Microorganisms are the primary link in the food chain, as well as sensitive indicators of anthropogenic pollution of the marine environment. They act as a powerful biotic factor causing the elimination of organic pollutants of natural and anthropogenic origin from the marine environment, thus participating in the circulation of substances. The increasing anthropogenic pressure changes the structure of marine microbial communities and transforms structural and functional relationships in the marine ecosystem. Therefore, it is extremely important to study changes in the structure of the microbial community in conditions of chronic environmental pollution. The water area b was chosen as a model testing ground. The Golden Horn is characterized by an extremely high level of chronic pollution associated with both the processes of infrastructure development and emergency cases of anthropogenic origin. Standard microbiological methods were used to assess the quality of the environment. Ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms in the surface waters of the water area were studied. B. Golden Horn. Based on the results of microbial indication, the distribution of bacterioplankton numbers is shown and the quality of the environment of the bay under a powerful year-round anthropogenic pressure is assessed.

This review paper discusses the potential use of saline groundwater from the Siberian Platform for cultivating the branchiopod crustacean Artemia salina L. (Carl Linné, 1758). In natural environments, A. salina occurs in saline and brackish continental water bodies in North America, Central Asia, Urals, and Siberia. The authors propose that an A. salina farm be opened at the fish hatchery in Chernyshevsky, which was established to prevent the loss of fishery resources during construction of the Vilyui Hydropower Station. Recently, production at the Mir diamond pipe has been ceased due to difficult hydrogeologic conditions, rising the need for its reorientation. There are following prerequisites for the proposed aquiculture: the existing fish hatchery in Chernyshevsky, the large resources of saline groundwater, and the well-developed infrastructure of the diamond mine. Production of A. salina as fish food would enable increasing the number of larvae of ciscoes hatched and reared through the early life stages at Chernyshevsky Hatchery. Its personnel can be easily retrained for farming A. salina.

This article presents the results of research of ontomorhpogenesis Pulsatilla flavescens (Zucc.) Juz. and Pulsatilla multifida (G. Pritzel) Juz. They are grassy perennial herbs of the family Ranunculaceae. They are early-blooming kinds (april-may). They have medicinal value, and very decorative during flowering. They are poisonous. Pulsatilla flavescens - an endemic to Siberia. We studied morphogenesis of shoots during ontogeny using conventional methods and approaches. The concept of the modular organization of plants is used in research. The shootformational model of the investigated kinds was characterized by T.I. Serebryakova. We studied the features of the formation of the life forms of Pulsatilla flavescens (Zucc.) Juz. and Pulsatilla multifida (G. Pritzel) Juz., characteristic features of their adaptation to the environment in the process of ontomorphogenesis. From the point of view of modular organization of plants we studies, the structure of shoots shooting system using three categories of modules: elementary, universal, essential. Modular organization of individuals of research objects is described in each ontogenetic state, its scheme is made. The ontogenesis of the research kinds is shown. In ontogeny of species 3 periods and 9 ontogenic states were distinguished. In ontomorphogenesis is picked out 5 main phases of the formation of the life form (phases: plantlet, rosette monopodial plant with tap root, short rhizome taproot plant, generative plant, postgenerative plant). The life form of the objects of study is a taproot monopodially growing polycarpic with a system of rosette vegetative and generative shoots. These kinds have a monopodial rosette model of shoot formation. The shootformational models reflect the features of morphology of ontogehetic states well enough and supplement traditional ones they extend the biomorphological characteristic of the studied kinds.

Large mega-projects for the development of oil and gas reserves have a great impact on the state of natural ecosystems. The Namana river in hydrobiological terms was unexplored, earlier information about the studies of this river is absent in the literature. Therefore, due to the lack of knowledge of the territory, there are often difficulties in assessing the degree of negative impact. The published materials can be used to calculate the damage caused by the oil and gas complex to the ecosystems of the region. The aim of the work is to identify some aspects of the ecology of the water biota of the Namana river. A total of 40 samples were taken for the quantitative and qualitative composition of zooplankton. Material on ichthyology are 41 instance fish. The material was processed by conventional methods. Eight species of fish belonging to one class, three orders, six families and eight genera are established. The catches were dominated by species such as grayling and lenok, it is a medium-sized fish of interest to commercial and recreational fishing. The fauna of the fish of the investigated watercourse consists mainly of oxyphilic species of fish, demanding the purity of water, its temperature and high oxygen content. According to the survey data, the autumn migration of fish for winter positions takes place in a short time within a few days. Recreational fishing is developed on the river. In the same period of the direct catch was the most strong influence of anthropogenic impact on the fish fauna. In our catches have been absent for such a typical mountain streams species like taimen, which is also evidence of significant pressure of fishing. The autumn zooplankton of the Namana river basin is characterized by relatively low indicators of species diversity, abundance and biomass for the semi-mountainous rivers of Yakutia. The modern faunal composition of zooplankton of the studied watercourses is represented by 23 species belonging to 3 classes, 13 families, 21 genera. The basis of the species diversity is formed by branching crustaceans. The most widely represented by the number of species is the family Chydoridae. At the moment, oil and gas reserves are actively developed in the research area and it is obvious that the negative anthropogenic impact will have a multifactor nature, and in General will significantly increase.

