The Ochotona hyperborea Pallas is a small herbivorous animal from the family of Ochotonidae, widespread in the mountains of Northeast Asia and, in particular, in the Verkhoyansk Ridge system. It is an important component of mountain ecosystems. The latitude range of this animal's habitat is mainly associated with the spread of forest vegetation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the occurrence of the northern pika in the tundra zone is significantly limited, and the food selectivity of this animal has been little studied here. Until recently, information about the habitat of the northern pika on the territory of the Ust-Lena Nature Reserve was very generalized, and there was no information about the plants consumed by it. The purpose of the study was to monitor the feeding selectivity of the northern pika, to determine the structure of its winter stocks in its habitats in the Ust-Lena Nature Reserve. During the work on the southern border of the reserve, within the limits of the “Sokol” mountain area, we happened to meet a population of the Ochotona hyperborea there, record three areas of its habitat, somewhat spaced out in the space of stations, and observe the forage selectivity of plants in its blanks. During the period of field work in 2023 and 2024, we studied the structure of 70 stacks in total. A relatively small assortment has been identified in the blanks – 35 species of vascular plants and 1 species of moss. Legumes account for a significant share of plant harvesting – Astragalus umbellatus, Hedysarum arcticum and Oxytropis adamsiana; species of Pedicularis – P. alopecuroides, P. amoena, P. oederi; and, as a feature of forage selectivity, seeds of Dryas incisa and D. punctata. In this area, the feed ration of Ochotona hyperborea is replenished with vascular plant species such as Koeleria asiatica, Carex rupestris, Acomastylis glacialis, Luzula tundricola, Pedicularis alopecuroides, P. sudetica, P. tristis, Potentilla uniflora, Silene chamarensis subsp. paucifolia, Dryas incisa, Salix recurvigemmis and moss – Rhytidium rugosum. In addition, some behavioral features of the pikas were noted, which consisted in the increased secrecy of the animals, the absence of the characteristic sound exchange of information (whistles), and the frequent use of burrows in the blackened tundra.

Organic solvents dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are used worldwide in various fields due to their properties. The toxicity of two types of organic solvents (DMF and DMSO) for three species of freshwater macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton natans was assessed. The concentrations of the tested chemicals of 1.7 (17 mg/L), 5 (50 mg/L), and 10 (100 mg/L) MAC (maximum permissible concentration) were created in the microcosms. Incubation lasted 14 days. Incubation was at a water temperature of 3.8-13.2°C. The macrophyte C. demersum turned out to be relatively more sensitive to the effects of DMF and DMSO (death at 100 mg/L DMF and DMSO), which can be used for bioindication purposes under certain conditions. Concentrations of 17 mg/L (1.7 MAC) and 50 mg/L (5 MAC) of DMF and DMSO had no effect on the aquatic organisms studied in this work. The solvents had no noticeable toxic effect on E. canadensis, so it can be considered for phytoremediation. A recommendation was made to establish a PNEC (predicted no-effect concentration) for freshwater organisms in the DMF safety data sheet. Based on the data obtained, a PNEC of 17 mg/L can be recommended for freshwater higher aquatic plants. The obtained data are necessary for the development of phytotechnologies for water purification and the certification of these substances.

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest constituent entity of the Russian Federation located in the northeast. Yakutia is located in the permafrost zone, characterized by a harsh, sharply continental climate. The variety of natural conditions determines the development of heterogeneous vegetation cover in various natural zones — from the Arctic deserts to the middle taiga. The main part of the republic's territory is occupied by mountainous structures, where the altitude zone is pronounced, and therefore its flora and mycobiota are quite diverse. To date, about 850 species of lichens are known for the region. The purpose of this work is to identify lichen species that are rare in the region, and to review the collections of the Herbarium of the IBPC SB RAS (SASY). The basis of this work was the author's collections in complex expeditions of the IBPC SB RAS in the Tomponsky, Oymyakonsky, Lensky districts, materials from the SASY herbarium. Lichen species were identified by the author in the laboratory of the Department of Botanical Research of the IBPC SB RAS using standard lichen identification methods. The lichens Brigantiaea fuscolutea and Cyphelium pinicola are new to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). For Parmelia pinnatifida, the second location of the species in Yakutia is noted. The species Pertusaria octomela is new to the Yano-Indigirsky floral region (FR), Lobaria linita is new to the Verkhne-Lensky region. Rare lichen species Asahinea scholanderi, Masonhalea richardsonii, Pyxine sorediata are listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the RS (Ya); species Arctocetraria nigricascens, Lobaria isidiosa are included in the Red Book of the RS (Ya); lichen Cetrelia cetrarioides is listed as in need of monitoring. New information about the location is provided for each species, and information about specimens of this species previously discovered in Yakutia is summarized. Information is provided on the distribution of these rare lichen species in Yakutia in adjacent territories.

