We conduct fall migration counts of endangered Siberian crane breeding in sub-arctic tundra in Yakutia from 2008, in point of the species flyway narrowing at Middle Aldan River. The birds fly in this river valley after overcoming the mountain ranges of the North-Eastern Yakutia, on the way to wintering sites in South-Western China. Simultaneously, the migration counts of three geese species were conducted. Works using the method of standard visual counts are carried out to determine the dynamics of population size and the impact of weather and climatic conditions of the year on the nature and timing of fall bird migration. It was found that due to abnormal weather, the conditions in the spring-summer and fall periods of North-Eastern Yakutia in 2017, the fall migration of Siberian cranes and geese took place in an unusually short time in the middle reaches of the Aldan river this year. Birds formed too numerous flocks recorded at unusually short intervals. Short terms of migration at the place and the large number of cranes and geese in flocks, recorded in very short intervals, demonstrate the general reaction of birds to the sharp deterioration of weather conditions, in particular, cooling and snow precipitation, against the background of relatively favorable and comfortable weather. The data of 2017 showed with a high probability that in the described area of fall migration counts, fly the entire Siberian crane Eastern population, spending the summer in the sub-arctic tundra of the lowland between Yana and Kolyma Rivers. During the previous 10 years of fall migration observation, such high results for Siberian crane Eastern population, close to 100%, were not obtained. The paper considers the relationship of this phenomenon with the extremely low success of reproduction in 2017, as a result of the fact that Siberian crane territorial pairs were allowed the presence of young immature cranes to their individual home ranges until the fall migration. Although, in the normal years, young birds, not tied to certain areas, can begin to migrate earlier than pairs with chicks. Thus, Siberian cranes unusually high number on the migration can also be caused by the simultaneous flight timing of adult and immature birds, held together in the nesting area before the formation of pre-migration concentrations, as a result of the lack of reproduction due to abnormal weather conditions.

From ancient times to modern times, various species of creatures have lived and become extinct. The ancient animals have invaluable information about evolution and extinction of species. Furthermore, Yakutsk is one of the coldest area in the world and Yakutia horses have survived in the cold climate of Siberia and they have evolved to adapt this environment. So there are many of studies about these horses in relation to their external features, metabolic mechanisms and genetic changes. For this reason, we perform stem cells isolation to revive ancient horse, which lived in Yakutia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult somatic stem cells which exhibit plastic attachment. These cells are potent donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and also have been widely studied for genomic/proteomic analysis. However, long-term preservation of ancient animal carcass in nature leads to the fungi contamination of tissues, resulting in failure of MSCs primary culture. We established a strategy to prevent fungi contamination of MSCs isolation. The ancient horse muscle tissues were cultured with different concentration of amphotericin b and evaluated for fungi contamination. The treatment of different concentration of amphotericin b showed that 2.5 ug/ml amphotericin b was the most efficient to prevent fungi contamination. Furthermore, we analyze contamination between tissue piece culture condition and single cell culture condition. This evaluation certify that the single cell culture system largely preserves the anti-fungi contamination of MSCs isolation. These results suggest a practical strategy for establishment in vitro ancient animal primary culture system along with prevention of fungi contamination.

