The purpose of our work was to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of the mineral elements of peppermint (Méntha piperíta) leaves. The relevance of the study is revealed by the fact that, though some trace elements in low concentrations are necessary for plant growth, their excess can lead to plant death. This effect depends both on the nature of the element and on the type of plant. To achieve this goal, we used the method of optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma on an Agilent 5110 ICP-OEC equipment. The object of research was the dried aerial part of peppermint (Méntha piperíta) growing in Goris region of Armenia. The content of 30 elements was determined, for five of which the biological absorption coefficient is greater than unity. This means that these elements accumulate in plants. These include strontium and molybdenum, which are toxic elements. Based on the data presented, it is certainly necessary to control the maximum permissible concentrations of molybdenum and strontium in peppermint (Méntha piperita) collections before using it in cooking and for the creation of medicinal products.

The article is dedicated to the 170th anniversary of the Vilyuisk (Yakutia) expedition organised by the Siberian (Irkutsk) branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (1853-1885). It was led by Richard Karlovich Maack (Germ. Richard Otto Maack), a Russian naturalist of German origin and explorer of Siberia and the Far East. It also contains some information on the Pribaikalia and Transbaikalia, taken along the way during the subsequent Amur (1855-1856) and Ussuri (1859-1960) expeditions. The route, dates, and composition of the expedition are described and the contribution of the scientist to various fields of natural science and, above all, to the study of vertebrates of the region is evaluated. Scientists have identified the habitat of amphibians and reptiles (4 species), birds (121), mammals (34), which is relatively large against the background of regional studies conducted in Eastern Siberia at that time. According to the lists of bird species published in the fundamental work of the scientist "Vilyuisky district of the Yakut region" [1883-1887], the distribution of 5 species of Gallinaceous birds (Gallinaceae) in the middle of the XIX century was revealed – Hazel Grouse, Western and Black-billied Capercaillies, Black Grouse, Willow Ptarmigan. For Transbaikalia and Pribaikalia, the habitat of two more species is noted - Gray and Bearded Partridges. The Common Pheasant was accounted for by R. K. Maack only in the Amur region and the Amur region (Far East). In general, over the century and a half of the history of studying Gallinaceous birds, their species composition has practically not changed in the researcher's work area. In Yakutia, it was replenished with species from the eastern and southern regions, living there Rock Partridge and Siberian Grouse. On the scale of Eastern Siberia, only the Pheasant is currently supplementing the Gallinaceous birds list as a new species in the region, documented in the south of Eastern Siberia – in the Eastern Sayan bordering the Baikal region and in some places of Transbaikalia (not yet precisely confirmed).

The positive trends in climate change that have become apparent in recent decades are accompanied by a shift in the range boundaries of many boreal plant species further north, to the shores of the Arctic Ocean. Monitoring the displacement of these boundaries, the introduction of plants unusual to the Arctic, as well as monitoring their adaptation to new conditions, is an important component of botanical research. In 2016, in the village Tiksi identified 2 species of woody plants – Betula pubescens and Salix udensis, known from the forest zone and not previously observed in this area. Obviously, both species appeared here due to the unintentional introduction of seeds by humans. Repeated observations of the condition of these species, conducted in 2023, showed that they exhibit stable vitality, withstood 7 winter periods and gave some increase in phytomass. Measurements of the area of the leaf blade of Betula pubescens and the size of 10 leaves of Salix udensis showed that these indicators are within the normal biological parameters of these species. Both species do not form generative structures yet. Salix udensis has grown significantly during the observation period, reaching a height of about 2.5 m. Perhaps this is the result of the protective influence of the building behind which it develops. Betula pubescens grows more slowly, hardly retains orthotropic shoots exceeding the average snow cover levels, which reach a height of 54 cm, but at the same time partially drained and deprived of foliage. Nevertheless, the lower part of the plant has fully leafy branches. Both species are valuable objects for further observations of their adaptation to Arctic conditions. Since Betula pubescens grows near the slope of the highway, it is recommended to move it to a safe place less susceptible to anthropogenic influence. Tiksi village, located in high latitudes, could serve as a good reference base for a wide range of scientific observations of plant adaptation to Arctic conditions. The optimal solution for this would be the creation of the Arctic Botanical Garden in Tiksi.