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), with its vast territories, climatic conditions, diverse landscapes, permafrost soils, and consequently, unique vegetation cover, attracts many botanical specialists. Sometimes, scientists leave their findings and observations unpublished, and these data do not make it into regional floristic summaries. To provide a more comprehensive representation of Yakutia's flora, work has been carried out to search for plant discoveries outside known ranges across various online resources. In this article, we present information on herbarium specimens from the Depository of Living Systems “Noev kovcheg” (Herbarium of Moscow State University, MW), Digital Herbariums of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (NSC), of the Institute of Biological Problems of North FEB RAS (MAG), and the South-Siberian Botanical Garden of Altai State University (ALTB), as well as observations from the Atlas of Species and the illustrated online plant identifier “Plantarium”. These electronic resources contain records and photographic documentation of new occurrences for 46 species and subspecies of vascular plants found in the Aldan, Upper-Lena, Olenyok, Central Yakutian, Yano-Indigirka, and Kolyma floristic regions. For the first time in the flora of Yakutia, the presence of Calamagrostis sugawarae, Trollius riederianus, Fragaria vesca, Geranium turczaninovii, Phlojodicarpus komarovii and Symphytum caucasicum has been noted. For the other recorded species, the identified habitats significantly expand their distribution ranges within Yakutia. Additionally, the work presents 8 cultivated plants (Allium obliquum, Raphanus raphanistrum, Anethum graveolens, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Mentha × piperita, Calendula officinalis, Helianthus annuus, Lactuca sativa) that in the central and southern regions are often noted by many researchers, as well as local residents, as growing outside of sown areas and cultivated plantings, predominantly in ruderal habitats. This work aims to provide a more complete picture of plant distribution and serves as an addition to the taxonomic basis for future floristic research, inventories, and the compilation of identification guides.

An important parameter for describing radiation transfer in a participating medium is the single scattering albedo, which characterizes the relationship between scattering and absorption processes in the medium. When considering radiation and combined heat transfer, the albedo is usually assumed to be constant, which makes it easier to solve the problem. At the same time, the optical properties can vary with the depth of the medium. In this study, a numerical analysis of the radiation field in a flat layer of absorbing, scattering, and emitting medium with a single scattering albedo varying in thickness is carried out. To solve the radiation transfer equation, a modified average fluxes method (AF-method) was used, which takes into account a wide range of optical parameters: the dependence of optical properties on the wavelength of incident radiation, scattering anisotropy, and reflectivity at layer boundaries. Calculations were performed for various albedos describing the change in the scattering and absorption ratio with depth in attenuation of the radiation flux in the layer. The results obtained indicate a noticeable effect of the albedo profile on the radiation field in the layer of the participating medium and, accordingly, the importance of correct consideration of this parameter when solving problems of radiation and combined heat transfer.

Digital devices for measuring blood pressure (BP) using a compression arm cuff, based on the oscillometric method of estimating BP, have been used in clinics and at home for over fifty years. Their operating principle is based on the test occlusion of brachial arteries and the assessment of their response. However, the individual properties of blood vessels and many hemodynamic features of the arm during occlusion are not taken into account. In this pilot study, the dynamics of interaction between the arterial and venous vascular beds of the upper limb during occlusion and decompression of the brachial artery in the course of blood pressure measurement by the standard oscillometric method were analyzed using synchronous recording of sphygmograms and dual-wavelength reflective pulse oximetry signals. It is hypothesized that significant spikes in the pulse oscillation envelope during cuff decompression are due to the autoregulatory response of the microcirculatory system during obstructed venous outflow. It is shown that recorded changes in the time delays between pulse signal fronts during decompression may reflect the transition between different hemodynamic regimes associated with the restoration of arterial inflow, venous outflow, and pulse wave velocity. The obtained results indicate the relevance of developing an expanded three-chamber model of the arm vascular network, as well as the creation of BP-monitors with additional remote sensors for recording peripheral hemodynamic parameters in order to enhance diagnostic capabilities for BP-monitors.