The article considers the problem of differentiation in Orulgan Ridge two ancient complexes of the Late Paleozoic flora - lepidophytean and postlepidophytean, established in Bylykat and Setachan Formation. There is no consensus on the volume, lithological structure, the division into Formations and stage affiliations of the Bylykat Formation. The data on the taxonomic composition of the flora found in this Formation are also ambiguous. The aim of the study is to justify the age of the Bylykat Formation, to determine the composition of the flora found from the stratotype of the Bylykat River and the section along the Nimnecheen River. To achieve this, analysis and processing of materials were carried out, a monographic study of plant debris collected from the stratotype of the Bylykat River and section along the Nimnecheen River, determination of their age and stratigraphic distribution was carried out. In successive sections of the Lower Carboniferous of the Orulgan Ridge, two successively alternating flora complexes were established: lepidophytean and postlepidophytean. The lepidophytean complex of the Bylykat Formation contains lepidophytes, which are represented by decorted fragments and imprints of the cortex. Imprints and fragments of the cortex belong to the genus Angarodendron, Angarophloios и Lophiodendron, the floristic complex confidently belongs to the Late Visean-Serpukhovian macrofloristic zone of Angaropteridium. The postlepidophytean complex is represented mainly by fragments of your pteridosperms with cyclopteroid feathers Abacanidium and Angaropteridium. The absence of the lycopsids indicates that this complex belongs to the Bashkirian macrofloristic zone Belonopteris. It was previously believed that the change of lepidophytean and postlepidophytean complexes occurs at the border of the Bylykat and Setachan Formation. Our studies have made it possible to clarify the level of this shift and show that the change of the lepidophytean complex to the postlepidophytean complex in the Orulgan zone occurs inside the Bylykat Formation. It is concluded that the boundary between the Serpukhovian and Bashkirian stages passes through the Bylykat Formation. The age of the Bylykat Formation can be considered as Serpukhovian-Early-Bashkirian. The article presents photographs of fossil plants: Lophiodendron tyrganense Zalessky, L. variabile S.Meyen, Angarophloios sp., A. cf. alternans (Schmalhausen) S. Meyen, A. leclercqianus S. Meyen, Ursodendron sp., Cordaicarpus kovbassinae Suchov, Angarocarpus ananievii Suchov, Samaropsis cf. jurabaensis Rasskazova, Abacanidium sp., A. abaeanum (Zalessky) Radczenko, Angaropteridium cardiopteroides (Schmalhausen) Zalessky.

The article presents data from the results of research and the influence of agricultural crops on the example of barley, rye and oats on the physiological state of farm animals. In biological science, grain crops are subdivided according to their classification, plants are classified as monocotyledons by the biological assessment, and Bluegrass (Poaceae). According to literary sources, the fruits of cereals are rich in substances such as protein and starch, which has a very positive effect on all living organisms in mammals. Rarely in their chemical composition can be found coumarins, rarely essential oil. Cereal crops have very ancient roots as a food plant for humans and as food for animals. The main group includes rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, etc. One of the main factors for growing crops is providing the population with bakery products. As a result of multi-stage production and processing, bran remains after grinding; they are quite a complete feed for the use of farm animals and poultry. Usually used in the diet of animals in pure form or as mixtures using new technologies, such as heat-treated form. The results of research work are given on milk production, on the chemical composition of milk, on the digestibility of nutrients in the body of Simmental cows. As well as biological changes in the organism of animals, its results when cultivated plants are added to the diet, growing in the conditions of the zone of the cryolithozone.

Scalar two-electron operators in j-space are composed of the single tensor operators in j-space of k rank formed from the operators of electron creation and annihilation. They form a complete system of simplest scalar operators in j-space. This makes it possible to express by them any complex scalar operators in j-space. General formulas are obtained for the matrix elements of these scalar two-electron operators in j-space in the case of a subshell of equivalent electrons. Simpler algebraic formulas are derived in different special cases from these general formulas. Recurrent relations for matrix elements of operators are obtained. It is shown that obtaining these relations is most easier if we use the quasispin formalism. It is shown that the consideration of the matrix elements of operators is greatly simplified if we use Casimir operators for unitary U(2j+1) and symplectic Sp(2j+1) groups. In this case, it is possible to express the matrix elements of operators through the precedence numbers , which simplifies the obtained formulas for the matrix elements of operators. For example, the matrix elements of operators with odd k ranks do not depend on the number of electrons N.

