Rubus arcticus L. (Rosaceae) - rhizomatous semi-shrub, decorative, medicinal, honey-bearing, food, technical (dye) plant. For the rational use, conservation and maintenance of populations of this species, it is necessary to study and analyze the mechanisms of resistance of R. arcticus. The aim of the work is to assess the vital structure of coenopopulations (CP) of R. arcticus L. near the southern border of the species' range. 8 coenopopulations of R. arcticus were studied in various ecological and coenotic conditions of the taiga zone within the Kirov region. According to the vital state, two types of coenopopulations are distinguished: prosperous (CP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7) and depressive (CP 3, 5, 8). According to the results of the research, the most favorable conditions for the growth of R. arcticus are formed in the habitats confined to the edge ecotopes (the edge of the birch forest with aspen and spruce of horsetail-mixed grass) and clearings (the clearing in the birch forest with spruce and pine of pike-mixed grass) of mixed coniferous-deciduous phytocenoses. It is shown that R. arcticus is characterized by both pure (divergent, convergent) and combined (divergent - convergent, convergent-divergent) ontogenetic tactics. To survive in plant communities near the southern border of the species' range, R. arcticus has developed a protective type of ontogenetic strategy.

Vibrations of crystal lattices determine such important properties of materials as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal expansion, and many others; therefore, their study is an urgent and important task. Along with experimental methods of studying the nonlinear dynamics of a crystal lattice, effective methods of computer modeling, such as ab initio modeling and the method of molecular dynamics, are widely used. The method of mathematical modeling is used less often, since the calculation error during its application can reach 10%. At the same time, it is the least computationally expensive method. This paper presents the process and describes the results of mathematical modeling of physical processes in metals and ordered alloys using the Lennard-Jones potential in the MatLab software package, which is well-proven for solving technical computing problems. The theoretical part describes crystal lattices, differential equations of motion for modeling, their initial and boundary conditions, as well as difference approximation. The principle of molecular dynamics modeling using one of the paired potentials was chosen as a modeling method. In the practical part, a computational algorithm, linearization of the number of operations, thermodynamic calculations are presented, the Verlet velocity scheme and the potential of interatomic interaction are described, as well as a step-by-step development of a model in a modeling environment. The following results were obtained: a graph of the three-dimensional distribution of atoms over the computational cell was constructed, which proves the possibility of moving up to five interatomic distances; the estimation of the amplitude-frequency characteristic by the Welch method with the relative root-mean-square error not exceeding 30% was made; a graphical dependence of the binding energies between the present model and the standard data for a metal hcp cell was obtained with an error of slightly more than 3%; the calculation of the optimal model for piecewise-linear approximation was made and its three-dimensional interpolation was constructed. All conducted studies show a good degree of applicability of mathematical modeling to problems of studying dynamic processes in crystal physics.

The article examines the symbolism of syncretic mental macro-formation of a soldier-son mother, which is formed from a symbolic mother macro-concept and two concepts: a son and a soldier. The purpose of the article is to describe the symbolism of a soldier-son mother, enshrined in Russian linguistic culture. The tasks of the article include: 1. Determine the range of symbols of a soldier-son mother. 2. Illustrate the indicated symbolism with the facts of the language. The relevance of the study consists of dividing the symbols of a soldier-son mother into some types. Scientific novelty is included in the first experience of addressing the symbols of a soldier-son mother in Russian linguistic culture. Research methods: descriptive, interpretive, conceptual. Two types of symbols of Russian linguoculture have been identified that implement syncretic mental macroformation of a soldier-son mother: ancient and later, representing two more types of symbols: primordial and borrowed. Six symbols are primordial and, therefore, ancient in Russian linguoculture: 1. Nature - mother; 2. The earth is the mother; 3. Motherland and its late variants: Motherland - Russia. Motherland - Rus’; 4. Mother is the Motherland and the son is a hero; 5. The love of a mother is a pity for her son that transforms into: the love of a soldier-son for his mother is a pity; 6. Mother is a shrine. Six more symbols appear later in the time of formation in the Russian linguoculture: 1. Soldier's mother; 2. Mother is a warrior-protector of her little children (sons); 3. Mother - Motherland and sons - a heroic army; 4. Country / state - family (where the father is the ruler and the mother is the Motherland); 5. A son who does not honor his mother (betrayed her), who failed to protect her; 6. Motherland - Russia and the prodigal sons - emigrants. The last two of these characters are unoriginal. Prospects for further research can be the study of other military concepts and concepts of kinship in the aspect of highlighting their symbolic signs.