The territory of the Gorny and Khangalassky ulus occupies the southern part of the Central Yakut plain and has absolute heights of 300-400 m. The Sinyaya River (Yakut - Siine) - a river in Yakutia, the left tributary of the Lena River. Length - 597 km, the pool area - 30,900 km². It starts and flows along the Prilensky plateau, on the territory of the three regions of the republic - Verkhnevilyuisky, Gorny and Khangalassky. For the first time the ichthyological composition of the river was studied in 2017. The results of the investigations made it possible to reveal the quantitative and qualitative composition of fish, as well as the ecological characteristics of ichthyofauna and the sanitary status of water bodies. At the moment the ichthyofauna of the Sinyaya River includes 15 species in its middle and lower reaches: Siberian sturgeon - Acipenser baerii (Brandt, 1869), flax - Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773), whitefish - Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758), tugun - Coregonus tugun (Pallas, 1814), round whitefish - Prosopium cylindraceum (Pallas, 1784), northern pike - Esox lucius (Linnaeus, 1758), crucian carp - Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), ide - Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758), sibirean dace - Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus, 1758), minnow - Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758), lake minnow - Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas, 1814), roach - Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758), burbot - Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758), ruff - Gimnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758) and river perch - Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758). The purpose of this study is giving the systematic and biological characteristic of the Siberian dace in the lower.

The present paper shows that electron creation and annihilation operators can be irreducible tensor operators in two spaces, which are the moment space j and the quasi-spin space. Thus, the creation operatorof an electron in a state with moment j and its projection m is an irreducible tensor operator of j rank in the moment space. Similarly, an irreducible tensor operator of j rank in the moment space is annihilation operator of an electron in the same state that obtained from the creation operator by transposition. The annihilation operator of the electron obtained from the creation operator by the Hermitian conjugation is not an irreducible tensor operator. The operator , formed from the creation and annihilation operators , of an electron, has properties similar to the properties of the spin operator S, equal to in units of the Planck constant and can be called quasi-spin. It can be shown that the creation and annihilation operators , of an electron are + and - components of the irreducible tensor operator of rank in the quasi-spin space. Thus, the electron creation and annihilation operators can be combined into one double irreducible tensor operator acting in two spaces, which are angular and quasi-spin.

The principle of least action is used in many areas of theoretical physics - in theoretical mechanics, in electrodynamics, in the general theory of relativity, in quantum mechanics. At the beginning of the twentieth century Max Planck discovered the quantum of action. However, so far the action and the principle of least action do not have a single physical meaning. The purpose of this paper is to interpret the principle of least action on the example of modeling the localization and movement of a free particle. The modelling used the idea of the manifestation of reality as a result of the imposition of systems. The particle motion in Minkowski space is modeled by the imposition of independent subsystems. Introduced a homogeneous space of possible states (or possible subsystems), where possible subsystems do not intersect (not superimposed), but are arranged sequentially relative to each other. It is shown that the motion of a free particle in Minkowski space can be considered as the propagation of a plane wave in the space of possible subsystems with a certain phase velocity. In this case, in the nonrelativistic approximation, the wave coincides with the de Broglie wave, where the phase velocity is equal to the velocity of a particle in Minkowski space. In the case of taking into account the finite velocity of propagation of the interaction, the relativistic effects are clearly manifested in the space of possible subsystems. The basic equations of relativistic dynamics are derived from the quantum representations of particle motion, on the basis of the proposed approach. An interpretation is given of the phase velocity of a particle, with which the negative value of the free particle Lagrangian is associated. The connection between the action for a free particle in relativistic dynamics and the action for a de Broglie wave is revealed. The possibility of generalizing the principle of least action in the space of possible subsystems, from which the Fermat principle and the Maupertuis principle follow, is considered. The proposed presentation does not contradict such currently popular fundamental principles as quantum entanglement and quantum nonlocality, but, on the contrary, suggests the existence of these phenomena.