The article examines the concept of the “PATH” in the lyrico-epic works of Sargylana Golderova– Sargy Kuo as a significant category of the individual author's worldview and artistic interpretation of the Sakha people's ethnocultural memory. The relevance of the study is determined by the sustained interest of contemporary literary criticism in the conceptual analysis of literary texts, as well as by the need for a more precise description of Sargy Kuo's poetics, in which the motif of movement is connected with the native land, fate, spiritual choice, and the search for the highest value. The aim of the article is to identify the structure of the “PATH” concept and the ways it is represented in the poems “Ergilli”, “Moghol urahaҕa ayan”, and “Kem ayannyta”. The material for analysis comprises lexical, figurative, and narrative-compositional forms of embodying the path, including motifs of return, wandering, overcoming, purification, and movement towards Eternal Love. The methodological framework is based on conceptual, lexico-semantic, comparative, and interpretive approaches, which make it possible to correlate the dictionary meanings of the lexemes ayan and suol with their artistic function in the poetic text and the system of recurring images. Special attention is paid to the transition from the physical road to the heroine's inner journey, where spatial movement acquires value-laden and fateful significance. As a result, it is established that the “PATH” concept in Sargy Kuo's works is formed as a multilayered unity of spatial, temporal, and spiritual-axiological dimensions. In the poem “Ergilli”, it is revealed through a return to the Amga River and ancestral origins; in “Moghol urahaҕa ayan” – through a life trial, the search for protection and inner support; in “Kem ayannyta” – through a philosophical experience of time and liberation.

The aim of the study is to identify and describe interlanguage gaps identified when comparing Russian and Chinese at the lexical and terminological level of the specialty language in landscape architecture, their impact on understanding a foreign language text, taking into account the place of the lacuna in the semantic structure of the text, the typology of lexical lacunae, and the number of lacunae in the text. As part of the study of lexical units in the field of design, professional words and terms in Russian in the field of landscape architecture and the basics of landscape design were identified and analyzed. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its first examination of professionally oriented lexical lacunae identified in a comparison of Russian and Chinese languages in the field of landscape design. The problem of lacunarity is considered as a pedagogical issue, unlike previous studies that focused on a purely linguistic approach. As a result of the study, it wa s found that professional lacunary vocabulary, its type and quantity directly affect the completeness, accuracy and depth of perception of information in the text by foreign students. The large amount of lacunary vocabulary in a single text or sentence increases the difficulties in students' understanding of the text being read.

The significance of the research is related to the active cognitive study of epithetation in language and artistic discourse. The novelty of the proposed research consists of identifying the mechanisms of formation of figurative attributive meanings in the M. Tsvetaeva’s idiolect. In this article our purpose is to describe epithetation using hot-spectrum attributes in the M. Tsvetaeva’s poetic texts. This research is based on the combination of cognitive methods of analyzing linguistic facts – cognitive-semantic, blending and lexical-semantic – component, lexicographic; the method of quantitative analysis of linguistic data is also used. The involvement of data from the Dictionary of the Russian literary language, as well as from The Russian National Corpus, makes it possible to compare the speech and author's use of temperature adjectives of the hot spectrum in speech and in the M. Tsvetaeva’s idiolect, to identify the grounds for epithetation with the attributes under consideration. It is noted that the epithetation of objects by temperature attributes has specificity in the aspect of individual perception of temperature and the actualization of figurative meanings of the adjectives hot, fiery, ardent, sultry. The main directions of the transfer of the attribute hot are associated with the nomination of various emotions, love experiences. M. Tsvetaeva’s poetry poetic texts contain various types of actualization of the attribute hot, the leading position among which is occupied by the meaning “passionate”. Based on the M. Tsvetaeva’s poetry, various directions of epithetation by the temperature attribute of the hot spectrum are shown, the detailing of this type of attribute is noted. The main object of epithetation is a person and the organs of his body. It is proved that epithetation is one of the key mechanisms of verbalization of the conceptual meanings of M. Tsvetaeva's creativity, which has a cognitive basis. The results of the research contribute to the theory of attribution and epithetology, linguistic study of M. Tsvetaeva's creativity and linguapoetics.

