The first data on the features of ethological reactions of Simmental cows in different periods of keeping in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. The article provides a brief overview of research and presents new data on some features of ethological reactions of cattle. This issue of ecology in the cryolithozone was not very widely touched upon, we tried to touch on the most pressing issues of biological science on the example of domestic animals. The behavior of animals has always been interested in the scientific world, their socialization, psyche, instinct. One of the main factors for obtaining high productivity of cattle is not only its health, but also its ethological characteristics. In conducting the experiment, we have tried to cover only part of the important issues studied on ethology.Livestock by nature is a fairly calm animal, but in case of non-compliance with the conditions of maintenance, there is a risk of loss of milk production, as well as a violation of the nervous system. Full-fledged social structure in groups of animals can manifest itself if certain physical and mental capabilities are observed, body weight, age, aggressiveness and breed composition are taken into account. Under different conditions, climatic and natural factors, the observation of ethological parameters is evaluated differently, in our case, with a balanced diet in cows of Simmental breed, the study was carried out according to the following criteria: intake of feed and water, ruminant period, standing, waking and lying during the summer pasture content.

The study and protection of biological diversity is one of the actual problems in the modern world. Residents and State Environmental Inspection of the Vilujsky district proposed to place the nesting place, flight of many birds (swans, geese, ducks, etc.) and fish-rich Kumakh Lake in status of Natural Monuments. The Kumakh Lake (65°07' N, 119°43 'E) is located in Central Yakut flatland, in the middle basin of Tyung River (left confluent of Vilyui River). The vegetation of the lake was not considered in detail. The research objective: diagnosis of the lake condition to identify its features, rational use and protection; the main task is to identify the diversity of the main plant communities, its species composition, structure and rare species. The study of the flora and vegetation of Kumakh Lake was carried out on the basis of route studies using generally accepted floristic and geobotanical methods in July 2017. It has been revealed that forests around the lake have been exposed to fires repeatedly and with different strengths of impact. Larch restoration is slow where trees have been completely destroyed. Around the lake there are quite wide bands of grassy and shrubby associations with a small number of species. But they create good nesting conditions for many wetland birds. Aquatic and coastal aquatic plants grow in abundance in water and shallow water, which are the food base of many migratory and settled birds, as well as herbivores. Rare species were not identified in the study area. The uniqueness of the lake in the botanical sense is the presence of a pine forest, located on the northern limit of area. Undoubtedly, this small patch of pine needs to be protected and monitored due to global climate changes on earth. In general, the Kumakh Lake can be recommended the status of "Natural Monument" of local, or even republican significance.

When modeling physical objects, the material point model is chosen as the main element. However, in the study of the fundamental structures of reality, the application of the classical model of the material point is inappropriate. Because, in the classical model of a material point, the concept of space independent of it is introduced a priori, which leads to a contradiction with the relational concept of space and time. It should be noted also the contradiction that occurs when trying to determine the "brick" of the universe in the form of a tiny particle with the concept of quantum non-locality. Experimental studies to verify Bell's inequality proved that quantum nonlocality takes place in the fundamental structure of reality. This means that each particle has some mysterious connection with the environment. Therefore, Minkowski space requires a generalization taking into account the presence of matter. This paper generalizes the Minkowski space. The state space is introduced - a homogeneous space of possible subsystems. From the superposition of these subsystems, the Minkowski space appears, taking into account the presence of particles. Using the modeling of localization and motion of a free particle as an example, it is shown that the uniformity and isotropy of space, the uniformity of time, follow from the homogeneity of the space of possible subsystems. In this case, a homogeneous space appears when superimposing subsystems of a homogeneous state space. Isotropic space appears when superimposing subsystems at certain angles. During successive transitions from one subsystem to another, homogeneous time is induced inside the subsystem. As a result of overlapping subsystems and the above transitions, the particle is also localized in Minkowski space. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is explained. An original definition of the particle spin concept is proposed. The symmetries of space and time are directly related to the parameters of the particle, namely, with momentum, spin and energy. The conservation of these quantities determines the symmetry properties of Minkowski space. If we consider a more complex system, for example, of many particles, then it is in an entangled state. In this case, the task is much more complicated, but for this system you can also introduce the wave function. Therefore, the proposed approach allows us to say that the imposition of possible subsystems and self-consistent transitions from one possible subsystem to another can localize objects of our space, similar to decoherence.