The myths of Ancient Greece are a huge cultural stratum, which still stirs the minds of not only historians and archaeologists, but also writers and poets. This article focuses on the representation of the Trojan War in postmodern literature. The current research objectives are to consider the representation of the Trojan War in world literature ranging from classical and medieval literature to contemporary postmodern literature, to analyse David Gemmell’s Troy trilogy within the framework of reimagining the myth of the Trojan War in postmodern literature. The subject of research is David Gemmell’s Troy Series and a number of the literary works of world literature in which the ancient myths of the Trojan War are represented to a greater or lesser extent. In the paper, we have used the cultural-historical and comparative-typological methods. The most detailed account of the events of the Trojan War is contained in The Iliad and The Odyssey. In the XIX c., some French poets and writers turn to the Trojan myth. Based on the general trends traced in the formation of modern literature, the myth of the Trojan War is actively used by writers throughout the world. This myth is ambiguously embodied in the works of various postmodern authors. The genres of the postmodern interpretation of the Trojan War are quite diverse. They can be divided into pseudo-historical novels, adventure novels, women’s romantic novels, and fantasy fiction genre. In these novels, special attention is paid to the “humanization” of characters. In Gemmell’s Troy trilogy, all the demigods and legendary heroes are described from the human, realistic and even modern points of view. Despite the coincidence of the character traits between the mythological heroes and the characters of the Gemmell’s novels, the author interweaves the psychological features of the modern man with the images of ancient Greek characters. Therefore, the characters become more realistic. We can also see the feminist ideas in the novels. In the Western classical tradition, the authors paid particular attention to the outline of events, and it let the reader know about what emotional experience the characters had, and what internal changes occurred in them. However, many contemporary authors, reimagining the Trojan War period, focus on the inner world of the characters, their feelings and thoughts. We hope this paper will serve as a basis for further research on the process of remythologization in fiction.

The article discusses the semantic, pragmatic and syntactic aspects of the concept of INTUITION, revealing its objectification in the English language worldview. The objective of the work is to study the conceptual ontology of an irrational understanding, to identify and describe the cognitive structure of the concept under study. The work uses the methods of cognitive interpretation, which consists in the identification and description of cognitive features that form the content of the concept under study; cognitive modeling, which is the construction of idealized structures contingent with the organization of information in the human mind. The cognitive and perceptual forms of intuitive awareness are closely interrelated, reflecting through the prism of human cognitive activity two main components of the phenomenon being studied - intellectual and sensual. In the present work, the categories of sensation and understanding, as components of the semiosphere of the inner world of man, are interconnected and form the medial semantic space of an irrational understanding - intuition. In the semantic aspect, the essence of the concept INTUITION is objectified by conceptual signs of insight, belief, feeling, perception, apprehension, cognition, knowledge, understanding. The structure of irrational understanding includes cognitive signs of surprise, logical groundlessness, unconsciousness and irrationalness. The pragmatic aspect of the INTUITION concept in this article is considered from the standpoint of a positive and negative assessment of this phenomenon by the English-speaking subject. Through the cognitive modeling method, additional conceptual features of the concept under study are identified: the anthropomorphic metaphorical model INTUITION IS A HUMAN BEING, the ontological model INTUITION IS A HUMAN SOUL, the artifact model INTUITION IS A VALUABLE THING. In the syntactic aspect, constructions with connectors are considered that reveal the content of the concept under study and manifest its relationship with such mental-lingual formations as CREATIVITY, EXPERIENCE, SELF-COGNITION, EMOTION, FEELING. The analysis of language factology demonstrates the interdependence of intuition and sensory perception, emotional experience, self-knowledge of a person with creative potential, accumulating direct knowledge, images, symbols and associations from the external world based on social intelligence and abstract sensations. The results can be useful for further study of the semiosphere of the inner world of a person, as well as works on cognitive linguistics and psycholinguistics.

