Information is given about the increased content of trace elements in fish bodies after the construction of the Vilyuyskaya HPP. Its content was greatly influenced by the extraction of mineral raw materials, especially by the diamond mining industry. There is study of changes in the habitat conditions of hydrobionts of the rivers of the north-east of Yakutia, including the Kolyma basin, their nutrition, growth and reproduction to analyze changes in size, age and sexual structure in the process of increasing anthropogenic impact.On the basis of morpho-pathological analysis to assess the state of their organisms, as well as to describe the main morphological anomalies in the vital organs of fish (liver, kidneys, gills, gonads), to study the patterns of accumulation of heavy metals and their distribution in the body of fish, and to develop recommendations for optimizing the management of fish resources in the Kolyma basin. A complete general biological analysis for all the fish was carried out (morphometry, size-age composition, population assessment, etc.) and an assessment of anomalies was given by pathoanatomic analysis, and for some fish, special biochemical studies were carried out (blood analysis and determination of the concentration of heavy metals in the organs and tissues of fish). In the studied fish were found kidney stone disease (nephrocalcitosis), pathologies in the skeleton of the fish - a pug-shaped snout, curvature of the gill stamens and ribs, the formation of a hump and the fusion of 2-3 vertebrae in the chest.During intoxication of the body, the following liver and kidney abnormalities were detected: cell death and the appearance of connective tissue in their place. Violation of the structure and functioning of fish populations, the occurrence of deep pathologies and dysfunctions in their bodies led to a decrease in the fishing potential of the reservoirs of Yakutia, including the Kolyma river basin.

Galactic cosmic rays (CR) registered by ground-based detectors are subjected to the main influencing factor along their propagation path - the solar wind, which fills the entire heliosphere. Modulation of CR by the heliosphere leads to the formation of their anisotropic spatial-angular distribution in interplanetary space. In the data of ground-based detectors, such anisotropy manifests itself, due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis, in the form of periodic daily fluctuations in the registered intensity. The parameters of such fluctuations are determined by the state of solar activity and the corresponding changes in the large-scale structure. As a rule, the amplitude of such oscillations is small and amounts to only hundredths of the total flux of CR. However, the anisotropy of CR is an important source of information about the properties and structure of the entire heliosphere. The current picture of modulation of CR in the heliosphere suggests the existence of their excess from directions across the lines of force of the interplanetary magnetic field. Experimental data confirm this picture and, on average, the maximum of fluctuations is observed within 3 and 15 hours local time. Considering that the direction of the field lines remains almost unchanged, it is fair to expect that the aforementioned maximum time should also remain unchanged. However, long-term observations have shown that, depending on the level of solar activity, the time of the maximum can significantly shift to an earlier time. This paper is an attempt to explain the observed amplitude-phase oscillations of semidiurnal variations in the intensity of cosmic rays. Based on current ideas about the interaction of CR with the Earth's atmosphere and the geomagnetic field, calculations of the expected semidiurnal variations in the intensity of CR recorded by world networks of muon detectors and neutron monitors have been carried out. Comparison of the calculated and observational data has shown that the observed shift can be explained by the dynamics of the energy spectrum of semidiurnal CR variations. The result obtained confirms and supplements the results obtained earlier by other authors, and it can also be considered as an indication for the further development of the theory of heliospheric CR modulation.

Graphene has a number of unique properties, which attracts the attention of many researchers. In addition to the fundamental interest associated with the “relativistic” behavior of charge carriers, graphene is promising as a material for nano-, optoelectronic and plasmonic devices. When we talk about the advantages of graphene-based devices in the literature, they everywhere mention: high electron mobility, the ability to effectively control electrical and optical properties using an external voltage. The efficiency in this case is due to the low density of electronic states arising from the linearity of the spectrum. The main obstacle to the use of graphene in electronics is the absence of a band gap between the valence and conduction bands. Chemical modification of graphene layers is of great importance for the development of new materials, since it not only opens the gap between the valence and conduction bands, but also makes it possible to control its width. Therefore, one of the areas of research for such systems is chemical functionalization, namely, the adsorption of one graphene layer by fluorine atoms. In this paper, we have studied the structural and electronic properties of fluorinated graphene depending on the concentration of adsorbed fluorine and on the location of the fluorine atom in the crystal lattice, using first principles calculations based on density functional theory. The results show that the electronic properties of a fluorinated graphene sheet strongly depend on the degree of fluorination and the location of atoms in the crystal lattice.

