Deposits of Cambrian Period (542-513 million years ago) are very widespread in Yakutia. The Cambrian is one of the most scientifically important periods in the history of the Earth and life. The Cambrian evolutionary "explosion" of complex life forms has always interested scientists from all over the world. In the Lena pillars National Park, in the layers of carbonate deposits continuously accumulated in the Early Cambrian for more than 20 million years (535-514 million years ago), and according to experts of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (hereinafter - IUCN), covering the period from the lower Cambrian to the Middle Cambrian about 30 million years, recorded a turning point in the development of the organic world milestone - the mass occurrence of calcareous algae and marine animals with a solid skeleton and shell for the first time on Earth. This remarkable event has universal, global significance. With the results of fundamental interdisciplinary research carried out by several generations of scientists on the territory of the Park, the causes of this event are most fully established for the first time. The natural monument "Lena pillars" is an outstanding example of significant geomorphological features of the relief associated with such an amazing phenomenon as "eternal" (perennial) permafrost, and frost-breaking weathering of carbonate rocks in conditions of a very significant (up to 30 degrees) difference in the daily temperature of atmospheric air. At the suggestion of scientists, supported by the leadership of the Lena pillars Park, it is planned to create a museum “Cambria" in Yakutsk and the open museum on the site "Oi-Muran" MO "Yedyaysky nasleg" of the Khangalassky ulus. With some gaining momentum achievements and large-scale long-term plans for the future, the Lena pillars National Park celebrates its 10th anniversary on July 2, 2022 in the status of a UNESCO object - the Treasures of All Mankind.

It has long been known that all transformations in aquatic ecosystems are determined by two large-scale factors: natural (natural-historical) and anthropogenic, caused by human economic activity. Due to richness of biological resources, especially valuable species of salmon and whitefish, the Northern region has long attracted attention of researchers (authors), who mainly studied ichthyofauna of large river systems. In recent years, there have appeared generalizing works on lake ecosystems in the territory of Yakutia, in which changes in the ecosystems of shallow northern lakes under conditions of anthropogenic impact and a set of factors affecting the dynamics of the fish population have been considered. Yakutia belongs to those few regions of the country that are abundant in lake reservoirs and populated with valuable commercial fish species (golden carp, silver carp, pelad including lake minnow, etc.). 

Heavy multielectron atoms and multicharged ions with (αZ)² ~ c^v2₂ ≥ 0,01 

are relativistic systems. Studying their energy spectra requires considering the magnetic interactions of electrons and operation in the j-representation since the orbital quantum number in these cases becomes a bad quantum number. We use the relativistic quantum mechanical approach on the basis of coupled relativistic Dirac-type functions (functions-bispinors with larger and smaller components) to calculate the relativistic matrix elements of the energy operator of electron magnetic interactions in the Breit approximation in the case of one shell with any number of equivalent electrons. The function of the coupled moments of the shell of equivalent electrons is obtained using the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and coefficients of fractional parentage. The Breit operator is responsible for the magnetic interactions of electrons. It has been transformed into a convenient form for studying the matrix elements of the operator regarding the functions of the coupled moments in the j-representation. It is possible to simplify the formulas for matrix elements when using the Casimir operators of the symplectic group Sp(2j+1).

Due to the discovery of the possibility of synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, interest in carbon films has increased significantly in recent decades. An important factor in the practical use of carbon films is the scalability of production. Natural carbon structures, such as diamond and graphite, have found wide application in various fields of human activity. The popularity of these materials is due to the uniqueness of the bonds of carbon atoms in the states with sp²- (graphite) and sp³-hybridization (diamond). The ability to control the ratio of the proportions of carbon atoms in the state of spn hybridization contributes to the production of materials with controlled properties. Although existing methods of PECVD make it possible to control the growth of film structures, the development of a fast, cheap, and eco-friendly technique for synthesis still remains a topical issue. Hence, in this work, the carbon films formed on silicon substrates by a two-step process were studied. The carbon atoms were deposited by the deposition in methane plasma at the first stage. At the second stage, some of the samples annealed at a temperature of 700°C for 30 minutes. The other samples were irradiated with microwave radiation at a frequency of 2.45 GHz for 5 minutes. The methods of Raman, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopies, and current-voltage (C-V) characteristics for a comparative analysis of the synthesized films were measured. It follows from the results of measurements of the Raman spectra that the formed films are a nanocrystalline carbon structure with crystallite size (La) from 5 to 10 nm. Moreover, in carbon films exposed to microwaves, there is a high content of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) and a higher C/O ratio. The effect of illumination with a halogen lamp on the C-V characteristics showed that the sheet resistance of films irradiated with microwave waves decreases by a 3–4 order, while in annealed samples the resistance changes only up to 10%. At the same time, in absolute values, the photocurrents for both types of samples are of the same order.

