (2013) by Dora Heldt, novelette “Lyus-A-Guard” (1996) by D. M. Truskinovskaya, novel “Mura's Love” (2013) by N. V. Baytov. The paper is aimed at revealing the features of the female narrative in the linguistic and cultural aspect. Observation of the specificity of the female narrative in the literary works by German and Russian authors makes it possible to formulate the following tasks based on comparative analysis: 1) to identify strategies of pragmatic orientation in the female narrative; 2) to identify the tactics and language means used by females in implementing pragmatic strategies; 3) to characterize pragmatic specificity of the female image in two different cultures. A versatile study of the female narrative in the literary works of German and Russian authors makes is possible via linguistic analysis to determine linguistic characteristics of females’ expressions at lexical, syntactic and stylistic levels. The method of linguo-culturological analysis of the subject of female narrative based on the cultural aspect reflects the main provisions of Cultural Linguistics, which postulate the unity of culture and national language. The findings revealed pragmatic features that showed a female in German culture as a pragmatic personality, creating a system of statements, views on life and actions aimed at obtaining useful practical results, while a female in Russian culture is romantic, requires support, is influenced by public opinion and, despite all the obstacles, strives to the set goal. The results of this observation may be used as a guideline in the study of pragmatic strategies of females from other cultures.

The subject of the research in the article are the stories “On Official Duty” by A. P. Chekhov and “Master and Man” by L. N. Tolstoy, which complete the “blizzard” text of Russian literature. The comparison of these stories seems to be very relevant, since its results are able to correct the ideas about the “blizzard» text of Russian literature as a whole, to affect the understanding of its dynamics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the creative dialogue of writers reflected in these works. Deploying the “blizzard” universal in the story “Blizzard”, the novels “War and Peace” and “Anna Karenina”, the treatise “What is my faith?”, Tolstoy follows the Pushkin tradition, supporting the concept of “blizzard-fate” even in its infernal outburst and introducing the blizzard into the broad context of religious and philosophical searches. Chekhov, in the stories “The Witch”, “On the Way”, “Thieves”, inverts this traditional plot, demonstrating how the hero of the “blizzard” text crushed. Chekhov's “ironic revision” of the “literary heritage”, which previously led to the inversion of the “blizzard” plot, in the story “On Official Duty” gives way to a serious and not without sympathy dialogue that Chekhov conducts with his predecessors on the “blizzard” text, and first of all with Tolstoy. “Master and Man”, acting in relation to Chekhov's story as a pretext, offers the scenario that leads to the epiphany of the characters. The objectives of this study are precisely to identify the similarities between the works of the two authors, which becomes possible through the use of methods of comparative and motivic analysis involving elements of structural and mythopoetic analysis. The semantics of both titles refer to the topic of the service. In both texts, the social status of the characters and their understanding of the meaning of existence are antithetical: the life of characters of a higher social status in the stories of Chekhov and Tolstoy turns out to be meaningless in contrast to the existence of people from the people. Journeys made in a blizzard allow the heroes to change their ideas about life. The change of the existential position is facilitated by “blizzard” dreams, united by common themes and motives.

The purpose of this article is to study the representation of the elements of carnival laughter culture that are actively implemented in the novel "A man lives only once" by the Yakut writer S. P. Danilov. The problems discussed in this article relate to the issues of self-identification, the specifics of the mental landscape, and the definition of the boundaries of marginality in a literary text. An unexpectedly interesting interpretation, undertaken in relation to the reception of artistic material about the civil war in Yakutia, is associated with the prospect of studying this topic in the aspect of the concept of carnival, proposed by M. M. Bakhtin. In the context of this article, the interpretation of the inversion category, which is actively involved in the organization of the literary novel chronotope in the modeling of binary pairs of west-east, city-village, red-white, friend-foe, etc., also receives a special, claiming to be new. The representation of the theme of the civil war in the aspect of the carnival system contributes to the disclosure of the system of artistic means and techniques that reflect the transformation of the literary hero - a hero of a new type, crossing the existential boundaries of the old world and creating a new cultural world. The author considers the functioning of the category of inversion as one of the effective means of reflecting cultural universals that are updated in the texts of literature.

Within the framework of this article "Dictionary of the Yakut language" E. K. Pekarsky is studied from the perspective of the scientific problem of supertext. In linguistic and literary studies, supertext is considered as a multidimensional, cross-temporal, cross-personal, polygenre phenomenon, which is within the perceived integrity of a certain number of independent texts, while integrity as a paradigmatic component is a constitutive part of supertext. In supertexts, the text component forms intertextual connections and is revealed in the textual concept sphere, and at the same time forms supertextual connections, forming a single text space. Supertext as a verbal and semantic phenomenon undergoes many interpretations and variations, but the principle of integrity and contextuality can be singled out as a fundamental component. As research methods, general scientific research methods such as description, semantic-stylistic, contextological and structural analysis were used, which make it possible to identify problems of semantic transformation within the framework of the phenomenon of supertext and allow fixing the text in the space of the cultural concept sphere. The “Dictionary of the Yakut language” by E. K. Pekarsky, as a massive information resource, lexicographic and historical monument, has more than once become the object of many interdisciplinary studies. The value of this dictionary is not only linguistic, but also in historical and cultural terms, the dictionary reflects the linguistic picture of the world, reveals the historical features of the time period. Moreover, the dialectical unity of objective and subjective inherent in a bilingual encyclopedic dictionary is clearly defined and highlighted. The objectivity of the "Dictionary of the Yakut language" E. K. Pekarsky is seen in the external manifestation of the form as a multi-volume dictionary, but at the same time it includes the subjective, that is, it reflects a person with his consciousness and needs. As a specific characteristic of supertext, the relations of the collective sender and addressee, the integrity of perception and their dual nature are singled out. As a result of the study, we come to the conclusion that on the basis of such specific features as cross-temporality, cross-personality "Dictionary of the Yakut language" E. K. Pekarsky can be qualified as a special kind of supertext. "Dictionary of the Yakut language" E. K. Pekarsky, which combines the features of a translation and encyclopedic dictionaries, refers to a conditional closed supertext, which has a significant degree of structural and thematic certainty.

The identification of semantic and stylistic accuracy of the Olonkho texts translated into Russian by V. V. Derzhavin and E. S. Sidorov “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift” by analyzing their vocabulary to recommend the best option for publication in print is our goal, the task is to study such aspects as idiomatic expressions, phraseological units and archaisms in the Olonkho text translated from Yakut into Russian. Special attention is paid to the most accurate translation of stable epic formulas that are difficult to translate. It is impossible to cover the entire volume of Olonkho in the article, and in this work only the most frequently used archaisms and common expressions are considered. The textual principle of our research requires a comparative method of study, for which we had to refer to sources. As a primary source we used the text of Olonkho in the Yakut language, published by the Yakut State Book Publishing House in 1930. The translation variant from the 1975 subscript by V. V. Derzhavin, which has been published the same year by the Yakutsk Book Publishing House is also being considered. Moreover, the manuscript translation from the Yakut language, made in 2010 by a native speaker, a scholar of languages, history and culture of many peoples of the world, orientalist E. S. Sidorov, has also been utilized. These texts of Olonkho translations represent the subject of our study, vocabulary being the object of consideration. Translators of an epic work has to solve many difficult problems in order to avoid semantic and figurative losses, inevitably leading to the depletion of the entire lexical system of the text. Analysis of the Olonkho text from the language of subscript translation performed by V. V. Derzhavin revealed the need for deeper analysis into the essence of epic vocabulary, necessary for the correct elucidation of images and the essence of their actions leading to the interpretation of the ideological content of Olonkho.