There is the urgent need to analyze and comprehend the literary process of the twentieth century, which has completely ended and has irrefutably turned into evidence. The relevance of the research is determined by the special qualitative rise of the novel genre in Bashkir literature. The need to study the poetics of the Bashkir novel, the analysis of its artistic and aesthetic, spiritual and moral, patriotic and other values is caused by modern reality. In the process of development of the national literatures of the Russian Federation, there is the theoretical interestin the study of the poetics and evolution of Bashkir prose from the point of typology. The relevance of this workis the study of the historical ways of development of Bashkir literature related to Turkic literatures, in particular prose, in the aesthetic aspect, focusing not only on Russian-European traditions, but also including Eastern ones, the synthesis of folklore poetics, national specifics, genetic roots. The relevance of scientific work is primarily due to the identification of pressing problems, the positioning of ideas, principles, points of view, beliefs, etc., which constitute an inseparable literary process. The historical novel of the last two decades reveals much in common with works on a modern theme in stylistic trends of development, principles, techniques and means of character typification. At the same time, the analysis of the multifaceted artistic world of the historical novel is a fact that contributes to the reconstruction of the picture of modern literature in its unity. The author, adhering to the purpose and objectives of the study, gives an idea about the degree of study of the identified issues, formulates and considers in detail the necessary directions of research work. The purpose of this article is to study the problems of poetics of historical novels by Bulat Rafikov, which will lead to the creation of a more complete picture of modern Bashkir prose in line with the identification of its main stylistic trends. In accordance with this goal, it is natural to solve the following specific tasks: the study of the nature (epic, rhetorical, artistic, semantic, etc.) of the historical novel and the analysis of the creative skill of the artist. The author uses the method of bibliographic, biographical, motivic, plot analysis; comparative typological and comparative historical literary criticism. The result of the work is, first of all, a comprehensive study and a comprehensive analysis of the historical novel conducted for the first time on the principle of forming the poetics of the Bashkir novel. A completely different approach is outlined in the study of the poetics of the modern Bashkir novel and new directions, prospects for the development of the genre and national literature of the XXI century are revealed.

Abstact. Recently, in modern literary criticism, there has been an interest in the study of the geopoetics of individual regions, which is reflected in a work of fiction. a whole, recognizable markers of the natural and socio-cultural space of the region. In the work of V. P. Sysoev, the image of the Far Eastern Priamurye is revealed in the image of natural and geographical spaces, including water spaces, which are not only a pictorial background of unfolding actions, but also perform a chronotopic function associated with the initiation of heroes in the Far Eastern space. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to analyze the poetics of the images of the water space of the Amur region, the artistic representation of which is a way of regional self-identification of the author-observer and the reader. The purpose of the study is to highlight and describe the dominant images that represent the water space of the Amur region in V. P. Sysoev's prose, to reveal their artistic originality. To achieve this goal, the tasks of studying the motive-plot, figurative and pictorial-expressive specifics of the works "For the Black Sable", "The Master of the Small Khingang", "Light streams of Amgun", etc. East in natural-geographical, mythopoetic and social and cultural aspects. As a result, it was proved that the images of water spaces in V. P. Sysoev's prose are not only associated with the general literary tradition of depicting spontaneous spaces, but also have a unique regional specificity, which consists, on the one hand, in an objectively scientific depiction of water spaces in the Amur Region, and on the other hand, in symbolism. philosophical understanding of images as part of an idyllic, closed, isolated, regionally marked natural and social and cultural space, in which a person learns the natural laws of nature and comprehends his place in the universe.