The  Republic  of  Sakha  (Yakutia)  is  the  largest  constituent  entity  of  the  Russian  Federation, located  in  the  north-east  of  Russia  and  characterised  by  a  harsh  sharply  continental  climate  with  very low air temperatures in winter and high in summer, insignificant average annual precipitation, and the spread of permafrost. The genus of ascomycetes lichens  Fuscopannaria P. M. Jørg. includes small species found in areas with a cool temperate climate in the northern hemisphere. According to the literature data, 3 species of the genus  Fuscopannaria were previously known in Yakutia. The species  F. viridescens  was discovered in the Lena River delta. The location of the species F. praetermissa is indicated for the Arctic zone and for the State Nature Reserve "Olekminsky". The species F. leucosticta  (=  Panaria leucosticta) is  given  for  the  Tokinsky  Stanovik.  The  purpose  of  this  work  is  to  generalise  the  data  on  the  lichens  of  the  genus  Fuscopannaria,  which  are  common  in  Yakutia;  revision  of  the  genus  in  the  lichen   collections of the IBPC SB RAS Herbarium (SASY). As a result of the conducted research, the author  identified the species F. ahlneri; the species  F. leucosticta  has been redefined as  F. praetermissa. For a new species in Yakutia, F. ahlneri is given a comparative description, distinctive features, information on location, ecology. Criteria for the identification of a group of cyanobiont lichen species native to Siberia  and the Far East, having similar morphological features with the presence of photobiont Nostoc  in the thallus, rarely forming apothecia, are discussed. A key has been compiled to identify the species of the  genus  Fuscopannaria  in  Yakutia:  F. ahlneri ,  F.  praetermissa ,  F.  viridescens.  Updated  data  on  the  specimens of the genus  Fuscopannaria in the SASY herbarium.

The high latitude ionospheric plasma is a difficult medium to describe due to the dependence of  its  parameters  on  heliogeophysical  conditions.  Its  large-scale  structure  is  influenced  by  processes  such  as  magnetospheric  convection,  plasmaspheric  flows  of  particles  and  heat,  as  well  as  the  precipitation of energetic particles in the region of the auroral oval. These processes are non-stationary and  their  characteristics  change  significantly  during  periods  of  enhanced  geomagnetic  activity.  Therefore, the modelling of the high-latitude ionosphere is associated with the development of a model that has a computationally stable numerical solution at a sufficiently high spatio-temporal resolution. For this purpose, in this work, we have carried out a study of the computational stability of the mathematical  model of the high-latitude ionosphere (Eulerian approach) when different integration steps in time and  space are specified. It is shown that the ionospheric model retains computational stability at all selected steps,  and  the  results  of  numerical  calculations  are  qualitatively  consistence  and  describe  the  main  large-scale  structural  formations  of  the  high-latitude  ionosphere.  The  results  show  that  the  developed  model  can  be  used  in  the  study  of  non-stationary  processes  occurring  in  the  ionospheric  plasma,  as well as in the study of the ionosphere during magnetic storms and substorms.

Periodic  24-hour  variations  in  the  intensity  of  galactic  cosmic  rays,  continuously  observed by  ground-based  detectors,  are  called  solar  diurnal  variations.  The  nature  of  these  variations  lies  in the existence in the interplanetary medium of an anisotropic spatial distribution of galactic cosmic rays, which arises during the interaction of these particles with the heliosphere. It is believed that the physical factors responsible for the observed anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays are the processes of convection, diffusion and their drift. The combination of these factors determines the main parameters of solar diurnal variations, such as amplitude, phase and energy spectrum. To study the energy spectrum of solar-diurnal variations, we used measurement data from muon telescopes of the Yakutsk Cosmic Ray Spectrograph after A.I. Kuzmin and Nagoya stations (Japan). The research approach is based on the idea of the crossed  telescope method, originally designed to take into account the temperature effect. Due to the difference in the receiving characteristics of the crossed northern and southern directions of the above muon telescopes, the intensity variations recorded by them are sensitive to changes in the energy spectrum of solar-diurnal variations. This property was used to assess the dynamics of the energy spectrum of solar-diurnal variations for 22–25 cycles of solar activity. Analysis of the data obtained showed that in the last minimum of solar activity  in  2018-2021.  An  anomalously  early  phase  of  solar-diurnal  variations  was  observed.  To  study this phenomenon, we simulated the ratio and phase difference of a pair of northern and southern crossed  directions  for  both  muon  telescopes  for  different  types  and  values  of  the  energy  spectrum  of  solar-diurnal variations. A comparison of model calculations and observational data has made it possible to establish that during periods of minimum solar activity in the positive polarity of the general magnetic  field of the Sun, a significant softening of the energy spectrum of solar-diurnal variations is observed.  The reasons for the discovered phenomenon are discussed.

