The reduction of biodiversity is considered one of the most significant problems of our time. One of the reasons for the disappearance of rare plant species is the loss of characteristic habitats. Therefore, to preserve such species, it is necessary to study the ecological and cenotic parameters of typical biotopes throughout the range and identify key factors that limit their distribution. Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. (Orchidaceae) - a species with a declining population, included in the Red books of many subjects of the Russian Federation, including the Kirov region. The purpose of this study is to identify phytocenotic parameters and ecological conditions of G. conopsea habitats within the southern taiga fragment of the area (Kirov region). The collection of material is carried out during the vegetation periods of the years 2007-2019 Descriptions of plant communities with G. conopsea were carried out according to generally accepted geobotanical methods. Ecological conditions of habitats were assessed by the composition of species in communities using ten amplitude scales of D. N. Tsyganov. Hemerability is determined by the composition of species in plant communities, in which each species has an individual spectrum of tolerance to anthropogenic factors. It is shown that within the considered fragment of the range, G. conopsea habitats are characterized by a wide range of types: xero-mesophilic meadow communities, forest-meadow-type fringe phytocenoses, and forest communities from Pinus sylvestris. G. conopsea belongs to mesobiont species. The average coefficient of environmental valence is 55%. The species, in the studied phytocenoses, realizes from 3,54 to 52,20% of its potential according to the studied factors. According to climatic factors, the species is hemievribionten (It-0,66). G. conopsea maximizes its potency on the ombroclimatic scale (15,14%). According to all climate scales, the ecological conditions of the studied habitats occupy a Central position from the potentially possible ones. In the generalized spectrum of soil scales, the species appears as a hemistenobiont (It-0,44). For G. conopsea the results obtained allow us to extend the scale of soil acidity by 0,62 steps to the left and the scale of salt regime by 1,07 steps to the right. According to the other scales, the values of the ecological space of G. conopsea in the studied biotopes fit into the ranges given by D. N. Tsyganov for this species. Based on the results of PCA analysis of the studied population and values of edaphic parameters of biotopes, it was found that the determining parameters of the ecoareal for G. conopsea are factors of moisture and soil moisture variability. Plant communities with the participation of G. conopsea is represented mainly by species with high sensitivity to anthropogenic impact. A significant proportion of b-c-p-hemerobes (34,89%) was found in all the studied phytocenoses, which indicates the relative stability of the species.

Numerous works carried out in the XX century by Academician E. N. Pavlovsky and his numerous pupils proved the great importance of ixodid ticks not only as carriers, but also as long-term keepers of pathogens of a number of extremely dangerous infections of humans and domestic animals. Therefore, it is of some interest to study the composition, distribution of these parasitic arthropods in a particular territory, some peculiarities of tick ecology in areas that have been weakly affected before by studies of this kind. Ixodid ticks of Kurgan oblast in faunistic respect insufficiently studied group of parasitic arthropods. This work has been undertaken with the purpose of summarizing the available data on ixodid ticks in the Kurgan oblast. The goals included specification of species composition of ixodid ticks, their geographical distribution on the territory of the Kurgan oblast, identification of the main hosts-feeders. The accounting of the preimaginal phases of ixodid ticks was carried out according to generally accepted methods - by brushing animals and examining the inner sides of the bags, where small mammals were individually placed. In total, 25 species of small mammals were subjected to parasitological evaluation, from which 733 larvae and nymphs ixodid ticks were removed. Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes apronophorus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Dermacentor marginatus are found widely throughout the territory of the Kurgan oblast. Of these, the largest ranges of hosts have Ixodes persulcatus and Dermacentor reticulatus. In the study period, the main feeders of ixodid ticks in the Kurgan oblast were common and tundra shrews, northern birch mouse, northern red-backed vole and narrow-headed vole. The Dermacentor silvarum is prevalent mainly in the south of the Kurgan oblast. Very rare Ixodes trianguliceps, registered only once. Ixodes ricinus (imago) were removed mainly from domestic animals. The fauna of ixodids of the Kurgan oblast can be replenished by the finds of Ixodes lividus and Ixodes crenulatus. Host-feeders these ticks are relatively widespread in the Kurgan oblast (sand martin Riparia riparia Linnaeus, 1758, Russet ground squirrel Spermophilus major Pallas, 1779, red-cheeked ground squirrel Spermophilus erythrogenys Brandt, 1841, bobak marmot Marmota bobak Müller, 1776, corsac fox Vulpes corsac Linnaeus, 1768, red fox Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758, Asian badger Meles leucurus Hodgson, 1847, steppe polecat Mustela eversmanii Lesson, 1827).