The publication is devoted to the traditions of the Evenki musical folklore. The research presents a description and analysis of the Evenki collective solo Yohor’e, which is a significant element of the cultural traditions of the Evenki of the western group. The relevance of the publication is due to the need to restore the ethnographic traditions of local ethnic groups in the face of the loss of ethnic cultural significant layer in the era of globalization. The purpose of the research is to present an objective description of the original ethnographic traditions associated with the collective solo Yohor’e. The following tasks defined to achieve this goal: collection and publication of the collective solo descriptions from research materials of different historical periods; description of the structure, rhythm and movements of collective action; identification of the link of the solo with the typological traditions of the different groups of the Evenki; revealing the interlinked ideological and ritual traditions of the Evenki. The novelty of the publication lies in the definition of the etymology and the initial cultural genesis of the solo. The following methods chose to solve the tasks: descriptive, comparative methods, as well as the method of linguistic analysis. As part of this approach, the cultural element of the Evenki musical folklore considered from the position of commonality and local specifics of the folklore traditions. The results allow us to draw the following conclusions: the solo is a characteristic cultural element of the Evenki ethnographic complex of different local groups of Western Evenki; the solo has archaic origin and is interlinked with the ritual traditions of the Evenki; the etymology of the main lines of the solo associated with the symbolism of consanguinity; the structure of the solo typologically corresponds to the cultural traditions of the northern Tungus; the most ancient variant of the solo should be considered, similar to the solo of the Evens and Eastern Evenki. The prospects for further research of the scientific topic associated with the activities in the approach of collective solo comparative studies of various local groups of the northern Tungus and applied scientific-practical activities to restore the musical traditions of the Tungus-Manchu peoples.

The article discusses the current state of the study of the phraseology of the Yakut language, highlights the main periods of its formation and development, outlines further ways of studying phraseological units. The formulation of the problem of researching phraseology, an integral part of the lexical system of a language, is due to the need to rethink traditional approaches to defining its basic concepts and categories and is associated with the establishment of a new paradigm of scientific knowledge in phraseological studies - anthropological. The purpose of the work is to describe the current state of the study of the phraseology of the Yakut language based on the analysis of the research of Yakut linguists. To achieve this goal, we need to solve the following tasks: to consider the periods of formation of the phraseology of the Yakut language; highlight the main directions and aspects of the study; outline the prospects for its development in the future. Research methods. Methods of systematization, classification of the analyzed material, interpretation, comparison, generalization, descriptive method were used. Results. A review of works on phraseology showed that in the development and formation of the phraseology of the Yakut language, three periods can be distinguished: “classical” (60s of the XX century), when scientists attempted to develop the phraseological methods of research and the basis for classifications of phraseological units, to determine the scope and boundaries phraseology. The "non-classical" period, which begins approximately from the 90s of the XX century, the distinctive feature of which is the gradual establishment in phraseological studies of a new paradigm of scientific knowledge - anthropological. Particularly valuable during this period can be considered a return to the origins of the national world outlook through the appeal, in particular, to folklore in the broadest sense. I. V. Zykovа defines the modern stage of development of phraseology as a “post-non-classical” (or newest) period). This is a period of simultaneous flourishing of the anthropological paradigm and a "structural renaissance". We see prospects for further research in a comprehensive study and description of Yakut phraseological units, taking into account the provisions of cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics; creation of representative corpora of texts for the study of phraseological units in discourse.

The article describes specific peculiarities of the poetics of lyrical texts of the first Yakut poetess V. N. Potapova (1946-1979). New methodological approaches have been updated in the study of the poetess’s work in terms of integrative perception of text space. The purpose and tasks of the research are concentrated on determination of the punctuation peculiarities of works in the aspect of literary analysis – an attempt is made to perceive the author’s personality through the forms of its reflection in the text. Author’s punctuation becomes a way of reflection of the author’s modality in texts and is presented as a characteristic set of organized positions that ensure the unity of the text and its components at the architectonic level. In this aspect, punctuation is perceived as a characteristic form (method) of expressing in the text the author’s relation to artistic interpretation, her concept, point of view, position, value orientations, etc. It has been proven that reflecting punctuation marks (ellipsis dots and dash) in the structure of the artistic text become an element of the artistic style of V. Potapova. It may be argied that the emotional-psychological state of the lyrical subject is directly reflected in the graphic of the text. Historic-literary, system-typological, cognitive methods were utilized, possible prospects for further study of problems were updated.