The article sheds the light onthe common views of the Yakut national poet S. P. Danilov and the historian G. P. Basharin regarding the literary heritage of the Yakut peopleand their struggle for its defense as well as rehabilitation of the names of the three Yakut literature founders - A. E. Kulakovsky, A. I. Sofronovand N. D. Neustroyev. At that time the Yakut folklore, the heroic epic Olonkho, and the works of Kulakovsky, Sofronov and Neustroev were accused of being relics of the past times, representing anti-Soviet nationalistic views. G.P. Basharin was at the forefront of the defense of the literary heritage by rehabilitating the names of the above mentioned Yakut literature founders in his well-renowned book “The Three Yakut Realists-Enlighteners”. S. P. Danilov always supported Basharin in his views. The struggle continued for several decades: it began in the 1920s, exacerbated in the 30s and 50s, reduced in the 60s during the Khrushchev thaw and was still carried on afterwards. The article emphasizes that oppression of the Yakut literary heritage was linked to the flaws in broader national politics and highlights the main theoretical approaches to erroneous interpretation of Yakut literary heritage and folklore during the life of Danilov. Through analysis of intersection of lives and activities of Basharin and Danilov, the authorsreveal how, despite the ideological constraints, Danilov alsocontributed to the defense of Yakut literary heritage and rehabilitation of the names of Kulakovsky, Sofronov and Nustroev.The article encloses the table comparing the lives and activities of these two outstanding representatives of Yakut people, whose biographies still remain insufficiently studied.

The subject of this work is the symbolic meaning of red and its lexical designations, which are analyzed as a fragment of the mythopoetic picture of the world of Turkic peoples. Despite the existence of a considerable number of works devoted to the study of color designations, the semantics of red and its names on the material of the language and folklore of the Turkic peoples have not yet been the subject of special research. We will try to fill this gap and identify the cultural connotations of the colorists in a wide folklore-ethnographic context with the involvement of comparative historical material. Another equally relevant and poorly studied topic, which the author of the article concerns, is the problem of the mechanisms of collective oral memory of folklore. As the analysis of the material testifies, language appears as a universal environment in which the most ancient worldviews, mental stereotypes and key concepts that reveal the national identity of culture were deposited; it is here that understanding is realized. The work uses a complex technique: the lexical analysis of red names in close connection with mythological, ritual and other signs, against the background of the whole cultural presupposition of native speakers, updates the cultural meaning of the word and its referent, as well as potential semes and various kinds of connotations, providing a more accurate interpretation both words and the text as a whole. he author concludes that the red color in epic tales is interpreted in accordance with the pathos of the narrative as an expression of the heroism and heroic character of the defender of life on Earth. In the mythopoetic picture of the world of Turkic peoples, it serves as a marker of the sphere of human life. The linguistic data - the etymology of the word * qyzyl ‘red’, the clichéd designations of both people and the Middle World, the southern side - indicate that red light is a symbol of the region inhabited by people. Language is a powerful factor in the formation of cultural codes, and its role is not only in the transmission of information, but also in the internal organization of what is being communicated.

The systemic-structural approach to the study of the grammatical structure of the Yakut language has recently been intensively complemented by a functional-semantic one. This circumstance is completely natural and is explained by the fact that the current stage of linguistic research urgently requires a multidimensional study of linguistic phenomena, primarily in the semantic direction. In this regard, it seems relevant to trace the development of grammatical research on the material of the Yakut language in the functional-semantic aspect. In this article an attempt was made to trace the development path of the Yakut grammatical tradition using a complex of descriptive linguistic analysis techniques such as synchronous, systemic, structural, categorical, and functional. It is noted that the systemic-structural approach to the study of the phenomena of language was laid by Otto Boehtlingk and received a serious development in the research conducted by L.N. Kharitonov and representatives of the grammar school founded by the latter. The functional-semantic orientation in the studies of the Yakut language has been concretely embodied in the works of N.E. Petrov and G.G. Filippov. The article focuses on the analysis of the results of the current studies of semantic categories on the material of the Yakut language. It is stated that the directions of studying the grammatical system of the Yakut language: both system-structural and functional-semantic are based on the principle of consistency and imply an approach to language fact from the side of the structural device and from its functions in speech. At the same time, the principle of "empirical material - a theoretical conclusion", inherent in all studies on the grammar of the Yakut language, is fully valid in the current functional-semantic research. Conducted modern research at the junction of systems of grammar and vocabulary are designed to develop the Yakut grammatical tradition, not only in theoretical but also in applied direction.

