In the Vendian (650–541 Ma), the modern territory of Siberia, located close to the paleoequator, was a separate continent. The warm seas on the Siberian platform were favorable for the development of microorganisms, with their remains preserved in fossilized forms in carbonate sediments. In 1972, columnar stromatolites in the Porokhtakh formation (Vendian, Olyokma river) of the northwestern slope of the Aldan anteclise were named "Jurusaniatuructachica". Their presence has also been established in the Byuk formation of the Vendian in the south of the Berezovsky trough. What was the ecosystem of this stromatolite at the time of its formation? This issue is the subject of the article, based on the previously described methodology and results. Stromatolites were formed in the shallow waters of the epicontinental sea. They were formed by coccoid cyanobacteria and lamellar green algae, whose rock-forming vital activity laid the foundation in the form of stratified stromatolites. Similar to modern algae, Vendian forms supposedly released organics such as carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, phenols and enzymes into the aquatic environment. In addition to algae, cyanobacteria also formed starches. The ecosystem of stratified stromatolites abundant in organic matter attracted aquatic unicellular yeast fungi that fed on ready-made organics and parasitized algae thalli. Yeast reproduced by spore formation, division and budding. Cells (individuals) grew through the bulging of the coating and outgrowths formation. By comparison with modern yeasts, the Byuk forms, evidently, reproduced and grew very quickly within a favorable paleoecosystem. Thus began the growth of columnar stromatolites ("Jurusaniatuructachica"). In the ecosystem under discussion, due to the changing nature of the tides, the yeast-mycelial fungi Sakhi solomonovi first appeared, and then the mycelial fungi Surninia implicate. This is how initially aquatic fungi gradually adapted to terrestrial conditions. It is known that there are a great number of fungi on the Earth and they are very diverse, as their formation began no later than 500 million years ago.

Currently,  there is an increase in cancers, including lung cancer in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and in regions with an increased level of natural radiation, there is a difference in the number of oncological diseases compared to other regions with a normal radiation background. In this connection, there is a need to study the radiation background and its effect on the human body, the effect of ionizing radiation on the growth and development of oncological diseases. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for determining the concentration of radon in an aqueous medium by determining the ratio between instantaneous and equilibrium radon activity in an aqueous tincture of crushed uranium ore using liquid scintillation alpha and beta spectrometry. During the experiments, a modified sample preparation method was developed, the proportions of alpha and beta decays of radon daughter decay products (DDP) were calculated, their activity was measured on a liquid scintillation spectrometer SL-300 with a minimum detectable activity of 1 Bq/l, a graph of the dynamics of the decrease in the volumetric activity of radon and its DDP, a comparative graph of radon decay was obtained depending on the time. The developed methodology will allow for a more accurate analysis of water samples from reservoirs of areas with a uranium deposit. In the future, based on the results of this initial study, it is possible to determine the dependence of the incidence of lung cancer on the concentration of radon in the environment, to form fundamental ideas about the role of radiation in the occurrence and development of cancer.

To date, there is a growing trend in the world to introduce heat pumps into heat supply systems. Due to the ability to use low-potential heat as a source, the heat pump has high energy efficiency parameters. In this regard, the calculation of the heat pump cycle with various sources of low-potential heat is an important task in assessing the feasibility of introducing a heat pump into isolated power supply systems in the Arctic territories of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The paper considers three sources: soil; pond and air with temperatures of -5 °C, 2 °C, 5 °C, respectively. The use of a heat pump circuit with an intermediate heat exchanger is proposed for an additional increase in efficiency. Freon of the R134a brand, which is part of the ozone-safe group, was selected as the working medium. Calculations of thermodynamic parameters of the cycle of operation of a heat pump with an intermediate heat exchanger are carried out. From the obtained calculation data, graphs of the freon cycle in the p,h –diagram are constructed. A graph of the dependence of the electric power transformation coefficient (COP) on the temperature of a low-potential heat source is constructed. It is revealed that for various sources of low-potential heat, the value of the electric power transformation coefficient (COP) remains greater than 1, which corresponds to the effective mode of operation. Also, the maximum value of the electric power transformation coefficient (COP) equal to 2.5 is achieved when using low-potential air heat with a temperature of +5 ° C as a source. Based on the calculations, the dependence of the electric power transformation coefficient (COP) on the temperature of low-potential heat is observed. This is due to the costs of compression operation in the compressor, namely the energy costs of the electric drive. The technical feasibility of introducing a heat pump into isolated power supply systems of the Arctic regions of Yakutia is shown.