The study of questions related to property refers to the traditional problems of ethnography, cultural and social anthropology, cultural linguistics. The article is devoted to the study of the Buryat word zemseg. In the modern Buryat language, this word has following meanings - ‘instrument’, ‘weapon’. But the examination of “The customary law of the Khorinsky Buryats. Monuments of Old Mongolian Writing” and an inventory of the property of the Yangazhinsky Datsan reveal that this word was used to name a movable property in the Buryat language of the XVIII-XIXth centuries. The introduction defines the purpose of the study and briefly describes the degree of study of the problem. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the nomination of the types of property in different historical eras can tell us a lot about the patterns of the development of the mentioned legal concepts and lexical means of their objectification. In the Buryat language, vocabulary related to property was the subject of research; in this article for the first time we make an attempt to consider the use of the word zemseg in the meaning of property. The main part considers the use of this term in the meaning of movable property. It meant the decoration of a horse, horse harness, weapons. The decoration of the horse not only provided the possibility of riding, but was also an indicator of the owner's social status and, which is especially important, contained the specific features of the artistic-figurative system of ethnic culture. The main seme inherent in the content of a given word is the seme 'possession'. In the examples, we can see that this property had value and implied the possibility of donation, inheritance. Analysis of the linguistic material suggests that this was a valuable property of not only men, but also women. Then there was a change in the lifestyle of the Buryats, from nomadic to sedentary. As a result of extralinguistic factors, the semantic attribute of the property complex ‘horse decoration’ has lost its relevance, and in the modern Buryat language ‘zemseg’ demonstrates another nuclear semantic zone - ‘weapon’, ‘instrument’. In related Mongolian and Kalmyk languages, this word is found in the meaning of ‘instrument’, ‘weapon’.

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of color perception of the Yakuts people The study of the peculiarities of color designation and color perception from the standpoint of the archetypes of traditional culture makes it possible to reveal the deep unconscious attitudes and collective preferences of ethnic groups. The study of color associations in the modern world is of great practical importance in creating a brand and advertising, organizing the design and production of household items, business and marketing in general. It is promising to consider the possibilities of using the research results in the practice of psychological assistance and psychological counseling. To identify color associations, we used a classic associative experiment, used content analysis to process the results, the stability of the results was confirmed by comparison with earlier studies. The empirical material examines the results of an associative experiment on the example of the perception of red, blue, yellow, green, brown, white and black colors. The analysis of the results was carried out by categories: "Natural and geographical phenomena" ("Seasons", "Time of day", "Nature", "Plants", "Animals", "Geographical place"), "Man" ("Historical personality", "Concrete person", "Social role", "Human organs", "Personal qualities"), "Abstraction" ("Events", "Abstract concepts"), "Objects, things" ("Food", "Clothes", " Objects "," Signs "). The sample consisted of 140 men and women - representatives of the Yakut ethnic group aged from 18 to 70 years. Most often, the color associations of the Yakut people associated with natural and geographical phenomena, man and the subject area, and to a lesser extent were with abstract concepts. The color associations of the Yakut people reflect natural-geographical and climatic factors, pagan and religious-mythological ideas, peculiarities of everyday life and way of life.

The relevance of the article is due to the relentless interest of researchers in the study of Leo Tolstoy life path. Of particular interest are the biographies of the great Russian writer, written in the late XIX-early XX century. The subject of the research is the following biographies of Leo Tolstoy: "Biography of L. N. Tolstoy in 4 volumes" by Pavel Ivanovich Biryukov, "L. N. Tolstoy".Tolstoy and Dostoevsky" by Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky, "An Essay on the Life of Leo Tolstoy" by George Ivanovich Lebedev," The Life of Leo Tolstoy" by May Alden Ward. All these works were written by contemporaries of L. Tolstoy. Each biography presents a special understanding of the spiritual development of the hero, his life path. The writers saw the crisis and turning points of Tolstoy's life in their own way and chose their own narrative concept accordingly, so the purpose of this article is to consider the concept of each author. An important part of the study of biographers is not only the external life of the writer, but also as an integral part of it - the spiritual component. It is worth noting that quite often biographers consider the life of a writer under the prism of his works. Thus, D. S. Merezhkovsky builds a description of the life of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky on the principle of reflecting the spiritual and life path in their relationship with the works. The author begins the chapter "The Life of Leo Tolstoy and Dostoevsky" with the words that the path of the writer is somehow reflected in his work. G. I. Lebedev and M. O. Ward turn to the works of the writer to show his spiritual questmore reliably. Biryukov wonders whether it is necessary to focus special attention on the literary work of the hero, because the creative life as such is not a biography, and therefore is not the center of description in this work. According to the biographer, this direction of the writer's life is rather the subject of discussion by critics than biographers. In the course of the study, comparative-historical and typological methods were used. Further study of the biographies of Leo Tolstoy is extremely promising, as it helps to look at the personality of the great writer through the prism of various interpretations.