The article proposes a frame approach to interpreting a literary text. The purpose of the article is to apply frame theory in the interpretation of the postmodern work "Shiloh" by Bobbi Ann Mason. Relevance is stimulated by the fact that it attracts the attention of researchers of postmodern literary text to the strategy of double decoding, there is a need for frame theory which is discussed in the works of M. Minsky, C. Fillmore, V. S. Vakhstein, G. Bateson, D.A. Kozhanov, V. V. Didenko. The article considers the change in the cognitive model of the text depending on the nomination of various frame elements at the semantic level, contributing to the emergence of cognitive dissonance according to L. Festinger's theory, using the example of Bobby Ann Mason's work "Shiloh". The story is divided into 7 frames, in each of which the reader can observe the uneven movement of cognitive dissonance between the main characters. At the end, the story comes to a consonance that reflects the inner state of the main character Norma Jean.

The concepts of the social and political sphere are gradually becoming the object of research of cognitologists and linguoculturologists. This area is full of borrowed concepts that require special attention due to the specifics of the development of their structure. The purpose of the article is to describe the basic signs of the structure of a scepter borrowed concept. It is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1. Determine the list of motivating signs of a scepter concept; 2. To identify the conceptual signs of a scepter. 3. Describe the linguistic and cultural features of the cognitive signs of a scepter borrowed concept. The relevance of the study lies in understanding the role of borrowed concepts that have entered Russian linguoculture at different stages of language development. The article analyzes three etymological and eleven explanatory dictionaries and one encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language for solving the assigned tasks. The development of the structure of a scepter concept occurs through expansion: from ten motivating ones: 'crown', 'possession', 'dignity', 'rod', 'sign', 'lean', 'stick', 'staff', 'royal', 'kingdom' up to 17 conceptual. The study of the language material made it possible to determine 10 more conceptual signs "missing" in the dictionaries. Conceptual signs of a scepter from explanatory dictionaries, supplemented by data of language material, are combined in the form of eight blocks: 1. Sign of power (‘attribute’, ‘(honor) badge / insignia’, ‘strength / might’, ‘symbol (of power)’, ‘regalia’; ‘emblem’); 2. Place in the social hierarchy (‘sovereign / royal / princely dignity’, ‘(supreme) power’, ‘dignity’, ‘monarchical’); 3. Sovereign (‘sovereign ruler’; ‘monarch (king / sovereign / emperor / president)’);4. Decorated object (‘wand’, ‘made of precious metal’, ‘with precious stones’, ‘carved’, ‘decorated’; ‘made of crystal / aquamarine’); 5. Property (‘belonging’; ‘heritage’, ‘treasure / relic / shrine’). 6. Support / weapon (‘staff / stick / weapon’, ‘baton’, ‘made of stone’, ‘made of metal’); 7. Severity (‘burden’); 8. Plant ('plant (lat. Verbáscum densiflórum / Verbascum Thiapsus)'; 'heritage', 'treasure / relic / shrine'), and symbolic signs ('symbol (of power)', 'regalia'; 'emblem'). The specificity of the evolution of a scepter concept is that out of ten motivating ones, 27 conceptual signs develop, which also include categorical signs ('burden / burden', 'belonging'; 'heritage', 'treasure / relic / shrine'), and symbolic signs ('symbol (of power)', 'regalia'; 'emblem').

The article discusses the language and style, the features of their transmission when translating from the Altai language into Russian and Yakut languages of the story "Ashes of the Stars" by Dibash Kainchin. The features of the individual style of the prose writer are analyzed: the system of cultural views, artistic techniques, ways of preserving them in translation, methods of transforming images from the original language into Russian and Yakut. The authors tried to consider linguopoetic equivalent and linguopoetic non-equivalent, although having artistic merit, examples from the texts of translations into Russian and Yakut languages of the analyzed story. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to develop translation strategies that could be used when translating texts from related Turkic languages into the Yakut language. The translation of works of art that reflect the peculiarities of national mentality, customs and traditions contributes to the mutual enrichment of literature, the expansion of the sphere of interethnic communication, the education of the culture of interethnic communication. The purpose of the study is to identify lexico-grammatical and stylistic features that distinguish the author's style (idiostyle) Dibasha Kainchina in the story "Ashes of the Stars". The tasks are to trace the methods and methods used by the translator to preserve the writer's style in the translating (Russian and Yakut) languages, based on scientific data on translation in related disciplines (linguistics and literary studies), to comprehend the essence of literary translation and the originality of the writer's individual style. The paper uses a comparative analysis of the original work and its translations into Russian and Yakut languages. A comparative analysis of the work of Dibash Kainchin with his translations made it possible to assess the adequacy of the transfer of various aspects of the writer's individual style. The authors also came to the conclusion that some images-symbols, visual means used in the work have common Turkic roots.