The article discusses the metaphor with a color component in the language of medicine. In the scientific world, there is an increasing interest in the study of color in various aspects of science. In modern research, the metaphor is associated not only with a subject cognizing reality, but with a person who is in being, with the way of human existence in the world. Modern theory believes that the very existence of a metaphor asserts the primacy of figurative meanings. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that medical metaphors with a component of color designation concretize the disease and play an important role in expanding the professional picture of the world of a medical specialist, and also indicate the development of medicine and its language, which carries complex information about the disease, drug, symptom, etc. The article uses the following research methods: the method of dictionary definitions, the method of component analysis, with which the semantic structure of medical metaphors with a component of color meanings is reconstructed, the descriptive method, the method of traditional empirical observations. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time medical metaphors with a component of color designation will be systematized, thematic groups on subject areas of medicine are defined, their semantic features reflecting special knowledge defining the features of the worldview in the medical community, discourse as an activity provided by language are considered. Medical metaphors with a color component perform particularly important functions for the successful professional communication of a doctor and are unique and irreplaceable means of communication.

Associative image is the cognitive entity that cannot be directly observed, of which the analysis is one of the key problems considered by ethnopsycholinguistics. As the central referent for metaphorization, the associative image Moon is actively studied home and abroad. This article is dedicated to the comparative analysis of the associative image Moon in the language mind of Russian and Chinese cultural speakers, from the perspective of lexicographic and associative semantics. The aim of the study is to identify national and cultural specificities of categorizing associative image in the two cultures. The interpretation is based on materials from various etymological and explanatory dictionaries, Russian associative dictionary, as well as the results of a free associative experiment conducted with 550 Chinese students in November 2022. The following methods are used as semantic analysis tools: component analysis, free associative experiment, classification of associative fields and Chi-square test. Statistical analysis is carried out using the SPSS 26.0 and Loglikelihood and Chi-square Calculator 1.0, which together provide a description of the content and structure of the associative fields of the associative image Moon. Based on the results of comparative analysis, conceptual and evaluative characteristics of the image at different linguistic levels are identified, and their commonalities and differences are summarized.

The topic “Tolstoy and medicine” has long been the object of scholarly attention, since the writer himself was interested in medical knowledge, expressed his own ideas about it, and often gave an assessment of various medical ideas. At present, interest in this topic is growing, as the study of the relationship between literature and medicine in modern philology is an important area of research. Meanwhile, the artistic system of Leo Tolstoy's works is hardly considered in scientific works devoted to medical discourse. The object of research in this article is the story “The Raid”. This text is marked by the appearance of the figure of a doctor in the narrative, it represents the processes of illness and dying, therefore we consider it as “pathographic” (as defined by K. A. Bogdanov). The purpose of the research is to study in detail the medical trace in the story. The medical component of the work is revealed, on the one hand, on the level of the characters, and on the other hand, which is especially interesting, on the level of the narrator. The episodic appearance of the doctor is significant, the pathology that he notes does not sound medical, but Tolstovian and is repeated by the narrator. The function of treatment is not realized in the story, since the violation of the integrity of an individual in war and the very space of war are painful processes that cannot be rationally ordered. In contrasting the rational knowledge of the doctor and the irrational knowledge of the “wounded”, the author's reassessment of the first experiences of writing is revealed. In addition, the very impossibility of restoring integrity indicates the autonomous nature of the existence of the disease in the structure of the work. The following methods were used in the research: structural and hermeneutic.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the poetics of the work of the first Yakut poetess V.N. Potapova (1946-1979). The problem of adaptation of female somatic perception in the literary context is considered not sufficiently studied layer of modern literary criticism, especially from the point of view of poetics. The relevance of the research is justified by the need to study the features of the poetics of the individual author’s style of V. Potapova as the main formative features of the ‘female’ type of text in the literature of Yakutia. The novelty is determined by the possibility to identify the specific parameters of the construction of a separate poetic text of the author as a vivid example of the interpretation of the female worldview in the literary context. The purpose and objectives are focused on the “internal” immanent analysis of the lyrical text, the identification of its basic structuring principles. As a local field of philological analysis, the textbook work of the poetess “The Dream of the Birch Tree” was chosen.  As a result of the research, the fact about the initial transformative stages of the process of adapting female self-consciousness into poetic speech is recorded. It is proved that the types of sound organization, combining and varying with other levels of the text (subject, syntactic, metric, lexical, space-time, etc.) create samples of poetic speech with an original functioning type of subject – female. The conclusion is substantiated about the works of V. Potapova as texts of the classical canon, which are fixed in the context of national literature as solid, stable, well-established from the point of view of formal and substantive aspects. The work of the first Yakut poetess V. Potapova is an interesting and productive research material that requires a comprehensive literary analysis, the implementation of new methods and approaches in revealing the features of individual style. 