The Russian language worldview gives rise to the research of the cultureme «кухня» in the native language. The aim of the study is to describe the cultureme «кухня» in Russian language and to show it as a representative of the national and cultural information. The cultureme «кухня» is seen as a close part of the Russian language worldview. The main attention of the article devotes to a process of development of the concept «кухня» in the meaning of a unique cultural talk ritual and the way the term is associated with the Russian culture. About 100 lexical and semantic units that represent the concept «кухня» taken from vocabularies of the Russian language and works of fiction are materials for the research. The results of the study are showing that the concept «кухня» has both universal cultural meaning and the national cultural specification. The concept «кухня» in the worldview of Russian language is complex by nature: a kitchen is not just a place for cooking; it is a place for meetings of representatives of the democratic layers of the society, the place for friendly conversations and the place for discussing some family problems.Moreover, in the article there is a try to describe the cultureme «кухня» in the linguamethodical aspect. Russian language teaching is based on background lexis, which helps to form intercultural competence in conditions of a new language environment.The research of cultural marked units of languages has perspectives in both linguistic and methodological aspects.

The Chinese numeral, which was acknowledged as a separate part of speech approximately half a century ago, requires a theoretical insight. In this regard the task of prime importance is to distinguish between such key notions as “digit”, “number” and “numeral”. Confusing these notions may lead to fallacious deductions. The research is to be based on three languages: Russian, English and Chinese. At the beginning the notions under consideration are distinguished in Russian. To fulfill this task the author used lexicographical sources (defining dictionaries) as well as philosophical and linguistics dictionaries. As a result, in simple words, the triad “цифра - число - числительное” (“digit - number - numeral”) is interpreted as “symbol - notion - word”. Moreover, considering the peculiarities of the Chinese numeral as a part of speech, it was defined as a class of words performing a quantitative function and denoting an abstract number, the quantity of things, or mental categories of order of count, multiplicity, summation thatdeal with number. Then, by way of sememic analysis, the semantemes belonging to the Russian, English and Chinese lexemes were compared. The Russian-Chinese comparison revealed the following one-to-one correspondences: цифра - 数字, число - 数目, числительное - 数词. When comparing these results with the English corresponding variants, the lexeme “цифра” reveals a manifold synonymy in English: “figure”, “digit”, “cipher”, “numeral”, “number”. Thus the notion is united on the basis of the “symbol” sememe. Two counterparts are aligned with the lexeme “число”: “number” and “figure”. The lexeme “числительное” has unambiguous correlation in English and Chinese: “numeral” and “数词”, respectively. Semantic combinability is the basis for terminological synonymy which is observed in the English variant of the triad “цифра - число - числительное” (“digit - number - numeral”).

Cross-cultural projects, international academic events and availability of foreign scientific publications serve as a telltale sign of globalization in academic life. As a result it is critical to deliver scientific thought across nations and languages by translating scientific papers into different languages. Therefore, finding ways to effect translation that is brief, yet delivers a clear message with a focus in the paper’s syntactic structure is essential. The paper studies a number of examples accumulated in 50 English and Russian-language papers featured in Scopus-indexed academic journals. The objective of the research undertaken lies in systemizing and comparative analysis of structural specifics of English and Russian-language scientific texts and in describing ways to render semi-predicative structures featured in English scientific texts when effecting translation into Russian. This goal is specified in the steps to follow: to analyze present-day approaches to predicativity and ways to categorize predicative structures, to perform structural analysis of examples, accumulated in English and Russian-language papers featured in Scopus-indexed academic journals, to perform comparative analysis of English and Russian language material aiming to identify translation-relevant trends. The key method used in the research is comparative analysis. The paper looks into ways of analyzing and systematizing structural specifics of Russian and English scientific papers with a focus on structures with reduced predicativity. In Russian such structures include various participial constructions whereas in English these are mainly participial and infinitive constructions. The analysis undertaken has shown that it is most common to transform semi-predicative structures into full predicative structures. Another approach lies in retaining a semi-predicative structure. Yet, it is essential to consider which structures are more common in English and Russian-language scientific texts.