The article deals with the qualification of grammatical structures containing conjunctive infinitive group of the purpose semantics. The topicality of this research is determined by the polemical character of the nomination of these structures in modern syntax: verb collocations, infinitive constructions in the simple sentences, clause of purpose in the complex sentences. Analyzing the basis of each opinion, the author substantiates the convergence and divergence of syntactic structures with the component «чтобы+Vinf» and mono- and poly-predicative sentences to reveal their grammatical status. To solve the problems the author uses traditional methods of functional semantics: observation of the language material, comparison, description with component elements and contextual analysis, logical-semantic transformation in the implementation of functional-semantic and pragmatic approach to language phenomena. Analyzing the structural and semantic features of grammatical structures with the conjunctive infinitive component of the purpose semantics the author shows their convergent attributes with complex sentences: in semantics - a typed grammatical meaning (purpose), a special grammatical form due to modal temporal characteristics (irreal modality, temporal relatedness in future, intentionality), in the structure - a two-part construction, structural indicators of subordination (subordinating conjunction чтобы); while exploring the predicativeness of the infinitive group, the author notes that there is no additional verbal predicativeness in the component «чтобы + Vinf» inherent in complicated by intonation and punctuation-separated infinitive simple sentences, and also the possible correlation of the infinitive group with the subject of the grammatical structures as a whole; modeling a series of parallel syntactic constructions, including destinatives formed by derivative preposition с целью, infinitive constructions formed by subordinating conjunction чтобы and quasi-preposition с целью and verb collocations containing infinitive purpose, shows convergent and divergent signs word-combinations within the mono-predicative sentences. All of the above has allowed the author to assert the special status of the analyzed structures, which are intermediate between simple and complex sentences. In deciding the question of the grammatical status of the component «чтобы+Vinf» and the structures that include it, the author insists on qualifying the first as a clause of purpose, and the syntactic construct as a whole as a pseudo-complicated sentence.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the literary creativity of the young Yakut writer Oleg Amgin (Oleg Sidorov), who presents modern Yakut literature as a prose writer. The original Yakut author broadcasts his own vision of the universe, fused with the problems of today and in the context of the history and culture of the past Sakha people. A peculiarity of the writer's work is his appeal to the story-parable genre, in which the author’s observations about the fate of the homeland, ethnic group, his thoughts about the history and role of the individual in it, his vision of the formation, revival, development and perspectives of the national culture in its synchronous and diachronic aspects. In the aggregate, the literary work of Oleg Amgin represents a single, organic cycle of parable stories, united by a common theme - the history and culture of Yakutia, a philosophical understanding of being in the facts of the past and the present. In general, the work of Oleg Amgin is practically not studied in modern Yakut literary criticism, meanwhile it is an integral part of the modern literary process in Yakutia. The object of our research attention was his stories, published in the Russian journal Zvezda (2012, No.11. - P. 105-117), as well as the book Tsar Tygyn. The Secret of the Northern Tsar (Yakutsk, Polyarki Library, 2016). No 4. - 96 p.). The purpose of the study is to reveal the parable beginning of the small prose of Oleg Amgin. The main research methods: comparative and hermeneutic.

The article is focused on the problem of the classical literary heritage influence, in particular that of N. V. Gogol and F. M. Dostoevsky, on the short story by contemporary prose writer Yu. V. Buyda “Karl the Dwarf”, which is in line with the research trends of literary science. These factors explain the relevance of the work. The article firstly identifies the similarities of the heroes of classical and modern works through semantics of the name and some biographical facts; secondly, semantic transformations of symbols (clock with a pendulum, dance), which, referring to literary primary sources, determine the ideological and artistic depth of the story by Yu. V. Buyda, developing the idea of salvation; thirdly, the image of the boot / shoe as the personification of happiness; fourthly, the relationship of the dog image with motive of the movement of the soul. Identified link between N. V. Gogol, F. M. Dostoevsky and Yu. V. Buyda plays an important part in determining the essence of the conflict between person and the world, as well as the ethical-philosophical concept of the story, in the center of which stands the house as the repository of family values, a reflection of the ideal and happiness. In the image of Karl, whose name refers to N. V. Gogol, the writer’s dark mystery is replaced by the strangeness of the Yu. V. Buyda’s hero, who perceives hard reality as quite a happy one. In contrast to the self-reflection-immersed hero of the “Notes from the Underground” by F. M. Dostoevsky, who feels humiliated, Buyda’s hero does not seek to comprehend life, but accepts it. Using the motive of dance Yu. V. Buyda somewhat narrows his semantics, denoting dance as part of the microworld of the Gomozkov family, while N. V. Gogol’s dance grows to the size of the Universe. Shoes in the story, sacred, on the one hand, correspond to the protagonist of Gogol’s “The Overcoat”, who viewed the overcoat as part of himself; on the other hand, there is a parallel with the works by F. M. Dostoevsky, where the shoes personified both the equipped and the unfinished but alien world, turned out to be a symbol of self-humiliation, unlike in the story by Yu. V. Buyda, where shoes, playing a plot-forming part, serve to express the idea of happiness. In addition, modern writer creates a triad of shoes - the church - the bride, which becomes the key element, symbolizing spiritual transformation. In the finale of “Karl the Dwarf” a clear parallel appears with the final episode of the poem by N. V. Gogol “Dead Souls”, depicting the rapid movement into the unknown of troika as symbol of Russia. Unlike the classic, Yu. V. Buyda confirms the idea of being able to experience the happiness of being through ordinary everyday trifles.