The present article is devoted to the study of motivational signs of the nomination of wildlife objects in the Olyokma Yakuts' vocabulary. The research material was collected during the linguistic field research in the Olyokma District, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), from August 12 to 20, 2022. Empirical material was collected through a survey of 24 respondents residing in the Olyokma District. The recorded material contains words that were not previously registered in lexicographic sources; which for the first time are subjected to scientific processing in the framework of this article, which determines the relevance of the presented work. The study applies descriptive analysis to identify the main patterns of motivational signs of wildlife object nomination in the dialectal vocabulary of Olekma Yakuts and quantitative-statistical method in order to find out the most productive models of their formation. During the study 29 lexical units were distributed into the following groups: phytonyms (45%), zoonyms (34.4%), ichthyonyms (17.2%), myconyms (3.4%). As the study statistics show, the overwhelming majority of the material consists of phytonyms and zoonyms. The Olyokma District has a relatively mild climate compared to the rest of Yakutia. Accordingly, the local areas are very interesting in terms of floristic and faunistic diversity. In Olyokma District there is no such abundance of ichthyofauna as, for instance, in Arctic regions of Yakutia. And, as our study has shown, ichthyonims in the dialect of Olyokma Yakuts are not so abundant (17.2%). And the presence of a small percentage of myconyms (3.4%) was initially assumed. The culture of eating mushrooms as food is not so developed among Yakuts, as our ancestors obtained all necessary substances from animal and plant products from ancient times.

This article analyses metaphorical uses of the following somatisms: arghas ‘back’, biil ‘waist’, byar ‘liver’, süreх ‘heart’, tӧbӧ ‘head’, tumus ‘nose, beak’, which denote elements of the elevated relief of the earth’s surface in modern Yakut in comparison with other Turkic languages. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe of orographic terms, formed from somatisms in the Yakut language and to accomplish the following tasks: systematization of somatisms in the orographic terminology of the Yakut language, its classification by thematic groups and comparative analysis of Yakut somatisms, which denote elements of the elevated relief, with the respective these in the Turkic and Mongolian languages. The Yakut orographic vocabulary is considered endangered due to a number of sociolinguistic and socio-economic reasons; there is an urgent need of its collection, systematization, study and preservation in linguistic databases. The research used the method of a lexico-semantic analysis, the comparative method and experimental methods, e.g. elicitation of research data during the field work. The data used in this article have been collected from Yakut dictionaries, databases and written sources as well as obtained from informants during field research trips. Conventionally, we divided the Yakut somatisms used as orographic terms into two groups: 1) lexemes denoting the external parts of the human and animal body; 2) lexemes denoting the internal organs of humans and animals. For the comparative analysis lexicographic sources in the Turkic languages were used. It also showed that the somatic vocabulary in these Turkic languages is largely common. The use of this vocabulary in orographic terms also coincides. At the same time, in these Turkic languages, there are differences in terms of the composition of the metaphorical meanings of the analyzed somatisms. In the Turkic languages, conformity is observed, which are: 1) Сommon-Turkic orographic terms-somatisms; 2) orographic terms-somatisms connecting the Turkic languages of Siberia with the Kypchak. Somatic terms are characteristic of the orographic terminology of Mongolian languages in general, they are also found in the geographical terminology of Manchu-Tungus languages. On this reason, somatisms can be considered as an additional source for understanding the patterns of formation of the orographic terminology of Siberia and its specific features.

The article is devoted to the figurative nomination of Chinese national dishes. The purpose of the article is to study Chinese gastronyms with metaphorical semantics as a fragment of the figurative system of the Chinese language. The authors consider two groups of metaphors: anthropomorphic (Henan is the mother of all cuisines of the Celestial Empire ‒ Yu tsai (豫菜), Sichuan is the queen of modern Chinese cooking - Chuan tsai (川菜 ) and ontological (Shaved noodles (刀削面), woody mushrooms muer (木耳) or Juda’s ear), which arose on the basis of the associative connection of subject images and have identical, from the nominator’s point of view, properties. The combination of the figurative and the real (objective and situational) in the motivations of gastronyms is due to the very essence of the general figurative nominative model, conditioned by the practical activities of the Chinese society. Eventbased naming can contain qualitative, albeit subjective, characteristics of gastronyms. This group of the studied material is informative from the point of view of historical or everyday facts from the life of Chinese society, which indirectly reflect a single incident, an occurrence. For example, “Godmother”

(老干妈) ‒ the nickname of Tao Huabi, the owner of a large company, passed into the category of ergonym (company name) Guiyang Nanming Laoganma Flavor Food Co., Ltd., then into the category of gastronym (Godmother Sauce) and the logo of a fashion clothing brand. Parallel names are synonymous names, unrelated to each other and related to the same nomination object. For example, “The pearl of Shandong cuisine – musyuzhou” (木须肉) or “bachelor dish”. The most popular grocery stores have a more extensive hierarchy of synonymous rows for their designation.