Abstract. The article focuses on the factors of environmental impact caused by construction and exploitation of geothermal power stations. A conceptual model of the exploitational impact of geotermal fields on the environment is further considered. Information approach has been applied when building the model. The description of the model is presented in IDEF format. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that as of now the issue of conceptual model development in geothermal field is relatively little studied. The aim of the modeling is to generalize the known data on the negative impact of geothermal field on the environment. Objective of the study are as follows: to analyze the factors of negative environmental impact of geothermal field exploitation, as well as to develop a conceptual model of the exploitational impact of geotermal fields on the environment.

Microfitolites (oncolites and catagraphites) are very widespread in the Neoproterozoic deposits of the south-east of the Siberian platform. Their biochemogenic (vegetable-lithogenic) nature remained insufficiently proven by factual material. However, many experts have used them as paleobiological objects in order to prove the age of deposits. In the sedimentary carbonate rocks of the Neoproterozoic of the middle course of the Lena river, and microfitolites are suitable for identifying their nature. Many of them, for example, named "osadia tenuilamellata" are similar to oolites and other carbonate grains of chemogenic origin, and it is often difficult to distinguish them without detailed studies of nature. In oncolites and catagraphites of the Neoproterozoic of the middle course of the Lena river, insections of the Kalanchevskaya, Chenchinskaya and Tinnovskya formations exposed near the Urinsk uplift, spherical and thread-like microorganisms are found, which presumably are photosynthetic cyanobacteria. They are represented by calcified cells and thread-like forms, and for the first time point to biochemogenic nature of microfitolites of the Neoproterozoic, but not chemogenic, as is customary in some publications. The obtained results can be used to clarify the facies conditions of sedimentation, which in the Pre-Patom trough are associated with the prediction of potential carbonate reservoirs (intermediate sources) of oil and gas in the section of the Neoproterozoic.

It is widely known that the climatic conditions of operation of all technical systems without exception have a significant impact on the quality, reliability and service life. Currently, insufficient attention is paid to the study of the peculiarities of the operation of communication systems and the mode of propagation of radio signals in the regions of the North. Meanwhile, the climatic conditions of operation of communication systems in the Northern regions of Russia are very specific, these regions are not only characterized by extremely low atmospheric temperatures, but also by the presence of a number of features of the manifestation of weather conditions, in particular such as extremely thick ice fog (pogonip) in the winter, the combination of negative temperatures and rain in the spring and autumn periods, etc. The paper deals with the impact of extremely low ambient temperatures, as well as hydrometeors on the attenuation of radio waves in the frequency range 800 MHz-10 GHz, which is the most popular and promising for technical progress. The aim of the study is to calculate the dependence of the attenuation coefficient of the radio signal in the frequency range of 0.8-10 GHz on the temperature of the propagation medium at extremely low values of the latter. Research methods: analytical, based on analysis of scientific literature on the impact of climatic factors on the attenuation of radio waves and model-based development of the applied computer program for calculating attenuation of radio waves. Conducted a survey of scientific literature on the impact of temperature and hydrometeors on radio propagation for the considered frequency range. The developed applied computer program for calculation of coefficient of attenuation of intensity of radio signals is presented. According to this program, the radio wave intensity attenuation coefficient for the temperature range from 0 °C to -60 °C and its frequency dependence were calculated. It is found that the decrease in atmospheric temperature increases the attenuation coefficient of radio waves. In particular, for a radio frequency of 6 GHz, lowering the air temperature from 0 °C to -60 °C leads to an increase in the attenuation factor of 1.5 times. The temperature dependence of the attenuation coefficient is further enhanced by increasing the frequency of the radio signal.