The article discusses the use of the most significant concepts in the literary text of the monument of pre-revolutionary Buryat literature “Baligay Toli” (“Mirror of Wisdom”) E.-H. Galshieva. The study aims to identify the key concepts of the text of this monument, to clarify the features of the author's worldview, as well as to establish the contribution of E.-Kh. Galshiev to the development of the national conceptosphere. The main object is a unit of text: themes, concepts and means of expression. In this article, conceptual analysis involves studying the implementation of a concept at a thematic level: emotional-psychological (vigilance, foresight), moral (honesty ...), concept images (enmity and friendship; friend-friendship). Vigilance in the author’s understanding seems to be in compliance with the following rules of conduct, that is, "before starting any business, you need to carefully consider it, that is, being careful, but without indecision, prudence, but without suspicion"; The foresight in the author’s interpretation is “in the ability not only to understand, but also to foresee the internal logic of events and the prospect of their further development”. To be honest, according to Galshiev, means “to value the truth, that is, to be honest with people. And he considers the meaning of true friendship to be the friendship of good, equally friendly people. The main purpose of the concepts of "enmity - friendship" comes down to helping a person find the right approach in communicating with people - both with friends and with enemies. The idea of Galshiev’s friendship is that he considers true friendship to be the friendship of good, qually friendl ipeople. The tasks set in the work predetermined the use of historical-literary, artistic-aesthetic, descriptive-analytical methods of research, as well as semantic-stylistic analysis of the literary text and poetics ingeneral.

The article discusses the issues of theoretical and applied research on the stylistics of the Yakut language. The facts of the formation and development of stylistics as a science in Yakut linguistics, as well as the formation of the Yakut literary language, are reflected. The relevance of this work is due to the increased interest of modern linguistics in the problems of the functioning of Yakut speech. In the framework of this study, a comprehensive analysis of the development of the department of stylistics of the Yakut language and the Russian-Yakut translation on the functional styles of the Yakut language under the guidance of prof. T. I. Petrova. The method of a chronological description of scientific and methodological developments, carried out under the guidance of Professor T. I. Petrova by young researchers. Since the opening of the department of stylistics of the Yakut language and Russian-Yakut translation, a project was developed “Stylistics of the Yakut language and culture of speech” to develop one of the promising areas of Yakut linguistics. In the framework of this project (from 2001 to 2012), five researchers defended their dissertation: S. V. Ivanova, L. E. Manchurina, G. G. Torotoev, N. A. Efremova, E. S. Gerasimova. Thus, a scientific school of stylists-researchers of the Yakut language was created. A group of young researchers published a number of educational and methodological developments that were actively used in classes on the style and culture of native language speech. The faculty of the department, in addition to scientific research, deals with the preservation and development of the culture of the native language.

The article proposes an approach based on the hermeneutic triangle supplemented by a phenomenological substantiation of the limits of identification, communication, rhythms of world harmony, which corresponds to the ideas about the coordinate system of the world based on the dynamic equilibria developed in our previous works. These limits are simultaneously considered for the author of the text and the reader (the reader’s expectations). The approach based on the hermeneutic triangle: “author, text, reader,” in our opinion, has the greatest prospects in the study of Russian classical literature. The approach involves the active interaction of the elements of the triangle, as well as related phenomena and horizons. In this process, from the code laid down by the author in the text, thanks to the efforts of the reader, a work is born. In this work, we consider only the philological aspects of Dostoevsky's work, while in domestic criticism much attention was paid to his civic position and religious and philosophical views. In identification, Dostoevsky constantly emphasizes the desire to express himself at all costs, although often one-sidedly. The identification of the person was most clearly expressed by his "underground man", who seeks at all costs to express his own "I". However, Dostoevsky does not merge with the accuser-hero, and in some ways, on the contrary, convicts him and contrasts his worldview with his own. Communication is determined by the created Dostoevsky systems that characterize his novels. A distorted consciousness created by an unhappy suffering person dominates in this flawed gloomy world. Here, love takes ugly forms; rare animals appearing near a person are abnormal, etc. Dostoevsky’s rhythms are determined by his expressive style, the creation of borderline situations. Despite all the flawed scenery, the rhythms of his works are focused on the sublime, on beauty, on all the best that can be in a person. In addition, the work uses the hermeneutic approach of M. Heidegger dividing the meanings into the meanings of “world” and “earth”. The main insights of Dostoevsky are the ontological depth of evil in man, the comprehensive disclosure of personality, the harmony of the symphony of the voices of his heroes.