At the clinic of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology has been using the following conformal irradiation technologies for cancer patients that meet international standards for more  than  13  years:  3D  conformal  radio  therapy  (3DCRT);  intensity  modulated  radiotherapy  (IMRT); volume modulated arc therapy (VMAT); stereotactic radiation technique (SRT); radiotherapy technique  with  breathing  control,  total  therapeutic  irradiation  (TRT)  technique  followed  by  bone  marrow  transplantation.  The  technological  complex  with  which  these  technologies  are  implemented  has  demonstrated an increase in the quality of radiation treatment for cancer patients. However, despite the “advancement” of technology, there are limitations in the ability to reduce dose loads on critical organs for a number of nosologies. Therefore, the prospects for the development of radiotherapy in Russia lie in the creation of several clinical centers for the use of heavy charged particles that have different physical and dosimetric characteristics and, from this point of view, carry other opportunities and prospects. There is  great interest in flash therapy.

The  paper  considers  the  problem  of  the  noise  impact  of  the  CHP  operation  on  adjacent   settlements and on humans. At power generating facilities, the process of steam discharge from boilers is a powerful source of noise. This process occurs in emergency situations in order to reduce pressure and  during kindling. When discharged from boilers through the GPC, an under expanded and non-isothermal steam flow with high speed, pressure and temperature emits a noise equivalent in characteristics to the  sound  of  a  jet  engine.  To  perform  the  calculations,  a  request  was  made  for  data  on  steam  parameters in  front  of  the  GPC  from  the  Vyborgskaya  CHP  –  17  station,  part  of  the  TGC-1  power  generating  company  in  St.  Petersburg.  The  calculation  of  the  maximum  value  of  the  sound  pressure  of  steam  discharge from boilers was carried out. Sound pressure levels have been determined at various octave levels with average geometric frequencies in the range from 31.5 to 8000 Hz. A graph of the dependence of the sound pressure level on the octave level is constructed. It was revealed that the noise of steam discharge  has  a  high-frequency  character,  the  extreme  value  occurs  at  a  frequency  of  1000  Hz  and  is  equal  to  161.3  dB  for  boilers  No.  4,  5,  6  and  158.7  dB  for  boilers  No.  1,  2,  3.  For  comparison,  the  sound  pressure  level  of  the  noise  of  an  aircraft  jet  engine  is  approximately  160  db.  To  reduce  the  harmful effects of noise on humans and adjacent populated areas near the station, it is recommended to install  special extinguishing agents – silencers.

One of the modern and relevant methods for investigating the structures of objects is based   on  the  holographic  method  of  recording  signals  (holographic  microscopy).  The  main  advantage  of  this  method  is  the  ability  to  obtain  complete  information  about  the  object.  In  other  words,  this  method makes it possible to record not only the amplitude, but also the phase of the wave. This is achieved thanks to a recording scheme in which the phase of the wave is some modulation of the intensity. This advantage makes holographic microscopy an effective tool for the investigate of particles/microparticles  in gases, liquids and solid materials in the form of thin films or in sufficiently transparent materials for optical  waves  (one  of  the  main  limitations  of  the  holographic  recording  scheme  is  to  investigate  only  objects with high transmissivity, i.e. the reference wave is must be about 70% or more of the total wave). Within the framework of this work, we consider the scheme of in-line holography (Gabor holography). The undoubted advantage of the in-line holographic investigation method is that it is limited only by the wavelength range. In other words, by changing the wavelength of the source, a wide range of objects can be examined. For example, in-line holography is used in low energy electron microscopes, which allows the atomic structure of an object to be studied. In the case when the source is  a laser (optical range),  a holographic microscope provides a wide range of possibilities for investigation the micro-objects, from various  bacteria  to  various  fine–structured  particles.  We  developed  a  model  of  a  digital  holographic microscope  for  the  study  of  structures  in  the  optical  range,  based  on  the  Gabor  in-line  holography  method. This model of the microscope is developed on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W platform.