The work of T. N. Tolstaya's has been the object of close study by literary critics for many years but there has not been a comprehensive narrative analysis of her works which explains the relevance of this research until today. From the point of view of narratology the T. Tolstaya's works are a rich material for research due to their characteristic complexity and diversity. The complex narrative structure of Tolstaya's text is determined by a multi-level narrative organization which makes the writer's prose an interesting object for narratological analysis. The narratological approach in the article is implemented at the following stages: the representation of the act of artistic creativity as a multi-level narrative process and the identification of discourse. The purpose of the article is to study the novel "Kys" by T. N. Tolstoy and the stories from the collection "Ne Kys" from the point of view of the manifestation of Pushkin's discourse in them. Within the framework of the presented research, the research tasks were set and solved, which involve identifying elements of Pushkin's discourse in Tolstoy's prose and determining its significance in the overall structure of works, as well as analyzing the techniques used by the author to include Pushkin's discourse in the narrative. Pushkin's discourse is considered as an important part of Tolstoy's author's discourse contributing to the disclosure of the work essence. The research is based on the analysis of the author's techniques that allow him to fit Pushkin's discourse into his works. The author of the article examines Pushkin's discourse at all levels of the text. Special attention is paid to the description of techniques: direct quotation and allusions; pastiche; demythologization; decanonization. First of all the analysis results in the conclusion that the author uses Pushkin's discourse as a means of characterization of the inner world of the characters where the perception of Pushkin's heritage by a particular character and the true understanding of the poet's significance for Russian culture reflects his spiritual cultural and intellectual development. Secondly, demonstrative decononization and demythologization of the image A. S. Pushkin's figure so important for culture T. N. Tolstaya illustrates the spiritual and moral decline of society. Thus the deconstructive postmodern game with the image of Pushkin is for Tolstaya's a means of expressing the author's idea and plot construction which satirically depicts social psychology based on the denial of culture as a necessary element of a harmonically developing society. Narratological analysis of prose T. N. Tolstaya's is a promising study in the study of the writer's creativity and interpretation of the author's message.

The aim of the study is to identify the features of the language, styles and compositions of two versions of the text of the novel by the Yakut writer N. E. Mordinov-Amma Achchigya “The Spring time”. The theoretical basis of the study was laid out in the works of Russian scientists M. M. Bakhtin, A. B. Esin, literary critic of the Yakut classic writers G. K. Boeskorov, researchers of the Yakut language and literature S. I. Efremova and N. A. Nikitina. The method of chronological and stylistic analysis of texts is used. A comparative analysis of the texts of two editions of the novel was also carried out: the first version, created without the intervention of literary criticism of the era of socialist realism, and the second, corrected and finalized version, written after literary censorship. The main provisions and conclusions of the authors will contribute to an in-depth study of the Yakut classical novel and, in general, the artistic heritage of N. E. Mordinov-Amma Achchigya. An analysis of the texts of two editions of the novel "The Spring time" can be used as theoretical and practical material for lectures and special courses on the history of Yakut literature in higher and secondary educational institutions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

