Oil is a complex mixture of organic compounds. One liter of oil covers half a hectare of water surface film. Once in water bodies, oil adversely affects living organisms and water quality. One of the sources of water pollution by oil products is motor transport. As of January 1, 2022, there were 59.6 million registered vehicles for maintenance in the country, for which approximately 10,000 car washes were opened. With the increase in the number of cars, the number of car washes increases, and, consequently, the problems associated with the used water after washing cars, which contains about 20 mg/dm³ of petroleum products, are growing, and on average, about 200 dm3 of water are consumed for washing one car. For car washes, it is advisable to use local treatment complexes, the development of which is devoted to a large number of scientific research. Methods of wastewater treatment include chemical, biological, physicalchemical methods to reduce harmful compounds. Before supplying effluents to biofilters, they must be cleaned of small quantities of oil products by adsorption followed by filtration. Zeolite, sawdust, red clay, activated carbon, and walnut shell coal have been studied as adsorption materials for removing liquid hydrocarbons. A calculated equation for determining the content of liquid hydrocarbons in the studied aqueous solutions by the values of chemical oxygen consumption (COD) is derived. It is shown that the use of such adsorption materials as zeolite, sawdust, red clay reduces the content of liquid hydrocarbons to values that limit the use of water for economic purposes. The use of coals, including those obtained from walnut shells, allows the use of treated water for fishery needs. The studies carried out allow more active use of the adsorption phenomenon with the use of cheap and available adsorbents for local water treatment at car washes before discharging it into the general sewerage system.

The results of the 16-year reacclimatization of wood bison in Central Yakutia are summed up. A description of the number, nutrition, territory development, reproduction and scientific and practical importance of bison introduction is given. The young growth started breeding at the age of 2–3 years, the first offspring at the age of 3–4 years. 15 generations of bison obtained. Replenishment of calves in relation to the main livestock at the beginning of the year ranged from 22 to 55%. The total number of wood bison reached 310 individuals. Adaptation to new living conditions is proceeding successfully. The natural and climatic conditions of Central Yakutia correspond to the ecological requirements of the species. The productivity of different grassland types was determined. A list of food plants for bison was established. The release of two batches of bison into the wild in the Sinyaya Nature Park in 2017 and 2018 gave positive results. It is shown that shallow valley lands widespread in Central Yakutia represent a vast and practically free ecological niche for the habitation of reacclimatizers. Data on satellite telemetry of bison are presented. Intercontinental translocation of wood bison in Yakutia is an important event in the renewal of the fauna of Russia. Further naturalization of the species in the historical range represents an important and urgent task of our time.

This paper investigates the dynamics of galactic cosmic ray intensity fluctuations during a strong geomagnetic storm on 25-26 August 2018 in order to establish methods for predicting negative space weather manifestations. Cosmic ray intensity fluctuations are quasi-periodic variations with periods of less than 3 hours, which occur episodically in interplanetary space during large-scale disturbances of the solar wind. These disturbances are due to the propagation in space of interplanetary shock waves, coronal mass ejections and high-speed solar wind flows, which largely determine space weather. The analysis involved 1-minute pressure-corrected measurement data from neutron monitors at the Tiksi Bay and Yakutsk cosmic ray stations, as well as 1-minute data from direct measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind density and speed onboard the WIND spacecraft. As a result, it was found that immediately before the start of the storm, fast magnetosonic waves of significant amplitude were observed in the inertial section of the solar wind turbulence spectra in the frequency range ~10-4 ÷ 8.33·10-3 Hz. It is assumed that these waves were generated in the region of interaction between slow and fast solar wind streams, which caused this geomagnetic storm. At the same time, the galactic cosmic ray flux was subject to modulation by fast magnetosonic waves. This manifested in measurements of neutron monitors as the registration of significant coherent galactic cosmic ray intensity fluctuations more than a day before the onset of a geomagnetic storm. The obtained results indicate the possibility of real-time short-term prediction of the onset of strong geomagnetic storms using data measured by cosmic ray stations.