The films several tens of nm thick were formed by the deposition of carbon atoms in methane plasma on SiO2 substrates followed by heat treatment at temperatures from 650 °C to 800 °C. Atomic force and electron microscopy, IR and UV spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and current measurements by a two-probe method were used to study the optical and electrical properties of the obtained films. Analysis of the results of optical studies showed that the films have bands of absorption in the UV- and IR regions. The results of exposure to illumination of a halogen lamp, which has a wide spectral range, showed a change in the photocurrent up to 1.85 mA at a voltage across the sample of 8 V. The magnitude of the photocurrent depends on the voltage and saturation occurs when 10 V is reached. The photosensitivity of the synthesized carbon films is explained by the photogeneration of charge carriers under illumination. The voltage dependence is associated with the effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers by an electric field. It was concluded that the films obtained can be used as daylight photosensors.

In fundamental theories, where the concepts of space and time are introduced a priori, a contradiction arises. According to the relational concept of space and time, the latter should not be considered separately from matter. This concept is due to the general theory of relativity. Experimental studies carried out in order to check Bell's inequality have proved that quantum nonlocality takes place in the fundamental structure of reality, i.e. some holistic structure. This means that each particle has some mysterious connection with its environment, which is also consistent with the relational concept of spacetime. Therefore, in the study of the fundamental structure of reality, we relied on the idea that physical reality manifests itself as a result of the superposition of independent systems. This view differs in that it is consistent with the relational concept of space-time. At the end of the twentieth century, an accelerated expansion of the space of our universe was discovered. This discovery contributed to the emergence of the idea of the presence of dark energy. The accelerated expansion of space is due to the law of increasing entropy of a closed system. On the basis of the concept of superposition of systems, the condition of the closedness of the system was determined, from which the law of increasing entropy and expansion of the Minkowski space follow. In this paper, we consider the gravitational field induced by the accelerated expansion of space according to the Hubble law. It is shown that with the exponential expansion of space, a radial gravitational field is induced. Calculations have shown that this field corresponds to the gravitational field of field sources uniformly distributed over the volume of space. Moreover, each object has a mass and a property that attracts other objects. A cosmological model of the universe with similar objects is presented. In it, the universe is limited by the event horizon and is a closed system in it. The developed mathematical model allows calculating the distribution of the gravitational potential of the proposed model. Einstein's formula E = mc2 is obtained, which represents the potential energy of an object.

This article discusses the terms-metaphors, terminologically stable expressions with coloronyms in medical terminology. The relevance of the author's research is determined by the interest in the problems related to the theoretical and practical study of the metaphorical term and terminologically stable expression with coloronyms and their use in the language of medicine. The purpose of this research is to study metaphorical terms and terminologically stable expressions with coloronyms in medical terminology. The material for the study was color names of symptoms, organs and their parts included in medical encyclopedic dictionaries and reference books. It is proved that metaphorical terms can express the connection between the language of a nation and the language of science by defining images and associations that are inherent in a metaphor. It is considered that metaphors and terminologically stable expressions in medicine determine their meaning with the use of skin colors, descriptions of the disease and symptoms of the disease. It is revealed that there are different types of similarity of color and disease in medical terminology. It is proved that each of the metaphorical terms is connected with other terms by logical and associative relations with the help of color and terms-metaphors and terminologically stable expressions give a special meaning and uniqueness in medical terminology. It is considered metaphors, terminologically stable expressions in medicine with coloronyms white and red. It is revealed that metaphor terms and terminologically stable expressions with coloronyms are an integral part of the vocabulary of medical terminology in Russian and English.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of the embodiment of philosophical and humorous feelings in the work of a modern Kazakh writer and poet. the Scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time b. kairbekov's Poetry and story-memoir are analyzed as a single text. The use of historical-functional, typological, structural-semantic methods of analysis of research literature allowed us to analyze various definitions of the concept of "philosophical and humorous worldview". The results obtained showed that the author's philosophical and humorous worldview is embodied, first, through the element of laughter, and laughter becomes an emotional and aesthetic mood, a certain form of behavior that "materializes" it through dialogue with elements of irony, sarcastic images, good humor. Secondly, with the help of the author's mask, the bearer of which becomes a lyrical hero: it is he who is the creator, and the character who thinks and fantasizes from his own face, speaking out and confessing to the reader. One of the main ways to convey a philosophical and humorous worldview was the poet's self-irony, which describes the feelings he experienced. These emotions are an ironic fusion of ridicule and judgmental evaluation. The presented and described conclusions can become the basis for writing an article in textbooks or textbooks on the history of Russian-language literature in Kazakhstan, as well as for publishing and commenting on the works of Bakhyt Kairbekov.