Significant  interest  in  the  Arctic  zone  of  Yakutia  emerged  at  the  end  of  the  20th  century,   when  alluvial  diamond  deposits  were  discovered  and  began  to  be  developed.  The  Arctic  also  has great prospects for hydrocarbons. At the present time there is a struggle for the development of natural resources of the Arctic, in this connection the relevance of the Arctic theme in Yakut literature as a whole  increases. The Arctic is a mysterious, harsh northern land, which at the same time is very beautiful and dangerous.  The  land  of  White  Silence  fascinated  and  attracted  explorers,  travellers  and  romantics.  Not only masters of words, but also artists, pedagogues, philosophers turned their eyes to the world of childhood as an integral part of people's life. Memories of childhood spent in the harsh northern land,  of its courageous inhabitants - reindeer herders, hunters, fishermen - became the material for the literary works  of  the  national  writer  of  Yakutia,  poet,  prose  writer  Semyon  Andreevich  Popov-Tumat.  In  the  works of the writer we get acquainted with the difficult life of the indigenous people of the North with their traditions, ways of life, with their feelings and dreams. We have analysed cycles of children's proses  written by Semyon Tumat. In the stories of the writer contains a lot of cognitive information about the  life of a simple man, a northerner, a master, transforming this harsh land and the amazing country of snow, endless sky, illuminated by the polar lights, the wonderful world of the Arctic. S. Tumat's prose does not glorify tenderness or mercy. In the works of the writer the most important themes are: the theme  of childhood, upbringing, family, faith, willpower, the theme of nature, friendship and love. However, love for his native northern land, parents, the world of the Arctic appears in the works of a strong feeling, imprinted forever on the heroes. Semyon Andreevich approached to the disclosure of this issue individually; thinking over the style and details of the narrative, composition of the works, character and psychology of the heroes.

This article has several purposes: 1. analyse and identify stereotypical images of the entomological concept of bee in the Russian national linguistic consciousness; 2. reveal the symbolic content of linguistic consciousness by extracting semantic and symbolic signs attached to the stereotypical images of the entomological concept of bee; 3. establish the dynamic invariance (stability) and temporal relevance of the identified stereotypical images in the Russian linguistic picture of the world; 4. confirm the archetypal nature of bee images as universal “products” of the collective unconsciousness and indicators of being structure. According to the study results, stereotypical images of the concept of bee and its symbolic signs were revealed: the stereotype image «hard worker»: ‘hard work’, ‘painstaking’, ‘indefatigability’, ‘distinctness’, ‘purposefulness’, ‘endurance’, ‘perseverance’, ‘fruitfulness’, ‘diligence’, ‘organization’, ‘persistence’, ‘perseverance’, ‘concentration’; The stereotype image «social being»: ‘communism / collectivism’, ‘socialism’, ‘justice’, ‘equality’, ‘teamwork’ / ‘camaraderie’, ‘unity’, ‘autocracy / power’, ‘hierarchy’, ‘self-sacrifice’, ‘fearlessness / bravery’; the stereotype image «deity / divine creation»: ‘pleasing in goodness’, ‘divine love’, ‘divine message’, ‘divine gift’, ‘Last Judgment’, ‘suffering of Christ’, ‘purity (of the soul)’, ‘chastity’, ‘faithfulness’, ‘righteousness’, ‘punishment (of sinners)’, ‘God’, ‘immortality’, ‘power’, ‘divine blessing’, ‘abundance’, ‘prosperity’, ‘intuition’; stereotype image «female person / goddess»: ‘mother’, ‘care (warmth)’, ‘woman’, ‘meekness’, ‘virtue’, ‘diligence’, ‘chastity’, ‘motherhood’, ‘matriarchy’, ‘primacy’, ‘offspring / fertility’; the stereotype image «wise creature»: ‘eloquence’, ‘prudence’, ‘wisdom’, ‘morality’, ‘mathematical thinking / mind’, ‘expediency’, ‘(life) experience / knowledge’, ‘temptation’ / ‘self-control’. Symbolic signs reflect the idea of understanding God as the supreme being and mainly appeal to the anthropomorphic moral sphere. The time span of the illustrative material (from Ancient Russia to Modern times) testifies to the archetypality, temporal relevance and dynamic invariance of the highlighted stereotypical images of concept of bee in the linguistic consciousness of native Russian speakers and in the Russian language picture of the world. This demonstrates both ethnic and socio-cultural affiliation and kinship in the innate and instinctive perception of the being structure between human race representatives and the animal world.