In modern science the problem touched by the author is rather topical but not studied enough. In the presented article this problem is examined in the structure of the language composition based on the story of A. I. Bunin "The Saints". This research is aimed to answer the questions from what person the narrative is presented, how the images of the author and the narrator are connected and how the verbal numbers, taking part in the language structure, are singled out. The analysis has shown that there are written works without an author as an author is himself the organizing principle, that turns a text into a single and complete composition. Thematic similarity of works does not determine their stylistic and substantive uniformity. You can find many such examples, but first, you should examine their structure using matched-stylistic analysis. The object of our study was the stories of Ivan Bunin "bonanza" and "Dreams". We were interested in the fact that initially these works were published under the common name "black earth" - they mean stylistic commonality. To prove this hypothesis we have helped the analysis of the works, which identified the following similarities. The thematical and stylistic proximity emerges in the images of the storytellers expressed in both texts the pronoun of the 1st person singular and the corresponding forms of verbs. Images of storytellers and in that and in another piece closer to the image of the author. Their speech is characterized by harmony and strict clarity that gives an idea about the narrators as a literary language speakers. Images of storytellers and in that and in another piece closer to the image of the author. Their speech is characterized by harmony and strict clarity that gives an idea about the narrators as a literary language speakers. This view confirms the use of visual techniques of storytelling (in this case adjectives, similes and metaphors), motivated by the perception of the character, that is, transmitting its impressions felt, seen or heard: When the clock hesitantly, just wondering struck eight, somewhere screamed loudly and slammed the door, and on the platform wailed a plaintive call (“The dream”). In both works is possible to distinguish the main narrator and the secondary, and that the latter is full of colloquial and dialectal units, which corresponds to the spoken varieties of the language inherent in these characters. On the syntactic level imaging such speeches contribute to short and relevant-sounding intonation syntagm, connecting and clarifying design, introductory words, lexical repetitions, handling, colloquial and dialect words and expressions: Structural-stylistic coincidences noticeable in the designation of time and place of the events: in early stories, find the indication of the location of events (green hilly fields ("Bonanza") - in the field it was cold, foggy ("Dreams"). About the time of the events in "the Golden bottom" says and using the direct meaning of the word (Fast falls the bluish dusk of a summer night), and using part (Bitter and fresh smell of birches, fun, is given under the spreading branches of rumble bells, birds are ringing sweetly in the green thickets... In "Dreams", about the time of the events - late autumn - said only a few details (I went on watery plush sofa and immediately fell asleep, tired by the heavy road under the rain and snow...). And in both stories mention the station, which in itself indicates the theme of travel. Images of the narrators are revealed above all in the words and expressions carrying evaluative meanings. For example, in "the Golden bottom" can be observed in the verbal sequence, given four times a duplicate token, "bad": I walk in the front... Oh, Yes, it's completely a flophouse. Dark and stuffy, the walls blackened by the smoke of tobacco that smokes former Baturin! [/b elder, Dron not left the manor to this day...; But it is here in this valley on all sides by closed hills, descending to a dry river bed Wargla, pale and lit the wrong month light! (Bonanza). Consequently, the comparative-stylistic analysis led to the identification of the thematic, stylistic and structural proximity of works that allows to understand the reason why the writer put them together into a unified whole.

The article discusses the methods of compositional and syntactic analysis of travelogue discourse (based on the analysis of travelogues about a trip to Yakutia). As a subject of research, featured documentary stories about the journey, implemented in the genre form of electronic mail, are presented. Currently, text composition is a particular problem that has remained far beyond conventional grammars. The communicative-grammatical approach makes it possible to study the text taking into account the intentions of its author and interpretation by its addressee, i.e. in the real structure of communication, for the functioning in which it is intended. According to this method of analysis, each type of text consists of compositional-semantic units (communicative registers). Blocks of each register have their own structural and semantic expectations associated with register technology, and compositional functions that these blocks are intended to perform in a particular genre of text. However, the syntactic composition of the travelogue was not involved as an object of linguistic analysis. As the subject of research, we chose the artistic and documentary stories about the journey through Yakutia, implemented in the genre form of electronic mail. The purpose of this work is to identify and describe the methods of compositional and syntactic analysis of travelogue discourse (based on the analysis of travelogues about a trip to Yakutia). By composition we mean a construction, the communicative-semantic content of which is expressed by means of language. Techniques of compositional and syntactic analysis of the text demonstrate the patterns of use and combination in this genre of compositional-semantic units of text (communicative registers). The study found that the communicative specificity of the travelogue genre determines its syntactic (register) composition. It was revealed that the composition of travelogue is created using methods of interaction between speech registers. Polyregistration is a typical characteristic of travelogue discourse about traveling in Yakutia. Structural and semantic features of blocks of each register are described, as well as compositional functions that these blocks perform in the travelogue genre. Among the means of influencing the addressee used in the travelogue discourse, the figurative and expressive possibilities contained in the syntax attract attention.