This article examines the otherworldly reality motif in Russian prose of the late 20th and the early 21st centuries, drawing on such works as “Two Kingdoms” by L.S. Petrushevskaya, “The Tambourine of the Upper World” by V.O. Pelevin, “All is Forbidden” by N.N. Sadur, “Pasternak” by M.Yu. Elizarov, and “House of Twins” by A.V. Korolev. The cited texts are representative for the purposes of this study: in each of them, the motif of the otherworldly reality plays a central role in the plot and carries profound symbolic significance. The relevance of the article stems from the fairly high frequency of this motif in works from the 1900s to the 2000s, as well as from the increased attention which modern scholarship is paying to the problem of another reality as a possible alternative existence. The aim of this study is to examine the otherworldly reality motif poetics and to identify its symbolism in works of contemporary Russian prose. The objectives of the study are: 1) to determine the influence of the existing literary-folkloric visionary tradition on works of contemporary literature; 2) to establish, in each specific work, the symbolism of the otherworldly reality motif, as determined by the author’s individual artistic objectives; 3) to identify general trends in the semantic content of the otherworldly reality motif among contemporary Russian writers. To accomplish these objectives, a structural-semiotic method of literary analysis is employed, enabling the identification of mythologems, literary-folkloric images, ‘formulas’ and plots that embody the otherworldly reality motif in contemporary prose. The research has revealed a rich literary-folkloric tradition linked to archaic notions of the afterlife, embodied in such conceptual terms as ‘the other world’, ‘hell’ and ‘heaven’. The range of individual authors’ interpretations of the otherworldly reality motif is quite broad. L. Petrushevskaya and V. Pelevin subvert popular notions of paradise as a materially prosperous existence after death. N. Sadur and A. Korolev draw upon images of heaven and hell to embody the idea of the real life imperfection. In M. Elizarov’s work, the priority given to the pagan myth of the afterlife over the Christian understanding of the afterlife discredits Christianity as alien to the Russian consciousness. Through the ‘hell–heaven’ dichotomy, A. Korolev embodies the idea of the human nature duality. Overall, by drawing on the otherworldly reality motif, contemporary writers raise existential questions and convey a sense of the tragedy of the modern human existence.

The practices of interpreting the concept of discourse can hardly be reduced to some general definitions. Based on the discursive analysis, it is quite pointless to try to finally find a single unified definition of discourse that would be shared by all linguists. Thus, the approach to understanding this term in the field of humanities leads to an analogy with Wittgenstein's concept of family resemblance since each of the interpretations of discourse is related to other concepts which leads to the construction of a complex network. It seems possible to reduce all these interpretations to a “common denominator”, as well as to assert the hypothesis that all these concept-notions underlie an essential and significant area of human activity. Thus, one of the tasks of the article is to examine the sphere of human practices designated by the definition of discourse which represent a very important phenomenon in human communicative activity. Another task is to describe the nature of interaction and interpenetration of discourses in the process of communicative practices. The article does not claim to have the only correct interpretation concerning the concept of discourse and the principles involving interpenetration of its types; the research and academic goals presented are rather an attempt to include several new cells in the already existing conceptual networks which are located in the linguo-philosophical space.

Identifying the ethnopoetic specifics of artistic expression is essential when studying the literature of the peoples of the Russian Federation to understand their unique development patterns in the 20th century and to develop a new concept within the overall context of traditional culture in the era of modernization. Therefore, it is important to explore the problem of ethnopoetics in the works of the founders of national literature as a factor determining the distinctiveness of their artistic thinking and style, as well as the ideological and artistic structure of their works. The purpose of this study is to examine the symbolic image of the Mountain, which represents the ethnopoetic foundation of the artistic world in the poetry of the founders of Tuvan literature. This article examines the poetic works of Stepan Saryg-ool, Sergei Purbyu, Salchak Tamba, and Vasily Erenchin. The beginning of these writers' creative quests coincided with the formation, consolidation, and development of the new socialist system, a time of radical upheaval in the traditional life of the Tuvans – primordially nomadic people. The art of written language in Tuva developed in the context of the emergence of a new social system and the modernization of all spheres of life. This work employs comparative-historical and structural-semiotic methods, while also employing an intertextual approach to provide a holistic presentation of the ethnic model of the world and its transformation in poetry. The founders of Tuvan literature began writing during the atheist era, yet despite this, they managed to subtly express in their works the golden nuggets of national reality, the ethnic way of life, and the people's centuries-old experience. This national worldview is vividly expressed in poems dedicated to the poets' Native Land. The ethnopoetic image of the Mountain in Tuvan poetry is largely a symbol of rebirth, vitality, and maternalism. When creating the symbol of the mountain, writers often draw on folklore and mythology ingrained in their memories.