The evaluation of heat input through fences is an important part of the task of predicting the summer thermal regime of a building under a transparent dome, the interest in the construction of which in the northern regions has increased recently. In this work, a relatively simple model for engineering calculations of heat transfer through a building envelope with a translucent screen, which allows to take into account the greenhouse effect, is considered. The model has been verified by comparing the calculated and experimental data and their good agreement has been obtained, which confirms the performance of the proposed model. It is shown that the presence of a translucent screen due to the greenhouse effect significantly changes the temperature of the building wall under the dome and the value of heat flux, which implies the importance of taking into account such factors as the optical properties of the screen, the temperature of the sky, and other climatic factors when calculating the thermal regime of dome systems.

Recently, it has become very popular to expand the scope of two-dimensional (2D) materials by creating van der Waals heterostructures. Graphene is usually obtained by deposition of graphene on a silicon substrate, which facilitates the creation of a Graphene/Silicene heterostructure. The synthesis of such heterostructures presents great development prospects for a wide range of applications, primarily related to the revision of the physical principles of construction and operation of device structures using graphene in combination with other materials. Such material can be silicene. Weak van der Waals forces act between the atomic planes of graphene and silicene, which suggests that silicene and graphene can be used as ideal substrates for each other while maintaining their internal electronic structure. In this work, an ab initio study of the structural and electronic properties of a vertical Graphene/Silicene heterostructure was carried out, depending on the distance between the atomic planes of graphene and silicene. It has been established that with a change in the distance between the atomic planes containing carbon and silicene atoms, the crystal structure of the Graphene/Silicene system does not change significantly. The band gaps that open up at the Dirac points of silicene and graphene are highly dependent on external conditions such as electric fields and interlayer spacing. This indicates that the Graphene/Silicene heterostructure can be used to produce high-performance field-effect transistors and to create electrodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.

Genealogical legends occupy a special place in the oral prose of the Altai people. They have always aroused a keen interest, which is still alive today. The number of scientific studies on this topic is relatively small, and therefore the genealogical legends of the Altaians still remain a poorly studied field of folkloristics. The relevance of the research lies in the insufficient study of these legends. The purpose of this research is to study the plot of genealogical legends. The tasks of the study include – comparison of texts of legends; definition of plots; revealing of artistic features. Comparative-historical and comparative-descriptive research methods are used in the work, allowing to focus on the repeatability of plots, to consider the variation of plots in historical development, to show the features of reflection of historical reality in these legends. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the theoretical understanding and description of the plot composition of the genealogical legends of the Altaians. The results of the research will be useful in further studying the genre of legends in Altai folklore, as well as in compiling indexes of the plots of Altai legends and collecting folklore texts. The article describes the characteristics of early ethnogenetic, patrimonial and family legends. Based on a comparison of folklore materials, recurring and well-known plots are established, along with which isolated rarely occurring plots are also noted. It is shown that the motifs found in myths and legends are used in the plots of Altai legends. Legends reflect ancient mythological ideas and beliefs of people in kinship with totemic animals and birds, contain evidence of real events in the life of the people, explain the appearance of certain ethnonyms, surnames. It is concluded that the genealogical legends of the Altaians are the result of the artistic understanding of the people of their genetic history.

The publication on Evenki toponymy examines the etymology of the tributaries of the Aldan River in its upper reaches. The relevance of the publication is due to the need to restore the original etymology of hydronyms in connection with the problem of the spread of erroneous hypotheses in scientific and reference literature. The purpose of the research is to determine the etymology of hydronyms (tributaries of the Aldan River) from the Evenki language. The objectives of the research are: to determine the original transcription and meanings of river names based on the lexical layer of the Evenki of South Yakutia and adjacent territories; designation of the specifics of the spatial orientation of the Evenki, in which the rivers are the central landmarks of movement. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the research approach, in which toponymy is an important component of the system of spatial orientation of the Evenki. To solve the objectives, the following research methods are used: etymological, geographical, comparative. Within the framework of this approach, the toponymy of the geographical area is studied from the standpoint of the principles of historicism, semantic correspondence, social conditioning and in accordance with the cultural traditions of the indigenous inhabitants of the territory - the Evenki of South Yakutia. The results obtained testify to the fact that the river is a central object in the system of spatial orientation of the Evenks, in which each object is perceived as its integral part and is endowed with unique characteristics in accordance with the conditions of the local landscape, use of the object in the system of orientation and movement in accordance with the needs of nomadic economy. The etymology of the toponyms of the tributaries of the Aldan River in its upper reaches is based on the lexical layer of the Evenks of Southern Yakutia and the adjacent territories, who are the indigenous inhabitants of the region.