The article considers Kumyk dramaturgy of the 1920-1950s, which accounts for the activities of famous national playwrights A.-P. Salavatov, A. Kurbanov, Atkay, Yu. Gereev, G. Rustamov, A. Bashirov and others. The main array of works organically fits into the context of the Soviet era, when verbal culture was aimed at solving the problems facing society, at building a new life. Stage works are dominated by the problems inherent in the specified period, motives, in particular, the struggle against the clergy, collectivization, problems of enlightenment, an angry rebuke to fascism, a return to peaceful life, etc. At the same time, within the framework of the deideologized reading of the dramatic heritage of the Soviet past, it has been noted that the individual skill, identity of the authors determined the exit of socialist-realistic cliches established in literature, the reflection, albeit through detail, of the realities of ambiguous reality. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that for the first time the Kumyk drama of the first half of the 20th century becomes the object of scientific consideration in a holistic form, with the identification of development milestones, evolution, with the highlighting of the most significant phenomena, texts, and the determination of the contribution to this process of specific authors. Sociocultural and analytical research methods are basic. Kumyk drama was studied taking into account the principle of historicism, as well as the experience of modern Russian literary criticism on a new reading of the Soviet literary heritage. A.-P. Salavatov’s "Red Partisans", A. Kurbanov’s "Turn," "Love Asiyat," A. Bashirov’s comedy "Manap," M. Kurbanov’s "Molla Nasrutdin" and others are considered with the framework of both the movement of the literary process and the socio-political situation of the time of their creation. In the chronological context, the ways of evolution of problems, the development of genres, poetics, including the strengthening of psychologism, are revealed. In this context, in particular, in the genre plan, the intensification of the social drama of the tragic sound during the years of the construction of Soviet power (late 1920-early 1930s), the emergence of comedy (second half of the 1930s), the actualization of family and everyday issues in the future, the emergence of psychological drama (post-war period) were noted.

The article presents the works of V. F. Troshchansky (1843-1898) "The Evolution of the black faith of the Sakha (Yakut)", "Sketches on the Sakha (Yakut) of the Yakut district" in a comparative context with materials on Ethnography and social issues from the scientific heritage of A. E. Kulakovsky (1877-1926). The relevance of the research lies in the study of their works in the aspects and directions of conceptual provisions regarding the culture of the Sakha people; in attracting the attention of researchers to the materials of Troshchansky, which undoubtedly are interesting resources on different issues, and this not only in ethnographical matters. The purpose of the study is to reveal the parameters of the scientific argumentation of the conclusions in the works of Kulakovsky as logically verified thoughtful provisions within the clear boundaries of the topic; to determine their overlaps with the ideas of Troshchansky's works, where the author's perspectives of studying the life of the Sakha (Yakut) acquire special significance. The methodological basis of the research lies in the theoretical direction of source study as a branch of philology. In this regard, the analysis of previously unexplored or poorly studied texts of Troshchansky may, to a certain extent, be a new significant material on the ethnography of the Sakha (Yakut). The work selected cultural, hermeneutic methods in the comparative typological analysis of texts, sources and documents. The results of the study of the presented materials are in the confirmation of the parameters of the individual author's principle in systematization of the conclusions reflected in the presented works; in the introduction into scientific circulation of new comparative materials in the study of the heritage of the Sakha (Yakut) classics, in particular Kulakovsky, a deep connoisseur, researcher of culture and history of his native people.