The development of folklore in Buryat prose is becoming more intense, writers are assimilating not only direct, but also more indirect forms of folklore material, which makes such interaction deeper and multifaceted. Modern national literature in an indirect or direct form contains folklore manifestations that indicate the specific features of the national character in the creative works of Buryat Russian-speaking writers. The relevance of the work is to identify such folklore experience to determine the patterns of development of such literary and folklore relations and the degree of their mutual involvement. In studying the problem of the relationship between literature and folklore, the main goal of the research is to identify folklore motifs in prose works of Buryat literature. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the definition of universal folklore manifestations that indicate the specific features of the national character in the creative work of Buryat Russian-speaking writers. Comparative typological analysis and the hermeneutic method are used as research methods. According to the results of the research, a complex of folklore origins and motives in the works of modern Buryat literary prose, representing universal approaches for expressing national character, were identified. Also, the roles, functionality and features of folklore units were determined. Literary studies for a solution to the problem of the relationship between literature and folklore, as well as demonstrations of national character, arouse the close interest of folklore researchers. Therefore, we see the prospects for further research of the problem in more detailed research of the phenomenon of folklore experience in modern creative works of Buryat writers, which contributes to a more detailed disclosure of the national character of the peoples of Siberia, including in the aspect of comparative analysis.

The dynamics of the genre development of Yakut prose in the second half of the twentieth century determines the relevance of the study of the genre of the historical novel as a new phenomenon in the aspect of traditions and innovation. Aims and objectives of the research: to identify in the aspect of folklore and poetic traditions, traditions of historical legends the formation and originality of the poetics of the Yakut historical novel of the late twentieth century. Scientific novelty and relevance are determined by the need to systematically identify the specifics of the genre of the historical novel at a new stage in the development of literature in the aspect of folklore and mythological traditions. The purpose is to investigate in the aspect of folklore and mythological traditions the formation of the poetics of the Yakut historical novel of the late XXth century. Research methods: historical and literary, typological, systemic, textual. On the basis of the works of leading researchers of Yakut folklore (G. V. Ksenofontova, G. U. Ergis, V. T. Petrova, N. V. Emelyanova, etc.), the significance of historical legends is revealed. As a result of the historical and typological analysis, the traditions of the historical and philosophical story “Kudangsa the Great” by P. Oyunsky and the historical novel “Tygyn Darkhan” by Dalan based on the legends about the fate of unusual personalities who remained in the people's memory are traced. The creative reliance on folk-poetic traditions, historical legends and olonkho is manifested in the text of the historical genre of prose in many ways: in the figurative-motive system, in the plot-compositional structure, and in the peculiarities of the style. The poetics of mythologizing as a means of semantic and compositional organization of the text proposes to recreate the attitude and world perception of the people. The historical novel “Tygyn Darkhan”, both in its philosophical and aesthetic concept, and in its structural and stylistic features based on the creative development of folk poetic traditions, largely determined the prospects for the development of the Yakut epic genre.

The concept being overviewed is interdisciplinary by its nature in international research studies. The term under discussion is extensively incorporated in such scientific fields as linguistics, biology, chemistry, computer science, sociology, etc. This article presents an overview and analysis of ambiguity and other concepts which are commonly associated and equalled to it in international linguistic studies. The importance of the presented topic is justified by the limited research findings and its application in some of the linguistic research traditions worldwide, specifically the English language, and the theoretical and applied translation studies. The overview and analysis showed the absence of a universally accepted term for this concept in international linguistic studies. The following terms are prevalent: polysemy, asymmetry, homonymy, duality, and ambiguity, vagueness, and paraphrase. There are some classifications of ambiguity and its types suggested by various scholars. Such formal terminological correspondences are also overviewed and classified in the given article. Generally, ambiguity is subdivided into 3-5 types. However, the majority of scholars share a common opinion that there are at least 2 or 3 types of ambiguity regardless of any other types which may be identified.