The article considers the non-conjunctional functions of grammaticalized infinite and finite forms from the verb of speech ge- ‘to speak’ in the Buryat language. The relevance of the study is determined by the extremely important role of the decendial verb both at the level of simple and complex sentences in the Mongolian languages. Since almost the entire system of conjunctions is based precisely on the infinite forms of this verb, conjunctional functions are studied first, and nonconjunctional functions remain in the shadows. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe previously unexplored non-conjunctional functions in forms formed from the service verb of speech. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: to study the works of scientists on the material of other Mongolian languages, to analyze the Buryat corpus material, to select and classify cases of non-conjunctional use of the infinite forms of the speech verb ge-. The material of the study was modern dictionaries and the original literary texts in the Buryat language, posted in the electronic Buryat corpus, as well as the results of a survey of native speakers. The research methods are linguistic observation, introspection, description, component analysis method, corpus analysis method. As a result, various directions of grammaticalization of the forms of the speech verb ge- were revealed: the inclusion of words, focus highlighting, marking a logical conclusion, attraction of attention, expressing emotions, the role of an auxiliary verb in analytical constructions. At the same time, infinite and finite forms often lose their connection with the original verb of speech ge-, grammaticalizing into various particles. In the center of the description are the two most grammaticalized particles geeshe and gegshe, formed from focus participles in - АAšA and - gšA. The non-conjunctional functions of these particles are determined by the meanings of their components: the verb of speech ge- and focus participles.

The article discusses the principles and methods of translation of toponyms in folklore texts. Particular problems of the translation of folklore are especially relevant taking into account the growing interest in the publication of archival inedits and newly collected materials on oral folk art, as well as the republishing of previously published texts according to new methods. The features of toponymy in folk narrative texts of different genres are considered. Various ways of transferring toponyms have been studied: the use of established translation equivalents, transliteration, partial translation, calquing. The theoretical basis of the study was the latest Russian-language publications on translation studies, and the material was folklore samples published in the academic bilingual series “Folklore Monuments of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East”. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, in which groups of national toponyms and their translation equivalents are correlated and compared as integral systems having mismatched volume and meaning. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the stated topic has not previously become the subject of special study, although interest in the reliable publication of inedites is constantly growing. The scientific publication of folklore texts places high demands on the reliability of the translation. When transferring toponyms, a deep knowledge of the history and geography of the region to which the toponyms belong is necessary. For a large number of national toponyms, there are accepted translation equivalents recorded in dictionaries and maps, and they should be used in all possible cases; if not possible, it is permissible to refer to the methods indicated below. Transliteration / transcription is allowed in cases where there is no translation equivalent; at the same time, the uniform principles for the transmission of letters or sounds of the original toponym must be observed. Partial translation is possible when the toponym contains determinants indicating the type of geographical feature. Calquing – full or partial – is used when the semantics of the toponym is clear and its meaning may be important for the plot of the narrative. In addition, there are always exceptions - toponyms that do not fall into the specified categories. Further study of the topic on a broader basis is promising for maintaining a high level of scientific publications of folklore.