The purpose of this article is to study the names of one-ton horse coat colors in the Bashkir language in historical-etymological, lexical-semantic aspects. The relevance of the study is due, firstly, to the lack of a comprehensive study of the names of horse coat colors in Bashkir linguistics, and secondly, to the need to accumulate knowledge about this class of vocabulary in connection with the pastoral traditions of the people. The problem posed involves the following tasks: detection of lexemes for one-ton horse coat colors in the Bashkir language, determination of their relationship to color-recognizing vocabulary, study of the genesis and evolution of names, identification of the use of Turks in written monuments and functioning in other Turkic languages. The study is carried out using the theoretical and source base on the Turkic languages: attention is paid to fundamental scientific works on Turkic and Altai etymologies in studying the origin of the word, revealing the features of the meanings of the word in ancient and modern languages is carried out according to ancient Turkic, medieval written monuments, lexicographic works of specific Turkic languages, linguistic and cultural studies are carried out according to toponymy, folklore materials and literary sources. The main research methods are comparative-historical, the method of lexical-semantic analysis, linguocultural. All names for one-ton horse coat colors in modern Bashkir language are also color designations. The suit designation is the secondary meaning of the words qara ‘black’, aq ‘white’, harï ‘yellow / palomino’, the original semantics of which are associated with the color designation. The initial meanings of körӓn ‘brown’, jerӓn ‘rust-colored’ tokens, on the contrary, imply horse coat colors, which later also became color. The meanings of the qara ‘black’, jerӓn ‘rust-colored’ tokens are Praturk, as they function in all subgroups of the Turkic languages, including the Bulgarian.The lexemes aq ‘white’, harï ‘palomino’, körӓn ‘brown’ are common Turkic words which are also found in all subgroups, except for the Bulgarian. In ancient Turkic monuments there are names of horse coat colors as qara ‘black’, aq ‘white’, harï ‘palomino’, jerӓn ‘rust-colored’. Twe word körӓn ‘brown’ appears only in medieval sources, which is explained by the functioning in the ancient Turkic language of the lexeme jaɣïz to denote the brown horse coat colors.

The article is devoted to the generalization and interpretation of the results of a free associative linguistic experiment, revealing the psychologically real ideas of the Mongolian speakers about the uul ‘sorrow’ with the original spatial meaning. The relevance of the work is due to the interest of modern linguistics in the problems of the ontological status of spatial vocabulary, the reflection in the language of significant spatial representations, the study of which allows us to consider the word in the context of culture and cognition. The purpose of the associative experiment was to identify the structural-semantic organization of the associative field of the key vocabulary uul, the research objectives included the distribution of associates in the semantic zones to determine the actual ideas about grief and further cognitive interpretation of the results. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the communicatively relevant features of the studied lexeme obtained in the process of the associative experiment were not subjected to a monographic description earlier. 360 people participated in the experiment, 1571 reactions were received, which served as the language material of the analysis. Several layers are set in the language field of the analyzed token. The content of the associative field of communicatively relevant meanings included in the active zone of linguistic consciousness is considered in the work, to which the authors include the following: spatial emphasis in height, mediator between the tenger 'Eternal Blue Sky' and the human world, sacred place, means of orientation, large standard, the semantic development of the latter trait forms ideas of reliability and protection, a natural object, opposed to humanized housing, symbolizes success and prosperity in opposition to social the "top" and "bottom". Particular attention is paid to determining the hierarchy of semantic features of the lexeme uul, establishing the specific structure of its semanthem.