This article examines the functioning of antonyms in Even epic tales. The relevance of this work stems from the insufficient research into the language of Even folklore, the expressive means used, and antonyms in Even studies. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that it is the first time an analysis of the functioning of Even antonyms within an epic text has been conducted. The aim of this work is to study antonyms in Even epic poetry. To achieve this, the following objectives were set: identifying antonyms, determining their characteristics, and defining their functions in Even epic folklore. The primary method is descriptive, employing observation, generalization, and interpretation. Even epic tales from published sources are used as material. The work examines the part-of-speech characteristics of the identified antonyms and reveals the functioning of antonyms of nouns, adjectives, verbs, participles, and adverbs. Frequent antonymic pairs have been identified: ai-keneli ʻgood-badʼ and their derivatives aich-kenelich ʻgood-badʼ; ineӈ-dolba ʻday-nightʼ, etc. It has been established that in the Even epic, a significant number of antonymic pairs are formed by words denoting various positions in space. The function of antonyms in Even tales lies in conveying profound images by contrasting opposing phenomena and concepts. Antonyms are used to create portrait characteristics, spatial and temporal representations, and to describe various actions and emotional states of heroes. Further study of antonymic relationships in Even folklore will significantly contribute to the understanding of the semantic system of the Even language, the characteristics of its reflection in oral folklore, and the mechanisms of folklore image formation. In the long term, identifying and analyzing the full stylistic potential of Even folklore seems relevant.

Phraseological combinations constitute a significant proportion of all types of phraseological units in both English and Russian. They form an intermediate link between free word combinations and phraseological unities. The expansion of the combinatorial potential of the core component of phraseological combinations leads to their convergence with free word combinations, while the loss of the lexical autonomy of an element with a phraseologically bound meaning accelerates the transition of a phraseological combination to a phraseological unity. This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the lexical and grammatical properties of verbal phraseological combinations in English and Russian. This review aims to identify the similarities and differences between phraseological and free word combinations in terms of grammar, as well as to justify the position of phraseological combinations on the periphery of the language's phraseological stock. Verbal phraseological combinations, selected using a continuous sampling method from explanatory, translation, and phraseological dictionaries have served as the material for the research. Traditional methods of analyzing phraseological units have been used: a comparative method, continuous sampling, dictionary definition analysis, contextual analysis, and phraseological description. The study has revealed similarities in syntactic links between the components of phraseological combinations and free word combinations. A verb within a phraseological unit retains the same grammatical characteristics inherent in a verb in a variable combination, as well as the ability to form syntactic links with nouns. A noun within a phraseological combination expresses its constant attributes, including its belonging to a specific lexical-semantic category. The difference is expressed in the presence of informative complementary relationships in the phraseological combinations of both languages resulting from the verb's inability to autonomously express its meaning, i.e., the lack of lexical self-sufficiency of the verbal component.

Nikolai Denisovich Neustroev (1895–1929) is one of the founders of Yakut literature, an educator, and a realist writer. Although he lived a short life, he dedicated it entirely to literature, becoming the originator of such genres as comedy and the short story in Yakutia. Russian literature, for which he had a great passion, and his friendship with the Russian educator N.A. Rubakin played a big role in his development as a writer. Having received Rubakin's blessing for his creative work, Neustroev followed his advice. The works of N.D. Neustroev were influenced by the writings of such Russian classics as A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, and others. The relevance of this article is due to the insufficient study of N.D. Neustroev's creative legacy. Neustroev's works are included in school textbooks and those of secondary and higher educational institutions. His comedies remain a staple of Yakut theaters, forming a core part of their repertoire. Nevertheless, his work has not received sufficient attention or scholar interpretation.The first study of the works of Yakut classics appeared during the harsh years of Soviet reality, when criticism was dominated by vulgar sociologism and a nihilistic attitude toward the literary heritage. The first Yakut writers were labeled bourgeois nationalists. In his book Three Yakut Realist Educators (1944), G.P. Basharin was the first to place N. D. Neustroev alongside his great predecessors – A.E. Kulakovsky and A.I. Sofronov – calling them the founders of Yakut literature. During the years of the so-called "Thaw" and the lull in literary debates, G.K. Boeskorov's monograph The Works of N.D. Neustroev (1967) was published posthumously. However, the writer's work has still not received an objective assessment, and long-standing debates continue regarding which literary tradition his work belongs to – pre-revolutionary or Soviet. Neustroev created his major works during the 1920s, in the Soviet period. Yet it is difficult to classify his works as Soviet literature, as he continued the artistic traditions of Russian critical realism and of the first Yakut writers, A. Kulakovsky and A. Sofronov. Thus, based on an examination of documents and the writer's creative path, this article sets out to examine a profound source of his creative quest: Russian literature, which influenced his development as a writer, founder, and classic of Yakut literature.