The article is devoted to revealing the specifics of the national image of the Khakass world in the works of the authors of 1920-1930s. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that in modern philological science the comprehension of the artistic and general cultural value of literary texts of the Soviet period is being continued to examine. Our study will reveal and describe the foundations of the national image of the world of the Khakass people and how it is presented in the literature works. Revealing the specifics of the national image of the world in literature allows us to reveal their enduring artistic and value qualities, the value meanings contained in them, to see the significance of the prototypes, and, therefore, to form a more complete picture of the spiritual culture of the people. The specifics of the reflection of the national image of the world in the works of Khakass writers 1920-1930s is not studied. This determines the novelty of the work, it has first examined the relationship of spatio-temporal images and motives characteristic of the Khakass literature. We take into consideration the fact that traditional representations of people associated with the image of the world or model of the world are preserved in the works of literature as well as in folklore. In order to identify the specifics of the image of the world in the works of individual writers, we have highlighted repeated images, motives in the texts of stories, short stories and poems of the beginning of the XX-th century. The Khakass literature of the Soviet period, like other literature that has received an impact for development in a new written form in 1920-1930s, is often criticized by researchers for their ideological character, political nature and low artistic level. At the same time, in the works of literary scholars of the last century of P. A. Troyakov, K. F. Antoshin, M. A. Ungvitskaya, A. G. Kyzlasova, as well as in recent studies of V. A. Karamasheva, N. N. Taskarakova, N. S. Maynagasheva, L. V. Cheltygmasheva, it was noted that Khakass literature continues the artistic traditions of native folklore, and folklore is its most important characteristic. There is no doubt that reflecting the current events of those years (the establishment of Soviet power, collectivization, civil war), the first Khakass writers relied on the poetics of native folklore, and at the same time they reproduced the national image of the world in their works, i.e. people’s traditional ideas about an objectively existing world. The purpose of this article is to identify the features of the reflection of the national image of the world in the work of Khakass writers: P. T. Shtygashev (1886-1943), V. A. Kobyakov (1906-1937), A. M. Topanov (1903-1959), A. I. Kuzugashev (1905-1938), M. S. Kokov (1914-1941). The article solves the problem of revealing the features of art space and time in the work of these authors.

The article discusses the nature of historical changes in the system of documentary terminology of the Russian language of the XVIII century. The basis for these changes was the radical reforms in the field of administrative management and the sociocultural life of Russia as a whole, carried out by Peter I, as well as the well-known process of destruction of Church Slavonic-Russian diglossia and the synthesis of previously separate linguistic elements, which led to the formation of common norms of a new type of literary language. The relevance of the problem of studying the names of documents of various genres in this historical period is connected with the problem of classifying monuments of business writing, the genre system of which underwent significant changes in the eighteenth century in the light of the above factors. The purpose of this article is to consider the names of documents of the 18th century as office work terms in the historical and linguistic aspect. In this regard, the article widely uses the method of definitional analysis of terms on the material of historical dictionaries of the Russian language and the method of contextual analysis. On the material of the names of registration and other documents, the features of variation of the nomination of documents, the dynamics of lexical-semantic relations between foreign language terms and the original names of documents in synonymous connections are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the historical dynamics of the names of documents of different genres reflects the general literary purist trend of the second half of the eighteenth century, manifested in the replacement of foreign names of certain genres with Russian (term мемориал for доношение, term журнал for записка). The tendency to form a more rigorous, taxonomically consistent system of office terms with a specific generic name is considered on the example of the term книга as one of the typical nominations of registration documents of the XVIII century.