This article examines the connection of the gemeronyms of Yakut periodicals with cultural and historical phenomena, where the desire for freedom of speech and the right to information influenced the formation and dissemination of a democratic and national press in Yakutia. However, during the historical process, there was no stable media system during this period. Consequently, the press of Yakutia reflected the movement of the socio-political life of that time and depended on fluctuations in political power. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in Yakut journalism, an attempt was made to comprehend and systematise the names of newspapers and magazines as an independent unit, taking into account its functional specificity in communication processes. The purpose of the study is to determine the peculiarity of the reflection of freedom of speech and the right to information in the gemeronyms of newspapers and magazines in Yakutia in the pre–revolutionary period, after the February Revolution and during the period of liberalisation of Soviet power. The relevance of studying the gemeronym has become the basis for further research, which is due to its special role in the historiographical process as a whole. In our case, a distinctive feature of the media onomasticon is its interdisciplinarity. The study used methods of observation and content analysis of the hemeronyms of periodicals as onomastic realities. In addition, the method of retrospective analysis using "keywords" and "key meanings" is used to systematise the history of the Yakut periodical press.

The relevance of the article is connected with the application of the cognitive-semantic method of analysing epithet paradigmatics in M. Tsvetaeva’s texts. The aims and objectives are connected to the study of the idiostyle specificity of the attribute verbalisation of the conceptual meaning ‘blood’ in M. Tsvetaeva’s texts, in the course of which the role of epithetisation in the individual style system of the poet under study is revealed, the semantic content of this concept in the texts of M. Tsvetaeva, as well as the types of epithet words that verbalise this meaning. On the basis of cognitive-semantic, component, lexicographic and lexical-semantic, as well as statistical methods of analysis, the attribute verbalisation of the concept ‘blood’ in M. Tsvetaeva’s texts is analysed. The comparison of the characteristic nomination was carried out on the basis of the ‘Dictionary of Epithets of the Russian Literary Language’ and M. Tsvetaeva’s texts. The considered types of epithet words that verbalise the attribute nomination of blood in M. Tsvetaeva’s texts made it possible to record a minor coincidence of the qualitative attributes of this object of epithetisation with usage, while the majority of epithet words demonstrate non-usual lexical compatibility. The idiolect epithet paradigm is represented by emotional and psychological characteristics; among the structural and morphological types of epithets, simple adjectival and substantive ones lead. It has been proven that the specificity of the attribute verbalisation of ‘blood’ is associated with the anthropomorphic semantics of this concept as the focus of the essence of the personality, its character. Attributive verbalisation of the qualitative characteristics of an object is one of the peculiarities of M. Tsvetaeva’s individual style. The usual attributes of the concept ‘blood’ as a person’s temperament and vital activity are preserved, but there is a clear tendency towards an occasional interpretation of the signs are realised in its idiolect, but are subject to the author’s reflection and rethought. The i dentification o f a new feature of the c oncept occurs based on the s ubjective perception of reality, awareness of its significance for the author. The qualitative characteristics of the subject, his inner world is one of the dominant features of M. Tsvetaeva’s language.

The article examines the features of the embodiment of the theme of joining Russia in the literature of the peoples of Siberia in the 1950s–1980s in the context of state memory policy of this period. The research materials are the works of Altai, Buryat, Khakass and Yakut literature. The research is based on the theory and methodology of comparative literature, as well as on the theory of cultural and historical memory. It has been established that the appearance of the theme of joining Russia in the literature of the peoples of Siberia in the 1950s–1980s was associated with the memory politics of this period. At this time, the basis of the national histories of the peoples of the USSR was the concept of friendship of peoples, within the framework of which special attention was paid to the idea of the voluntary entry of indigenous peoples into Russia, which brought them various benefits and became the basis for further national development. The appearance of the first literary works on this topic in the literature of Siberia dates back to the time of anniversary celebrations in honor of the anniversaries of the voluntary entry of local peoples into Russia, which proves the connection between these phenomena. It is also known that in the writing community since the 1950s the directive was spread to pay special attention to the theme of friendship of peoples and the positive role of Russia and Russians in the history of the peoples of Siberia. Within literary discourse, this idea was embodied in works of various genres: historical poems, plays, novels dedicated to the era of annexation to Russia, as well as in a number of poems glorifying the patriotism of the peoples of Siberia and the beneficial influence of the Russian state and Russian culture on their historical destiny. These works are characterised by an appeal to historical facts, which in Soviet times were interpreted as a manifestation of the friendship of the peoples of Siberia with Russia, as well as to folklore legends, interpreted in the same vein. All these works can be considered as a kind of hypertext, formed in the literature of Siberia in the 1950s–1980s around the theme of joining Russia and reflecting the corresponding trend in the politics of memory of this period.