The article analyzes the role of biblical allusions and reminiscences in F. Herbert's science fiction novel “Dune”, and also examines how these text inclusions expand the plot of the work. The relevance of this study is due to the increased frequency of the use of biblical allusions in the plots of works of fiction, as well as the need for correct decoding of this linguistic phenomenon in the text in order to more accurately convey biblical references when translating works into a foreign language. The purpose of this work is to study the role of biblical allusions and reminiscences as tools for the semantic expansion of the plot of the novel “Dune”. Within the framework of this work, it is proposed to analyze how these motifs complement and complicate the narrative, create intertextual connections and enhance its philosophical content. The research material was the book of the New Testament – the Revelation of John the Theologian and the science fiction novel by F. Herbert's “Dune”. The methodology is based on an integrated approach combining methods of comparative analysis, contextual analysis of the work, and linguistic analysis of the text. The results of the study revealed that Roman F. Herbert's “Dune” is not only a large-scale work in which religious motifs and biblical allusions occupy a special place, but also the fact that the use of biblical allusions and reminiscences contributes to the formation of a mythopoetic background, which reveals themes of fate, power, foresight and salvation. The results of this study can be applied in the study of the disciplines “Linguistic analysis and interpretation of literary text”, “Foreign literature”, and the study can also be useful in analyzing the role of biblical texts in the construction of artistic images in a work and their impact on fiction in general. The prospects for further research are to use the developed techniques in further analyzing the role of biblical allusions in F. Herbert's science fiction novel “Dune”, as well as in expanding the theoretical understanding of the semantic levels laid down by the author of the work.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the vocabulary of the Mongolic languages related to physiological functions (defecation, urination) and their results. The relevance of the research is due to the need to study the problems of linguistic representation of physiological processes, as well as the insufficient number of researches in the field of words, reflecting such a sphere of human activity as bodily functions. The purpose of the work is to consider the semantics and functioning of the excretory vocabulary of the Mongolic languages as part of paroemias and swear words, its euphemization, as well as the study of magical and medicinal properties of human waste products. In the course of the research, the continuous sampling method, descriptive and structural method, and the method of contextual analysis were used. It is revealed that the euphemistic verbs of the field under consideration have nationally marked features due to the cultural originality of the speech culture and traditions of the Mongolic peoples. In particular, examples of euphemization using pastoral vocabulary have been identified, the use of which is regulated by gender differences. The analysis of euphemisms related to the sphere of human physiological functions led to the conclusion that their semantics contain both the universal and specific character of the mental world of native Mongolic speakers. Urine as a vital product of the human body has been used in traditional medicine practices as an effective medicinal product. In the myths and legends of the Buryats, the plots of which contain elements of space exploration, urine was endowed with the properties of a sacred product of the vital activity of mythical or real characters with the status of a deity. In the future, it is planned to study a peculiar layer of vocabulary of the Mongolic languages, denoting animal waste, as well as to study the aspects of the use of these wastes in the economic, magical and therapeutic practices of nomadic Mongols.