The vocabulary of the plant world contains a huge search for historical information, closely interconnected with thinking, ethnography and ethnomentality of the Turkic people, the main craft of which since ancient times is traditional medicine and herbal medicine. In this regard, the study of plant nominations in the Yakut language is one of the most interesting vocabulary layers, distinguished by antiquity, diversity and originality of lexical units. Moreover, the study of the vocabulary of the flora of the Yakut language will improve the existing results and open new directions in the study of the lexical fund of the Yakut language. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the study of the names of medicinal plants in the Yakut language is conducted for the first time. The purpose of the study is to analyze two-element Yakut polylexemean names of pharmacofitonyms with the “ot” component denoting medicinal plants: “yarrow”, “wormwood”, “ivan-tea”, “veronica”, “mountaineer / knot-grass ”, “gentian”, “St. John's wort”, “thyroid odorous”, “stinking basilist” in the aspect of lexical-semantic features and principles of the word-formation system. The article deals with the issues of the methods and principles of the formation of polylexemean names of medicinal plants with the “ot” component growing on the territory of Yakutia. Attention is paid to the study of lexico-semantic features of the Yakut pharmacofitonyms nominations. The results of linguistic analysis are presented, which are compared with the methods of using medicinal plants with herbal extracts and herbalists and collected during expeditionary work. Particular attention is paid to the definition of universal models of education nominations of pharmacophytonyms in the Yakut language and identifying some methods of the word-formation system of lexical units denoting names of medicinal plants based on the appearance and form of any of the parts, designating a characteristic place of growth, identifying a functional trait and determining the affiliation of a medicinal plant . The authors use a set of methods and techniques for analyzing linguistic material: the method of semantic classification, lexical and semantic analysis, linguoculturological analysis, descriptive method of the biological characteristics of plants. Universal models of the formation of nominations of medicinal plants in the Yakut language are proposed, which may possibly reveal a regional peculiarity.

The article discusses the features of the study and perception of the concept of Soviet literature in China after the collapse of Soviet Union. The author studies in detail such an aspect of the topic as the attitude of Chinese scholars towards the literature of the Soviet Union, and also distinguishes between Soviet and Russian literature, which partially coincide in geographical distribution, but are radically different, their influence on Chinese literature of the post-Soviet period is also different. Particular attention is paid to the meanings that Chinese scientists put into the concept of Soviet literature, how the dynamics of attitudes towards this phenomenon in China have changed, as well as to what the prospects for studying this issue are now. Materials and research methods were the works of Soviet and Chinese scientists on the etymology and interpretation of the concept of Soviet literature. The author conducted a deep analysis of the works of leading literary scholars in China, identified their keynotes and interpreted the information received in this article. Based on the research findings of Chinese scientists, the author attempts to objectively identify the reasons for the perception of this concept in China, not only as historical, but active one. The paper also analyzes the expanded idea of Soviet literature by linking it with the concepts of “multinational” and “Russian literature of the 20th century”, as well as the meanings that Chinese scholars put into them. The author comes to the conclusion that Chinese scholars study the phenomenon of Soviet literature according to their literary and cultural need, which makes Soviet literature in China a historical, but not dead concept. As a result of the study, it was determined that the concept of “Russian literature of the 20th century” became popular in China after 1991, and the concept of “multinational” expects in-depth study in order to objectively and dialectically analyze the values of Soviet literature against the backdrop of the collapse of the USSR. It is precisely this attitude of modern China towards Soviet literature that determines the further prospects for studying the issue.