The relevance of the research topic is related to the modern interest in gender issues, which are being considered in various sciences, including literary studies. Literature provides rich material for the study of male-female relations in cultural and social space. The novelty lies in the study of the writer's artistic genderology, i.e. Dostoevsky's interest in the peculiarities of male-female relations, which are manifested in the construction of plots, the formation of image systems, and are connected with the ideological and philosophical orientation of the work. The aim of the article is to show how gender is transformed under the influence of an ideological component, using the example of the novel "Demons", which is the most saturated with ideological and political issues. The relationship in the Shatov family is analysed, in which both the man and the woman are influenced by certain ideas. During the analysis, several tasks had to be solved: to determine the nature of the ideas that each of the characters professes; to analyse how the plot of their family relationships develops; to trace the development of the characters' relationships, their liberation from the ideological burden, and to determine what outlines the pattern of the tragic ending. The Shatov family is an example of a unique family unit in Dostoevsky's work. In their relationship, gender was first distorted under the influence of ideologism, and as a result, for a brief moment, both reach the level of spiritual connection with each other, where they rise above the feminine and masculine.

The article provides in-depth the issue of the first literary text, which serves as the foundation for the development of literature as a distinct system apart from the oral tradition. In this context, we aim to revisit the question of which work by A.E. Kulakovsky should be regarded as the inaugural text of Yakut literature: the chronologically first by its conception and composition or the first by publication, which became widely known to readership. The paper forwards a hypothetical proposition of the importance of the publication of A.E. Kulakovsky’s first poem “Oath of Abasy” in 1908, which was selected by the author himself from the entire corpus of his early body of work. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the first poem by A.E. Kulakovsky in the aspect of poetics of the literary text itself. The research objectives include the analysis of the poem in the aspect of identifying the “poetic principle” within and in the context of the formation of the literary text as a whole, which determined the principles of formation of the poet’s literary poetics. The results of the analysis of A.E. Kulakovsky’s first poem demonstrate that it was this exact work, rather than “Algys to Baianai”, should be seen as the first literary text of the tradition, symbolising the beginning of literature as a new type of text, distinct from folklore. Analysis of this poem confirms that literature, unlike folklore, is aimed from the start at the author’s creation of the poetic principle proper, which permeates the text on all its levels. The scientific justification of “the primary text” of Yakut literary tradition should be considered as a fully motivated departure from the ideological assessments, characteristic of Soviet literary criticism and, in particular, in the history of studying the literary heritage of A.E. Kulakovsky.

The linguistic landscape (LL) is an important part of the public space for the formation of the linguistic consciousness of the population. It acquires particular significance in the conditions of natural bilingualism in the national republics of Russia. The correlation of languages in the visual space reflects the realities of the functioning and implementation of the state’s language policy as a whole. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Yakut language has the status of a state language alongside the Russian language.  In  order  to  preserve  and  develop  the  languages  of  the  republic,  a  long-term  state  programme  is  being  adopted, which, unfortunately, does not reflect the linguistic landscape. The purpose of the study is to analyse  the  linguistic  landscape  of  the  urban-type  settlement  of  Batagai,  Verkhoyansky  district.  The study  was  conducted  within  the  framework  of  the  Summer  Scientific  School  “Young  Researchers  of  Verkhoyansk”  in  June-July  2023.  In  accordance  with  the  purpose  of  the  study,  the  following  tasks were  solved:  collection  of  factual  material  by  photographing  institutional  signs,  banners,  information materials, analysis of the representation of languages in visual LL, summary of the results. The method of  collecting  and  analysing  linguistic  material,  the  statistical  method,  and  the  comparative  analysis  of  photographic texts were used. In the first stage of the study, 369 units of LL were collected from two main streets of the village: Lenin and Ammosova. The collected material is grouped as follows: address signs, signboards, signs of operation hours, signs with prohibition or warning signs, information announcements, memorial  signs,  graffiti,  billboards,  signs  of  organisations,  advertising  posters.  In  the  second  stage, material was collected on the internal linguistic landscape of 16 buildings and amounted to 465 units. The internal linguistic landscape consists of information boards, announcements, advertisements, navigational information, etc.