The problem of lexical and grammatical antipodes of Even and Dolgan languages is a little explored area of Tungus-Manchu studies and Turkology. There are practically no works of this kind, but meanwhile, there is an urgent need to study this aspect of comparative studies. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in the Ural-Altai linguistics, it carries out a synchronous and diachronic analysis of the antipodes of the vocabulary and grammar of Even and Dolgan languages in the ethnolinguistic aspect. The problems of the linguistic picture of the world, linguistic models and the place of man in the conceptual scientific picture of the world are investigated. The directly linguistic part of the article is devoted to the study of antipodes in expressing singularity and multiplicity. The category of numbers is represented by the opposition of one subject to many, and this opposition is the most common in the systems of both languages. The use of ownership forms is considered as certain patterns that go beyond the simple designation of the relationship of ownership and possession. It is noted that they express a wide range of logical connections between objects and persons in the world around them. The categories of case as a linguistic phenomenon and one of the most complex systems in understanding the nature of antipodes in a language are ascertained and studied. Oppositions of personal pronouns are also studied as grammatical antipodes. Lexical and grammatical facts are given in the process of natural evolution as facts of objective reality. Purpose: to study the problems of the evolution of the lexical and grammatical antipodes of the Even and Dolgan languages in line with the ethnolinguistic tradition; to show the linguistic picture of the world of Evens and Dolgans through the facts of the language: categories of singularity and plurality, belonging, case and pronouns. The task of understanding the place of man in the conceptual scientific picture of the world is also posed. Research materials: field observations of the authors and expeditionary materials, data of many years of own practical experience in teaching Even and Dolgan languages at the Institute of the Peoples of the North, Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen, as well as published works of famous Russian and foreign scientists. Results and scientific novelty. For the first time, the actual linguistic material of Even and Dolgan languages was studied from the point of view of their linguistic picture of the world. The features of the existence and evolution of linguistic antipodes in the field of vocabulary (vocabulary) and grammar (morphology) are studied: categories of singularity / multiplicity, belonging, cases, pronouns. Materials on the interaction of language and culture in ethnolinguistic studies of Russian and foreign authors are also presented.

The type of “little man” based on the works of Altai writers Lazar Kokyshev (the poem “Tuba”) and DibashKainchin (the stories “Daughter of the Black Taiga”, “Fence” and “On the Pass” translated by the author) is discussed in this article. The personal and moral characterization of characters from a new perspective is given here which is the difference from previous traditional studies by leading Altai literary scholars. The author notes that the theme of the “little man” in the writers' work left an indelible mark. There is a transformation of the image, a change in the author’s position and ways of expressing it (irony, comic, compassion). Meanwhile, the fate of their heroes merged with the fate of the people. The studied works show a tendency for writers to create their own typology of “little man”: a hunter, a shepherd, a tractor driver, an old retired woman (a former weaver). They are united by the fact that they are physically and morally weak people who have embarked on the path of humility and compromise.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the most important forms in the verb systems of the Yakut and Tuvan languages of the participial forms of -byt and -gan, semantically and functionally related basic forms in the past tense. The first is widely used in the modern Yakut language and, depending on the types of conjugation, forms two forms of past tense in a predicative function. In the proposed article, they are designated as -byt I, -byt II. On the basis of the form on -byt in the sphere of the past tense, 12 secondary forms with various modal and species shades of meanings were developed. In Tuvan, the form on -gan is also the main form of the past tense sphere. On its basis 4 secondary forms arose with the values of mirative, indirect evidentiality. This article provides a comparative analysis of the general and various components in the semantic structure of three forms: -byt I, -byt II, -gan. And for the first time on a specific linguistic material, the general meanings of the forms -byt I, -byt II and -gan in the Yakut and Tuvan languages were revealed: 1) the transmission of the semantics of reliable action that took place before the moment of speech; 2) the ability to express a remote time distance; 3) expression of the effectiveness of the action. Both Yakut forms are similar in terms of their temporal characteristics: they express the completeness of the action and the relevance in the past. Their semantic difference lies in the actualization of two meanings introduced by personal indicators: the fact that the speaker attests the action (-byt I); the meaning of the admirative is the discovery of one or another result of the action at the time of speech with a touch of surprise (-byt II). In contrast to the Yakut forms -byt, the form auf -gan regularly expresses the semantics of timelessness and the meaning of surreal action in the present tense. Both Yakut forms are similar in terms of their temporal characteristics: they express the completeness of the action and the relevance in the Past. Their semantic difference lies in the actualization of two meanings introduced by personal indicators: the fact that the speaker attests the action (-byt I); the meaning of the admirative is the discovery of one or another result of the action at the time of speech with a touch of surprise (-byt II). In contrast to the Yakut forms of everyday life, the form -gan regularly expresses the semantics of timelessness and the meaning of surreal action in the present tense.