The article discusses the intertextual poetics of A. Chekhov’s story “The Black Monk,” the plot of which is generally interpreted as the hero’s transition from the field of reality to the field of illusion. The illusion is related to art, which in the story is represented by the Pesotsky Garden - a space isolated from reality that finally drives Kovrin crazy, plunging him into the temptation to feel as a chosen one. The problem of interpreting the “Black Monk” is due to the fact that the reader of the story, like Kovrin, falls into the optical trap set up by the author, associated with the dual status of the garden, which can be interpreted both as a model of reality and as a model of art. Particular attention is paid to the structure of the “Garden” chronotope, which reproduces the structure of the mystery theater, and the optical deformations that this theater provokes. The Pesotsky Garden is updated as an optical memory machine that deforms Kovrin’s vision, the vision of a monk - as a product of the garden, the embodiment of the eerie/disquiet, the phenomenon of representationalism and intertextuality. Pesotsky, Kovrin and the monk are seen as doubles. The intertextual field of “The Black Monk” actualizes “Sandman” and “Viy”, as well as Chekhov’s “The Student”. Like Nathanael and Khoma Brut, Kovrin finds himself between worlds and succumbs to the call of the archaic memory, immersed in the slumber of reason that brings forth a monster - The Black Monk who awakens the illusion of superiority in an ordinary person. The same illusion, but under the influence of other external factors, awakens in the student Velikopolskiy (“The Student”), who makes his debut as an apostle, reading his first sermon. Polemicizing against the romantic tradition that developed the theme of the superiority of illusion over reality, the author of “The Black Monk”, referring the reader to this tradition (actualized by intertexts), shows this superiority as a delusion, the cost of which is a ruined life. Thus, the intertextual polyphyny of the “Black Monk” is based on the problem of relations between art and reality - the two worlds between which Chekhov places the theater zone as a transitional locus.

This article deals with the speech culture of a candidate as the basis for the formation of a politician's image. The authors study and analyze the three main components of the speech culture, which allow to increase the effectiveness of the positive impact on the voters. The speech culture of Sardana Vladimirovna Avksentieva is investigated and her role in the formation of the politician's image in general is determined. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in the modern world the formation of the political image acquires great importance. It is connected with the fact that all over the world coming to power practically on all levels - from heads of local government to heads of state - occurs as a result of elections on the basis of universal direct and equal suffrage by secret ballot. A successful career of a candidate is projected, among other things, through a competently and effectively created image. The purpose of the research is to define the speech culture as the basis for the formation of a positive image. Objectives - to define the concepts of image and speech culture; to study and analyze the main components of a candidate's speech culture. Structural analysis of candidate's speech culture, descriptive research methods were used as research methods. Speech culture and speech literacy play an essential role in shaping the image of a politician, and it is an integral part of a politician's successful activity to state his political views convincingly and argumentatively. The authors come to the conclusion about the significant role of speech culture in the formation of the image of a candidate for elected authorities. 

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political consciousness of the youth of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), to determine the nature of the transformation in the content of basic values, which seems to be especially relevant in recent years due to the growing social tension and the outflow of young people from the region. The purpose of this work is to identify, fix, analyze and define conflict zones in the content of the values of Motherland, patriotism, as well as to determine the main political orientations in the linguistic consciousness of the youth of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, with the help of a directed associative experiment and a sociological survey, the content of a fragment of the political consciousness of the modern youth of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is revealed. The empirical data obtained, namely the associative fields of incentives Motherland, patriotism, power, government, migrant, are analyzed using the gestalt technique of Yu.N. Karaulov, statistical and descriptive methods. With the help of semantic analysis of reactions, semantic groups are modeled and conflictogenic zones are established in the considered images of consciousness. With the help of a sociological survey, a significant percentage of respondents who plan and wish to move from the Republic to another region are revealed. As a result, changes in the content of values   are recorded, and it is also noted that the political orientations of young people are displaced due t o a negative perception of power. The political consciousness of young people is based on ideas about the "dishonesty" and "incompetence" of the authorities, the "corruption" of officials and t heir desire for "personal enrichment". The prospects of the study are to continue monitoring the ch a nges taking place in the political consciousness of the youth of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The methodology tested in this study will allow us to trace the transformations in the political conscious ness of young people that have arisen in connection with political events in the country and the world.

In today's realities of expanding language contacts in the general movement of globalization, when everyday language practice is increasingly multilingual and the use of some languages is sometimes perceived as a threat to others, plurilingualism deserves attention in all its manifestations.

These SMS communications data provide special access to everyday communication practices. Their analysis can make a significant contribution to knowledge about the diversity of multilingual communicative practices. Based on the material of texts of mobile-mediated SMS-communication, forms and functions of code switching (CS) in written communication with using a mobile device are investigated. The main results of CS research in SMS communication are presented; analysis of CS characteristics of analyzed messages in French is given as basic. We are talking about linguistic hybridization, addressing to certain standard forms of CSs, using internationalized formulas, connections of CSs with a certain number of fashionable or cosmopolitan tone reference areas. The CS is a means of demonstration of the belonging the communicants to the modern translinguistic globalized community. The article proposes a systematic description of multilingual practices in written communication mediated by mobile devices, and raises the question of their social significance. The research is based on an extensive body of messages collected empirically, the main language of which is French. The following results are consistent with code switching studies, demonstrating that language choice is connected with practical aspects. They emphasize the emergence of new multilingual spaces, pointing to the transformation of the traditional nature of communicative exchange, which erases the boundaries between monolingual and multilingual practices.