The article discusses ergonyms and their functions in the food industry of Ulan-Ude. Buryatia has great potential for the development of both domestic and international tourism. The organization of tourist meals is an important structural element of tourism. Ergonym as a proper name contains three kinds of information, that is: encyclopedic, linguistic and verbal. The type of encyclopedic information mostly depends on the popularity of the name: ‘Tengis’ from Turk, Mongolian means ‘Sea’ which is one of the old names of the Lake Baikal. The linguistic information denotes the linguistic matter of a word, nature and composition of name’s components: ‘Khaluun buuza’ from Buryat means ‘Hot buuzy’; ‘Temaki’ from Japanese handmade rolls’. Verbal information reveals emotional richness and communicative accessibility triggering positive consumer associations: ‘Full papa’, ‘Hot from the oven’ ‘S pylu, s zharu’. The main onomastic function of an ergonym, as of a proper name, is nominative-excretory, which, along with the individualization function, determines the range of services that are provided by legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. For this purpose personal names and surnames of famous people, names of mythological or literary characters, names of literary and art works ‘Geser, Che guevara’ are used. The identification or informative function of ergonyms gives the consumer an idea of what is offered there and what quality is the product. The advertising function of ergonyms is inextricably linked with the informative function and is a market economy tool ‘Irish pub’, ‘Appetite’. The security function of the ergonym is associated with the image of the claimed brand and its status ‘Churchill’. The stimulating function positions this food company as a representative of a well known company a guaranteeing in a certain sense high quality ‘KFC’, ‘Baskin Robbins’. The psychological or attractive function of ergonyms is aimed at creating confidence in the offered services that are already known as the consumer market ‘Buryatia’, ‘Artcoffee’. Ergonyms in Russian reflect Russian culture and traditions ‘Maslenitsa’, ‘Samovar’, most food establishments with national cuisines are presented in Russian ‘Caravan-bashi, ‘Samurai’. Ergonyms in foreign languages are addressed primarily to foreign tourists. Their choice is influenced by the affiliation of the given food enterprise to the international ‘Subway’ or the all-Russian food chains ‘ShashlykoFF’. Ergonyms in the Buryat language appeal to the background knowledge of representatives of Buryat ethnic group, which have become common to people of other nationalities living in the Republic of Buryatia ‘Altan gerel’, ‘Mergen’.

The relevance of this article is dictated by the need to study the cultural landscape of Yakutsk on the artistic material of Yakut prose of the twentieth century as a segment within which the unique quality of the national world is most clearly revealed. In this regard, the scientific novelty of the article is obvious: it consists in the need to understand the Yakut city text as a semantic structure, which is manifested in the constancy of images, universals that have a cultural-historical, mental community and United in a single model of «City on bones», which has not received detailed development in Yakut literary studies to this day. Conceptually, this work is based on scientific views about local texts, which are inherently understood much more widely than urban texts, assuming that in addition to the urban text, both the «alas» text and the liminal chronotope are included, creating artistic models of space that complement and adjoin each other in a single Yakut text. In the context of the stated theme, a new semantic activity is filled with the study of the image of the novel hero, whose consciousness is extremely responsive to modifications of the surrounding landscape. The author's position is dictated by the actualization of the category of Otherness in the literary text, which reveals the problem of self-identification of a person in a huge urban space, which appeared as an apocalyptic beginning in the Yakut world. In the context of this article, the category of inversion that justifies the artistic organization of the entire Yakut world, or rather the mirror positions of the city and alas, the compositional and plot basis of works, and the entire spectrum of national poetic imagery, receives a special interpretation that claims to be new. Given the limited scope of the article publication, the concept of inversion is considered within this article in relation to ambivalent images of space.

The article proposes an approach based on the use of the properties of the hermeneutic triangle: the author-text-reader, which turns out to be optimal for the study of the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin. All the essence of the author, text and reader naturally flows into each other and serve each other as a support. Saltykov-Shchedrin created a new type of novel in which the language of subtle irony, multidimensional satire, is combined with precise artistic sketches, vivid storylines, multi-level architectonics. For this language Saltykov-Shchedrin very carefully selected keywords. The main insights of Saltykov-Shchedrin are the ontological depth of evil in man, the comprehensive disclosure of personality, the harmony of the symphony of the voices of his heroes. He understood that the terrible underside of serfdom and post-reform life must be known and it was necessary to work with it. There were many secrets at the foundation of Saltykov-Shchedrin’s life: he had died for fifteen years, but he came to life, starting to work, he was given the energy for creativity by Petersburg and constant communication with the reader.The main causes of evil Saltykov-Shchedrin believed social inequality between people. The wrong side of serfdom, and then the nascent capitalist relations in Russia, was terrible. Hypocrisy, which for many people has become their essence. The spread of various social and spiritual epidemics. For example, the exposure of people of his time to memes, that is, mass stereotypes, behavioral patterns. The principle that any introduced regulation generates its self-denial, the overcoming of which requires new regulation.