The parodic reception of genre signs of tragedy is one of the most important characteristics of the poetic organization of A.V. Sukhovo-Kobylin and N.R. Erdman. The material of the research was the comedy-joke A. V. Sukhovo-Kobylin “Death of Tarelkin” and the play by N. R. Erdman “Suicide”. The plays of Sukhovo-Kobylin and Erdman within the framework of this work are considered from the point of view of a parody game with a traditional form-meaning genre unit. Parodying a form is possible in the presence of stable, canonical features. And it was the filling of the classical form with new, unexpected meanings that the playwrights of the 19-th and 20-th centuries undertook in the process of parodic comprehension of the genre of tragedy. The seeming fatal predetermination in the dramas of Sukhovo-Kobylin and Erdman is realized in a parody world: Rock is invented (Tarelkin) and imposed (Podsekalnikov). If the hero of the tragedy acted from high motives (even if it was a blood feud), then the hero of the new time enters into a struggle with everyday, purely material and even deliberately reduced circumstances, which creates a parody effect. The hero of a classic tragedy is parodied by unremarkable characters playing a fight with death. Tarelkin and Podsekalnikov balance on the edge of two worlds, choosing a simple and understandable way out of the conflict in the finale. Tarelkin, initially putting on the mask of a tragic hero, and rushing between the desire to live and the “need” to die Podsekalnikov, “resurrecting” from the smell of kutia, “play out” the tragedy, looking at his body from the side. Sukhovo-Kobylin, leaving the ending open, parodies the compositional structure of the tragedy: the game with Rock ends at the request of the hero himself. Erdman allows the action to be a parody of catharsis inspired by the law of ancient tragedy. Parodic understanding of the conflict, such as the hero, his sacrificial function and suffering, compositional organization in the artistic system of the comedy-joke Sukhovo-Kobylin “Death of Tarelkin” and Erdman’s play “The Suicide” performs several important functions. On the one hand, it expands the “understanding” (M. Bakhtin) potential of the genre, contributes to its renewal and development, the creation of new genre formations. On the other hand, it reflects the depth and versatility of the authors’ artistic thinking, the specificity of their idiostyle. The transformation of the formal content unity of the text, parodying the codes of classical tragedy in the space of the comedy genre opens up new possibilities for reading the genre canon.

In Yakutian linguistics, starting with the work “About the language of the Yakutians”by O. N. Betlingk is customary to consider the form of the past categorical tense in the affix -t / -d, which expresses the recent past tense in comparison with the form -byt, which shows the long-past time. In the grammars of other Turkic languages, this form is designated, for the most part, as -ty (Languages of the peoples of the USSR, 1966) and is called the Past Categorical Tense. Because of this, discrepancies occur in the designation of the conjugation form. On the one hand, when the affix of time is used the -t form, it is considered that here the affix is a form of conjugation: bar-t-ym (-yng, -a / ta, -byt, -ygyt, -ylar); on the other hand, when the affix of time uses the -ty form, it is considered that a concise short form of predicate affix is used here: bar-ty-m (-en-ghe, -0, -byt, -gyt, -lar). This article is devoted to the resolution of this delicate problem in the Yakutian and Turkic linguistics. Analysis of the conjugation of participial forms of the Yakut language showed the nominal nature of the origin of the conjugated forms. Thus, the forms of conjugation are: in the present tense - the full affix of the predicate, derived from the personal pronoun, and in the past tense - the analytical affix, derived from the fusion of the form of the categorical past tense with the short affix of the predicate. The use of the predicate affix in this position confirms the presence of a narrow vowel at the end of the past tense affix. This fact indicates that the new conjugation affix is homonymous with the affix of belonging and has the meaning of the past tense and always forms a nominal predicate.