This article is devoted to the consideration of discourse studies development as well as that of discourse analysis. This method makes it possible to take into account not only the linguistic (verbal)  aspect, but also the supra-linguistic (extra-verbal) one, as it also focuses on the situational peculiarities  of the text or statements, their pragmatic and functional features, the cultural and historical context, and  many  other  factors.  Nowadays  discourse  analysis  is  widely  used  for  interdisciplinary  research,  which determines  the  relevance  of  studying  the  prospects  for  its  further  use.  This  work  provides  a  historical  overview  of  discourse  studies  formation  and  development.  Various  approaches  to  the  key  concept interpretation from this area, which is discourse, are analysed. The process of discourse analysis formation as one of the most important parts of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of discourse studies as well as various approaches to its implementation are considered. Some new ways of using discourse analysis to conduct research on various institutional types of communication are proposed, which is demonstrated  by the example of implementing this method in the study of sports rhetoric.

In  every  literature  there  are  artists  of  the  word  who  are  distinguished  by  the  depth  of  their   penetration  into  the  spiritual  foundations  of  their  own  culture,  covering  many  genres  and  styles.  As  such  an  "epicentre"  we  have  chosen  the  polyphonic  creativity  of  the  Altai  classics  D.B.  Kainchin  (1938-2012),  A.O.  Adarov  (1932-2005),  L.V.  Kokyshev  (1933-1975)  and  E.M.  Palkin  (1934-1991).  The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the reflection of national and cultural stereotypes  in the material of their works. On the basis of the analysis of individual plots and episodes of a number  of  novels,  the  article  analyses  various  actions  and  deeds  of  the  main  and  secondary  characters.  The author examines the modification of stereotypes in the works and notes the presence of surface and deep categories of stereotypes in the novels of Altai writers on diachronic and synchronic sections. The article also characterises the cultural codes common to the literary and mythological tradition and fixed in public memory.  The  interrelation  of  national  and  cultural  codes  of  the  Altai  ethnos  and  national  and  cultural stereotypes is determined on the example of heroic deeds and actions. The artistic image of the world  of  the  Altai  people,  described  in  the  stable  elements,  codes  and  motifs  of  folk  culture,  can  be  reconstructed in its separate socio-historical slices in the context of the changing lifestyles of the ethnos (pre-revolutionary  Altai,  the  establishment  of  Soviet  power,  repressions,  the  Great  Patriotic  War,  the  post-war  period).  The  article  reveals  the  peculiarities  of  the  implementation  of  the  concept  of  "own world"/"foreign  world",  considers  the  means  of  reflection  of  ethnic  identity,  characterising  the  consciousness of the characters of the work. It is proved that in the novel the national and cultural stereotype is  a  relatively  stable  and  generalising  image,  a  set  of  cultural  values  peculiar  to  the  representatives  of the Altai ethnos is defined. The peculiarities of the functioning of national images and image-symbols in  the  novel  are  reflected,  as  well  as  the  specificity  of  the  representation  of  related  representations  in different episodes and plots. The possibility of overcoming the schematism of socialist realism, renewal of artistic forms and content in the deepening of psychologism and philosophical subtext in the works of Altai  writers is considered.

The  subject  of  the  study  is  the  author's  position  in  the  folk  plays  of  L.N.  Tolstoy  “The  First  Distiller,  or  How  the  Little  Devil  Earned  a  Crumb”,  “From  Her  All  the  Qualities”,  “Peter Khlebnik”, “Dramatic Arrangement of the Legend of Haggai”. The objectives of the study include identifying  ways  of  expressing  the  author’s  position  in  the  writer’s  dramatic  texts,  which  is  possible  through  the use of structural, mythopoetic methods, as well as the use of motive analysis techniques. The purpose  of  this  article  is  to  explore  the  features  of  expressing  the  author’s  position  in  the  “folk”  dramas  of  L.N.  Tolstoy.  The  relevance  of  the  study  is  determined  by  the  insufficient  knowledge  of  the  methods  of  updating  the  author's  position  in  the  writer's  dramatic  texts  and  the  need  to  understand the  originality  of  Tolstoy's  dramaturgy  in  the  holistic  artistic  and  philosophical  context  of  his  work. In  the  comedy  “The  First  Distiller,  or  How  the  Little  Devil  Earned  the  Edge,”  the  author  directs  the  reader’s perception of events through stage directions and through the image of the hero participating in the event and observing it. In the play “From Her All the Qualities”, the author’s intention is expressed in the subjective description of the characters in the poster. In the “Dramatic Treatment of the Legend of  Haggai”  and  “Peter  the  Bread  Man”,  Tolstoy’s  appeal  to  the  plot  of  a  sinner  who  repented  of  his  atrocities is revealed, which is in tune with the writer’s ideological search. The incompleteness of these  plays is due to the unclear prospects for leaving for the author himself. It seems relevant and promising to further study Tolstoy’s dramatic heritage in the aspect of studying the methods used to express the author’s position, helping to correct the already established ideas about the literary anthropology of the writer.