The article considers the significance of the figure of P. P. Bazhov as the editor of the almanac "The Ural Contemporary" in the last years of the author's life. The long-term work of the famous writer in the almanac remains practically unexplored. To recreate an accurate historical picture, studies of archival documents, as well as published memoirs of Bazhov's contemporaries, were conducted. In particular, the article analyzes Bazhov's statement at the meeting of the Sverdlovsk branch of the Union of Soviet Writers of December 20, 1949, in which the author refuses both the post of editor of the almanac and the post of managing the writers collective in the Urals. The versatile activity of P. P. Bazhov is studied, which made it difficult for him to devote a large amount of time to organizing and deputy activities, editorial work in the almanac and publishing house, and, most importantly, the actual literary work. On the basis of critical articles and minutes of party meetings, the characteristic shortcomings of the almanac are highlighted, which forced Bazhov to find the cause of the dissatisfaction of publishers and writers in his own shortcomings. It turns out that Bazhov, as an editor, tried to correct the situation by promoting the ideas of changes in organizational work, offering to reform the almanac into a magazine, to revise the structure of the publication, to create thematic issues. In each issue of the almanac, he published his own texts to achieve the desired volume of publication, the formation of the literature of the Urals. Based on the study of the documents, it is shown that the self-critical statement of the writer at the meeting, on the one hand, was justified by the heavy load of the author, the state of his health, and on the other - the desire to give way to young staff. It is concluded that the reluctance of the party leadership to release Bazhov from high positions was determined by the "shortage" of writers suitable for the position of editor and chairman of the Sverdlovsk branch of the Union of Soviet Writers, as well as the desire to preserve an authoritative author as the face of the city's writers organization and its printing body.

In this article, an attempt is made to identify ways of translating religious realities from Russian into Yakut, based on the material of our own translation of the Life and Deeds of the Monk and God-bearing Father of our Sergius, Hegumen of Radonezh and All Russia, the wonderworker. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the number of Sakha parishioners is growing every year in the region, people are adopting the Orthodox faith with their families, in this regard, the need to translate theological literature is maturing. The problematic of this study is that today this direction of Russian-Yakut translation is an insufficiently studied area. In this regard, there has not yet been an attempt to develop a dictionary for the translation of religious realities, which can cause certain difficulties when working on translations of literature and texts of an Orthodox character. Thus, the purpose of the annotated article is to attempt to classify the realities used in the original text, to determine and order the methods of translating these lexemes, and also there are statistical data on the use of certain translation techniques, depending on the type of classification of realities provided. We have used such research methods as the method of comparison, collation, observation, analysis and classification. As a result of the study, we propose a classification of the main seven translation methods as transliteration transliteration, transliteration in combination with descriptive translation, transcription, transcription in combination with descriptive translation, tracing, descriptive translation, functional analogue. The key conclusion of the study is a statistical analysis that contains information about the activity of a particular translation method with quantitative indicators. So, the most used translation was with the help of a functional analogue, 135 realities out of 280 were translated using this method. And the least used method was combining transcription with the description, 7 examples out of 280.

Abstact. Recently, in modern literary studies, the question of studying the individual style of a particular writer, which determines his aesthetic perception and worldview, has become one of the most studied. The relevance of this research is determined by the need to analyze the ways of constructing verse, expressive means and tropes, which are one of the parameters that determine the idiosyncrasy and skill of the Yakut poet S. S. Vasilyev. His work "The Younger Son" is the first novel in verse in the Yakut literature, but a special study concerning the issues of artistic originality and poetics of the novel was not carried out in full. In the peculiar rhythmic, sound organization of the verse of the work, in the means of expression used by the author, there is a significant influence of the folklore tradition. The purpose of the research is to reveal the artistic originality of the novel in verse “The Younger Son” by S. S. Vasilyev by studying the features of the verse and the poetic language of the work in the context of identifying folklore traditions; revealing the specifics of using the means of artistic expression that characterize the artistic originality of the novel in verse. To achieve this goal, the tasks of studying the specifics of the genre, theme, plot and compositional construction of the novel in verse are solved, the analysis of the verse organization and the poetic language of the work is carried out. As a result of studying the rhythmic-intonation, sound organization of the verse, as well as the means of verbal imagery used by the poet, the artistic originality of the novel in the verses "The Younger Son" is revealed.

The article describes for the first time the common Türkic lexeme chir «earth», which was assignet to a different part of speech in the course of desementization and is referred to in the Khakass language as a prepositive word - the adverb chir II. The relevance of the study is associated with the need to fully clarify the issue of the origin of this lexeme chir II, as an object of semantic evolution. Verification of our judgments about the genetic and semantic relationship of chir I (earth) and chir II (adverb) is based on the identity of their outer shell and semantic attitudes, implicitly expressed at the pragmatic level. The purpose of the article is to identify the semantic and cognitive features of chir II, recorded in its combination capabilities. In the course of our research, it was found that a given lexeme in a sentence can express: a) a categorical refusal to perform any action; b) a categorical refusal to perform any action in the past tense; c) a categorical prohibition to do anything. The lexeme chir II, in combination with adjectives characterizing a person, expresses the meaning «in general; from nature, from birth»; and in combination with verbs in the form of negation indicates the intensity of the action. Also, in combination with adjectives characterizing a person, the lexeme chir II expresses the meaning «in general; from nature, from birth». We are inclined to believe that the described lexical unit arose as a result of a long process of splitting the polysemantic lexeme chir I with the general meaning «earth, soil». A value judgment about the earth as the material basis of human existence in the semantics of the lexeme chir I, perhaps, develops the concept of the solidity of any actions (categorical refusal, categorical prohibition); nature, innate properties (meaning «from birth; from nature») in the semantics of the lexeme chir II. We believe that this topic has good linguistic potential and prospects for continuing discussions and discussions among linguists - Turkologists, in particular, specialists in the field of historical grammar.