The constituent elements of the mythological picture of the world require close attention. It is necessary to define the main characteristics this key mythologemes of the Russian people, who used to have a traditional rural way of life, that allow to realize the peculiarities of worldview perception and adoration of the earth. Mythologemeearth/land in Russian linguistic culture was not the subject of particular study, its figurative and symbolic signs were not described from the point of view of Russian linguistic culture on the material of proverbs, sayings and riddles. The main methods used in the work are descriptive, interpretive, conceptual. The Russian proverbs, sayings and riddles served as material. In addition, the material for the study is taken from the National Corps of Russian Language and from works of Russian fiction. Object of the study is the mythologeme earth, a subject is words andword combinations (the earth, zemlica, zemlja-matushka, Mat'-syra-zemlja), representing the mythologeme earth in Russian language. The study revealed that such concepts as home, family, clan, Homelandare related to the earth. The genealogical tree symbolizes the tradition of putting down family roots in the earth, and taking roots symbolizes farming and crop production. Special ritual actions are associated with the earth: earth bowing, addressing it with prayer, kissing the earth - all these things demonstrate worshipping the ancestorsand the earth belonging to the clan. The image of the mother-earth dates back to the ancient image of the Great Mother Goddess. Her five main signs point to these: 1) signs of the demiurge; 2) signs of the patron; 3) signs of the donator - the provider of benefits; 4) signs of the matriarch - breadwinner, assistant and adviser; 5) signs of the generous judge.

The aim of the scientific research, which results are expounded in this paper, is to study the problem connected with the status of radical interlanguage transformations in different branches of the translating studies. The article analyses their actual problems and identifies some reasons, which cause difficulties for developing the conception based on a new ontological ideas of translation and interpretation as the main forms of interlanguage mediation. On the basis of Russian-English and English-Russian mediated communication material, the author formulates and grounds the statement, that in some situations the communicative mediator accomplishes a sense transposition with observing the adequacy norms only by means of deep and scaled modifications. The main attention is paid to study the central approaches to the problem of radical transformations, which have been formed in translation science. The research principles of the substitutive-transformational and communicative-active paradigms are also compared in the paper. It is shown, that the first, so called “linguistic” paradigm concentrates its main attention on solving the problems in the aspects of linguistic form and answering questions of its function in translation process. Due to this fact, the scientists whose view points are regarded to the principles of the first paradigm believe, that large deep and scaled transformations must be limited in translation. The second research paradigm is called “psycholinguistic”. It pays the main attention to the communicative, philosophical and sociocultural problems of the translator’s activity. From this standpoint, the scientists whose research principles strict to this paradigm share the opinion, that radical modifications are obligatory in the interlanguage mediated communication. Today, in modern translating studies, due to the opposition between two researching branches, the status of radical transformations is still indefinable. It is proved, that this problem in theory and practice of translation mainly depends on the key problems existence. The circle of these problems includes: the propriety of radical transformations use in translating communication, grounding their lover and upper borders, developing the language of their scientific description, grounding the principle of their dependence on different translation types, explanation of motive reasons. All these problematic questions can be solved only in integration of substitutive-transformated and actual paradigms. The interparadigmatic approach will help the science not only to accomplish new tasks, but also to neutralize problematic situations, which take part in practice. The final part includes the main conclusions and results of this research. It also presents some perspectives of the further researches in this scientific area.

At the present stage of the science language development as a result of an active study in the produced oral speech, the need for mastering dialogic speech was established. Oral speech assumes a linguistic description of the dialogue in modern Russian language for the purpose of communication and structure. The relevance of the work is confirmed by data of the dialogical theory of Russianists L. P. Yakubinsky, M. M. Bakhtin, N. Yu. Shvedova, N. D. Arutyunova, E. M. Galkina-Fedoruk, N. I. Golubeva-Monatkina are generalized A. N. Baranova. For the first time, the subject of research in the article was fundamental on the Russian dialogue of Chinese linguists: Xu Wengyu (徐翁宇), Cui Wei (崔卫), Wang Fuxiang (王福祥), Zhang Yuzhu (张玉柱), Zhang chongshi (张崇实), Jiang Hong (姜宏), Zeng Chunying (曾春英), Wang Rong (王蓉), Liu Yuhong (刘宇红), Liu Kenhong (刘肯红), Wang Yafang (王雅芳), Wang Xinyi (王辛夷), Wang Wenzhong (王文忠). The purpose of the article, based on the study of Russian and Chinese scientist's theoretical works, to give a linguistic description to the types of dialogue in Russian. To achieve the study goal, the following methods were used: a descriptive method, a linguistic method, a comparative typological method, methods of complex sampling of material, a statistical method. The paper describes mainly two classes of dialogs: information and interpretation. Information dialogs - this is the communication by partners of new information on the subject of dialogue; Interpretative dialogs are characterized by the fact that the partners give different interpretations of the topic in their cues. The linguistic experience of classification's dialogues is given: dialogue-planning of joint actions; information exchange; exchange of impressions; grammar, thematic and situational dialogues in Russian spoken language. A linguistic description of dialogic unity in the Russian language is proposed: two-member, three-member and polynomial. Dialogue replicas are summarized in special tables. The theoretical value of the study lies in the fact that the materials in the article can make a certain contribution to the development of the theory of the development of dialogical oral speech.