The  relevance  of  the  work  is  related  to  the  promising  direction  of  studying  the  influence  of  non-classical  theologies  on  the  poetics  of  literary  texts  of  the  post-Romantic  period.  The  article  examines the spiritual poetics of P.D. Boborykin's novel "The Evening Sacrifice". The cultural-historical method allows us to determine the place of spiritual views and practices in the culture and literature of the 19th century, in the consciousness of society and the authors of literary texts. The article analyses the  peculiarities  of  the  representation  of  members  of  the  spiritualist  movement  in  P.D.  Boborykin's novel  "The  Evening  Sacrifice".  The  comparative  method  is  used  to  compare  the  representation  of  spiritualists  in  Boborykin’s  novel  with  that  of  his  contemporaries  –  I.S.  Turgenev,  L.N.  Tolstoy,  F.M.  Dostoevsky.  If  for  Turgenev  and  Tolstoy,  the  fascination  with  spiritualism  is  another  sign  of  the idleness and meaninglessness of the aristocracy's life (and in Tolstoy's case, it is also an occasion to show  the  superiority  of  peasants  over  it),  then  for  Dostoevsky,  spiritualism  reveals  the  peculiarities  of  the  relationship  between  faith  and  fact  for  a  person,  which  allowed  him  to  deduce  the  concept  of  "true  realist" Alyosha in “The Brothers Karamazov”, and for Boborykin it is an alternative value system that  allows  one  to  reconsider  their  moral  and  intellectual  views  by  comparing  them  with  it.  The  revealed  differences allow us to establish the individual characteristics of the views of each of the selected authors. The semiotic method allows us to trace the features of the construction of the poetics of literary texts and the role that spiritualism plays in it. Allan Kardec's religious and philosophical views, which include faith in the evolution of the soul through a series of reincarnations, which can be achieved under the guidance of helping souls of a higher level of development, turn out to be a way of organising the structure of P.D. Boborykin's novel "The Evening Sacrifice", the basis for the dynamics of its plot and the connection of characters. Spiritualism also plays a role in the specifics of the novel's gender issues, which is confirmed by the author's out-of-text testimonies. The results of the research can be applied in the study of the history of Russian literature and the sociology of religion.

The  article  is  devoted  to  the  linguocognitive  analysis  of  the  image  of  Dangyna   in  the   linguistic picture of the Tuvan world. The aim of the article is to analyse the image of  Dangyna  in the  linguistic  worldview  of  the  Tuvan  people,  which  has  undergone  transformations  from  ancient  folkloric representations to fiction and modern reality.  Dangyna  is the daughter of the Khan, the bride of the main hero  in  epic  works.  In  the  popular  perception  of  the  Tuvinians,  Dangyna   appears  as  the  ideal  young woman, a companion of the hero, combining beauty, kindness and, despite her young age, intelligence,  inner strength and flexibility of character. Thus, the image of  Dangyna  reflects not only a fragment of the aesthetic vision of the Tuvan world, but also the social role of a woman, an assistant, an adviser to the hero, whose extraordinary wisdom allows her to inspire a man to military exploits, while remaining in the background of epic events. The image of the  Dangyna  in the traditional ethical and moral representations of  the  Tuvinians  has  feminine  virtues,  which  are  most  widely  revealed  in  epic  and  fairy-tale  folklore, transformed into myths. In modern works of fiction, the image of  Dangyna  manifests itself in two ways:   as a national standard of comparison for literary heroines; as a special character in fiction. The results  of an associative experiment and observation of contemporary events related to the spiritual and cultural values of Tuvan society show that modern ideas among speakers of the Tuvan linguistic culture mainly preserve  ancient  ideas  about  femininity  in  the  image  of  Dangyna.  The  result  of  the  analysis  showed   that  the  evaluative  component  of  the  image  helps  to  reveal  the  peculiarity  of  this  image.  Dangyna's  appearance and inner qualities complement each other, creating an ideal image of femininity in the popular imagination. The study is based on a linguocognitive analysis of Tuvan epics, fairy tales, non-fabulous prose, Tuvan fiction, the results of an associative experiment, and observations of modern social phenomena.