Biographical studies, situated at the intersection of history and literature, constantly confront the fundamental problem of the boundary between factual reliability and artistic fiction. In the era of “post-truth”, marked by a tendency toward scandalization and deliberate distortion of the images of classical authors in biographical texts, the substantiation of ethical norms and methodological principles for working with fiction acquires particular relevance. The relevance of this study is determined by the key problem for contemporary humanities—the boundary between factual accuracy and artistic invention in biographical studies, a discipline at the crossroads of history and literature. The aim of this article is to compare two influential approaches to solving this problem, as presented in the works of Chinese scholar Yang Zhengrun (Modern Biographical Studies, 2009; English translation A Modern Poetics of Biography, 2025) and Russian researcher A.A. Kholikov (Writer's Biography as a Genre, 2014). The objectives include revealing the essential characteristics of Yang Zhengrun's “paradigm of theoretical construction” and Kholikov's “paradigm of genre-specific deepening”, systematizing the types and boundaries of biographical fiction, and identifying differences in the understanding of the nature of biography within Chinese and Russian academic traditions. The methodology is based on comparative and textual analysis within the framework of cross-cultural academic dialogue. The study demonstrates that Yang Zhengrun proposes a universal, meticulously elaborated typology of biographical fiction (supplementing, expanding, transferring, and explicit) and formulates the universal ethical principle of the “biographer's oath”. In contrast, A.A. Kholikov focuses on the specific genre of the writer's biography, and through a comparative analysis of B.K. Zaitsev's artistic biography and A.N. Veselovsky's scholarly biography, demonstrates how the purpose of the life writing and the identity of the biographer determine the extent and form of admissible fiction. The main conclusion is that Yang Zhengrun's theoretical universalization and A.A. Kholikov's genre-specific concretization represent complementary rather than mutually exclusive paradigms. The prospect for future research lies in the synthesis of these approaches, the dialogue between which contributes to the further institutionalization of biographical studies as an independent scientific discipline with its own theoretical foundation and methodological apparatus.

The article analyzes the reception of Russian camp prose in contemporary Chinese literary studies through the example of A.I. Solzhenitsyn, V.T. Shalamov, and S.D. Dovlatov. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that, despite more than forty years of attention to the Russian camp theme in Chinese academia, the degree to which these authors have been studied remains highly uneven, while a comparative understanding of the three lines of reception has not yet been sufficiently generalized. The purpose of the article is to identify the main patterns underlying the Chinese reception of Russian camp prose, to determine the differences in the degree of scholarly engagement with these writers, and to establish the factors shaping the scale and character of this process. The research material includes dissertations, peer-reviewed journal articles, and translated editions available in Chinese academic databases. The study employs historical-literary, comparative, reception-oriented, and bibliographical-descriptive methods. It is established that Solzhenitsyn has the most stable research tradition in China, whereas studies on Shalamov and Dovlatov remain relatively limited and have not developed into an academic tradition comparable in scale to that of Solzhenitsyn. The article shows that these differences concern not only the number of studies but also the nature of the research approaches applied to them: Solzhenitsyn has long been examined predominantly from socio-historical, religious, and anthropological perspectives; studies on Shalamov emphasize above all the humanistic dimension of his prose; attention to Dovlatov, in turn, is focused on marginality, irony, genre hybridity, and postmodern poetics. As a result, the article concludes that the translational accessibility of a text is one of the key conditions for an author’s inclusion in Chinese academic discourse and largely determines the intensity of subsequent scholarly research. At the same time, it establishes that over recent decades Chinese scholarship on Russian camp prose has moved from predominantly socio-political interest toward more complex and philologically nuanced forms of analysis. Further research may develop along several lines: a deeper study of the narrative poetics of Kolyma Stories, a systematic comparative analysis of the three writers, a stronger dialogue with international Slavic studies, and a further expansion of the translation base through the introduction of key Dovlatov texts, especially The Zone, into the Chinese literary and scholarly context.

This study analyzes the semantics and mechanisms of representing catastrophic consciousness in Anna Akhmatova's poetry from the 1910s to early 1920s. The relevance of this work stems from the need to rethink the poet's early work not only in the context of psychologically intimate lyric poetry but also as a text documenting the transition of historical eras through the prism of eschatology. The aim of the study is to identify the evolution of the image of catastrophe: from personal breakdown in early collections to a prophecy of the end of the world. The poetry collections "White Flock" and "Podorozhnik" serve as the material for the analysis. The study utilizes methods of systemic philological analysis and intertextual reading. The study establishes that the catastrophism of Akhmatova's early works is realized through a unique system of material signs, where everyday details become indices of existential collapse. It is demonstrated that in the author's poetics, the heroine's personal tragedy is scaled up to global events, acquiring the characteristics of a sacred sacrifice. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the chronotope: it is revealed that, from 1914 onward, the lyric poetry incorporates biblical archetypes and direct allusions to the Book of Revelation, transforming the urban space into the space of the Final Judgment. Analysis of specific texts reveals how sensory markers (specific odors, anomalous natural phenomena, and color symbolism) form a persistent semantic opposition between the earthly world and the coming eternity. The study concludes that Akhmatova's poetics of catastrophe are built on a synthesis of everyday psychologism and a lofty eschatological tradition, where historical cataclysm is experienced as an ethical test and a personal redemptive feat.