The relevance of the study concerns the dearth of research of the historical development and origin of the Yakut language. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the appellative units of the Yakut language, included in the cognitive sphere "mountain landscape". In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were defined: 1) collecting empirical research material from lexicographic sources and compiling the ideographic classification of the Yakut appellative units within the framework of the cognitive sphere “mountain landscape”; 2) the definition of the etymological characteristics of the Yakut language vocabulary included in the cognitive sphere of the “mountain landscape” (borrowings from the Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus languages); 3) definition of semantic features of the vocabulary of the mountain landscape of the Yakut language in comparison with the Mongolian and Tungus languages. The following research methods were used: lexical and semantic, comparative and historical, descriptive and comparative. In total, 30 appellative units were found that are part of the cognitive sphere of the “Mountain Landscape”, which, in turn, is divided into 3 lexical-semantic groups: 1) mountains, hills; 2) narrow passage, gorge; 3) slopes, cliffs. During the study 8 lexemes of Mongolian origin were revealed: 1) yak. dabaan // mong. davaa(n), bur. dabaa(n); 2) yak. empere // mong. emberekh; 3) yak. khaya//mong. khad(an); 4) yak. meldjegej // bur. monsogoy, monsogor; 5) yak. khapchagai // mong. havcgai; mong. havtsal; 6) yak. kapchaan // mong. tsavchaal I, mong. gatsaa(n); 7) yak. ypsalgan // mong. ibchagu, khalh. jabtsӑguu; 8) yak. buom // mong. boom; 4 lexemes were borrowed from the Tungusic language: 1) yak. djugdjur, yak. djugjuur // tung. djugdu, evenk. djugdir; 2) yak. djaany // mid. tung. jang, evenk jаng; 3) yak. khadaga // evenk. kadaga; 4) yak. khadaar // tung. kadar. Turkic origin was found in 9 cases: syyr, taskyl, enkeet, chochur, megehyn, aartyk, kuula, khaldjajy, enie. At this stage of the research in 9 Yakut lexemes no parallels from other languages were identified. It can be assumed that these appellative units were formed at latest time. In the perspective of the study, we see a deeper study of the vocabulary of the natural environment of the Yakut language as a whole.

Present participles -ar /-yyr /-bat form type, time and modality conjugated forms taking different affixes and combining with auxiliary words. These forms are synthetic and analytical, they have conceptual, temporal and modal meanings. They can be used as a definitive either as a simple or subordinate verbal predicate in the sentence. The stem of the given forms has a temporal meaning, attached to the speech moment in the present, past and future tenses. All forms have temporal and modal meanings associated with duration, ordinariness, episodicity, examination, possibility and obligation. Such participles are conditioned with functioning as a predicative part, thereby reflecting the speaker’s evaluation and attitude to the perfect action by the doer in the present tense, i.e. the speaker expresses perception of the action that is being, was and will be performed by the subject. The tense of these actions with the participle is already expressed as continuous, regular and present, therefore the speaker does not specify them, but he/she can testify the speech moment as present in the past or the possible present and obligatory in the past. This tense is called conditional, i. e. relative. This article describes all types of synthetic and descriptive forms of participle conjugation in -ar / -yyr /-bat in the Yakut language. Generally, all analytical forms have a nominal type of combinability of participles, which possesses different degrees of fusion. In the semantics of descriptive participial forms different meanings can be distinguished, they can express a subject’s attitude to the action, specified by the speaking person; attitude to this action of the speaker.