Well-known scientists in different aspects considered the role of phraseological units as «exhibitors of cultural signs». Being carriers of culturally significant information, phraseological units play a special role in the process of conceptualization of the world. Due to their special and close connection with culture, set expressions are quite difficult to understand and translate. In view of the complexity and significance of the study of phraseological units, due attention should be paid to the cultural connotations of English and Chinese set expressions. Cultural connotation is a category that allows us to correlate two semiotic systems: language and culture. Each phraseological unit, if it contains a cultural connotation, contributes to the overall picture of the national culture. This article attempts to analyze cultural phenomena reflected in cultural comparisons and differences between Chinese and English. By introducing knowledge about cultural coincidences, cultural differences, the article analyzes idioms from a relatively new cultural point of view. The analysis of the cultural connotation of phraseological units involves the clarification of many issues and, above all, how culture is embodied in phraseological units. The article can also serve as an improvement of knowledge about the cultural connotations of English and Chinese phraseological units. Therefore, an enriched cultural awareness would help students to get rid of the interference of their native language. At the same time, their foreign language skills and intercultural competence will be improved. At different stages of the work, various research methods were used: the method of continuous sampling - when collecting material; definitional analysis - in the study of phraseological units; contextual analysis, which includes the method of observation and the method of interpreting the text - in identifying relevant meanings. At all stages of the work, the methods of etymological and synchronic-comparative analysis were used. The practical significance of the study is because the results obtained can be used in teaching English, Chinese in the development of teaching aids, dictionaries, reference books, used in the theory and practice of translation, in educational lexicography.

This article examines the problem of political discourse of Japan and Russia. On the example of official speeches of prime ministers of Japan (Shinzo Abe 2020, Suga Yoshihide 2021, Fumio Kishida 2022) and Russian president Vladimir Putin (2020-2022) the lexical characteristics of speechesof the heads of state during the pandemic COVID-19 are revealed. The discussion around the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is still relevant around world. Data on the infection can be found on all digital information platforms: from blogs to social networks, in international and regional media, in speeches of politicians and speeches of heads of state. In this study, we used qualitative content analysis and contextual analysis of the texts of the speeches of the president of the Russian Federation and the prime ministers of Japan. When systematizing and summarizing the results of observations, a descriptive method was used. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the official appeals of the first persons of Japan and Russia are considered in the context of identifying the lexical features during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the study we come to the following conclusions: in the official speeches of the prime ministers of Japan and the president of the Russian Federation in 2020-2022 there is a general tendency to use vocabulary characteristic of the official business style. However, the speeches of Japanese politicians are dominated by the use of facts, statistical data, accuracy in statements, the speech is more formal. Putin's official speeches are more emotional, with a relative democracy of statements aimed at achieving a certain communicative effect. The President of the Russian Federation uses common words and expressions more understandable to the society, rarely overloads the text with exact data or dates, introduces epithets into the speech to compare or more accurately describe the situation. The problems of identifying stylistic, structural and other characteristics of political discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic are highlighted as a research perspective.

One of the topical directions of modern linguistics refer to the studies related to the identification of anthropocentric nature of the language. In this context, language can be considered a system of signs reflecting the specifics of human perception and description of the world around. Being the most ancient genre of folklore, riddles serve as a valuable material for linguocultural research and contain unique culturally significant information about the mythological and worldview views of different peoples. The purpose of the study is to determine key cultural codes verbalized in the texts of the Yakut cosmogonic riddles. The objectives of the study were as follows: to consider texts of riddles in which the sky and celestial bodies serve as the denotation; to identify key cultural codes that metaphorically represent celestial space and space objects; as well as archaic images of space objects and the sky encrypted in the texts of riddles. To achieve the purpose, we used the methods of semantic, descriptive, semiotic and interpretive analysis. The combination of the methods mentioned above allowed identifying universal and culturally marked codes that describe space objects. In the course of the study the key codes of Yakut linguoculture were identified: anthropomorphic, object and zoomorphic. In paroemias the mythologeme of the universe is represented by a vessel, horse-cosmos; celestial bodies acquire anthropomorphic and zoomorphic features; object-related and zoomorphic codes actualize the archaic picture of the household structure of the Yakuts. The prospects of the study are the following: the results obtained can be used by specialists in linguistics, linguoculturology and folkloristics, interested in the problems of reflecting the specifics of national cultures in folklore texts.