The purpose of this research is to consider the specifics of the artistic embodiment of the image of childhood in the epic «Sun of the dead» by the outstanding writer of the Russian Diaspora of the first half of the XX century I. S. Shmelev. The relevance of the research is determined by the noticeably increased interest in modern literary studies in the creative heritage of the writer, the desire to comprehend the fullness and complexity of his artistic world. The methods of the research were interpretation, comparison, observation, and generalization. The results obtained in the course of literary analysis showed that in the work under consideration, children's images appear as the personification of spiritual purity, innocence, strength and true beauty. While maintaining an inner closeness to God, child heroes in the most difficult external circumstances are able to show love and kindness to people around them, to sympathize with their grief and misfortune. The existential plan of earthly existence, the ontological understanding of reality are the most organic for children's perception of the world. The image-symbol of the dove becomes the most characteristic expression of the purity of the child's heart. The epic mainly shows images of suffering children experiencing hunger and poverty, who have lost their homes and loved ones. The motives of child death, spiritual deadness, and the corrupting influence of adults on fragile children's souls, which are one of the key motives of the text, determine the development of its most important moral problem - the measures of adult responsibility for decisions made and actions performed. The historical context of the work - the events of the Civil war and the post - revolutionary terror in the Crimea-raises this problem to F. M. Dostoevsky's reflections on the «teardrop of a child», the goals and means of achieving harmony and happiness of mankind. The most important role in the «Sun of the dead» is played by the principle of contrasting images and motifs, implemented in individual episodes and chapters dedicated to children, as well as their inclusion in a broad biblical and symbolic context. The author-narrator's reflections on the need to return to God and the Gospel commandments about love, forgiveness and mercy become the leading semantic dominant of the final work.

Innokenty Semyonovich Sivtsev was born on February 1, 1936 in Yakutsk. After graduating from high school, he worked as an accountant, head of the archive, served in units of the Air Force of the Pacific Fleet, in 1963 he graduated from the Historical and Philological Faculty of YSU and upon graduation was elected as a secretary of the Komsomol organization of the university. Here I. S. Sivtsev became a true leader of the student youth. In many undertakings of Komsomol members, he took a personal part: he became a laureate of amateur performances, a champion of YSU in boxing, stood at the origins of student construction teams. In 1970, becoming a candidate of historical Sciences, he tied his fate with the Department of History of the CPSU, where he became from assistant to professor. He developed his best qualities as a social scientist teacher exactly at this department. It was not by chance that he was appointed to the position of vice-rector of the university. On his initiative, structural changes were made at YSU, new specialties, new departments were opened, international relations were established: for the first time, an exchange of students of YSU and the University of Fairbanks (Alaska, USA). In the 90s, I. S. Sivtsev was elected to the post of rector of the Yakut Agricultural Institute, where he made fundamental changes in the formulation of research, educational work, the development of social infrastructure and material resources. He raised the Institute to the level of State Standards of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in all major areas of work, was the founder of the Agrarian Academy in the Republic. From October 2000 to July 2003, he worked as a vice-rector of the Yakut State Engineering and Technical Institute, from July 2003 - Professor of the NEFU Department of Political Science, Chairman of the NEFU Council of Mentors. I. S. Sivtsev's entire conscious life is connected with higher education. It is symbolic that he presented himself with a gift for his 80th birthday-he published the book "My University". The book contains his articles, memories of the formation of YSU and NEFU, interesting materials about the development of education and culture, modern political processes, colleagues, friends and sports. I. S. Sivtsev’s merits are highly appreciated by the Republic and the state: he was awarded the order "Friendship of peoples", became honored worker of higher education of the Russian Federation, awarded "Honorary worker of higher professional education of the Russian Federation", "Honored worker of education of Sakha (Yakutia)", "Veteran of professional education of Yakutia", “For contribution to the development of family policy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)", received a medal of the first President of the Republic M. E. Nikolaev "To the glory and favor of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)", he has excellence in physical culture and sports of the Republic, he is a corresponding member of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts, an academician of the Academy of the Northern Forum, an Honorary citizen of Namskiy and Gorny districts, a sports veteran of the RSFSR, a laureate of the Komsomol Prize of Yakutia. Innokentiy Semyonovich is characterized by optimism, strong will, attentive and respectful attitude to others, exceptional organizational skills. We highly appreciate him as a scientist-teacher, close friend, mentor, we respect and love him as a man of great soul and good heart, distinguished by his great erudition, breadth of professional abilities and exceptional hard work. He is open and friendly to people, he is known, respected, and loved outside the republic. I. S. Sivtsev is a good family man, with his wife they celebrated a golden wedding, their daughter is a doctor of historical sciences. The younger generation of the Sivtsevs is growing. We congratulate Innokenty Semyonovich on a worthy anniversary and wish him good health, good spirits, a comfortable human environment and active longevity.